C-Class

Burkina Faso n-nyɛ tiŋgbani shɛli din bi baɣi mɔɣ' kara ka be West Africa Ghana puuni. Di galisim nyɛla din paai 274, 200 square kilometered (105, 900 sq mi). Tiŋ' shɛŋa din gili li n-nyɛ Mali din be tudu ŋɔ wulunluhili polo, Ghana mini Togo din be nyɔŋni polo, Benin din be nyɔŋni wulunpuhili polo ni Niger din be tudu yaɣili ŋɔ wulunpuhili polo. Di yu' kurili n-daa na nyɛ Republic of Upper Volta yuuni 1958 la halli ni yuuni 1984 ka di tuuli tingbani zuɣulana Thomas Sankara n-daa ti n-nyɛ ninvuɣ' so ŋun daa taɣi di yuli maa m-boli li "Burkina Faso" silimiingoli August dabaa anahi dali yuuni 1984. Burkinabé ka bɛ booni ban ʒi di puuni maa zaa. Tiŋ' karili din nyɛ di tiŋzuɣu la yuli m-booni Ouagadadougou.

Mɔhi n-nyɛ ban daa kpe Burkina Faso yuun' shɛli bɛ ni boli 11th mini 13th centuries la ka lahi n-nyɛ ban galisi pam nimaani. Bana n-lahi nyɛ ban mali nama kuɣ' timsa kamani; Ouogadougou, Tenkodogo, nti pahi Yatenga. Burkina Faso daa deei di maŋsulinsi la yuuni 1896 ka pahi French West Africa la zuɣu. Upper Volta gba daa nyɛla din zani di gama zuɣu m-pahi bɛ ni boli shɛli French Community la 1958 yuuni puuni hali ka bɛ tiŋgbanzuɣulana Maurice Yaméogo daa ti kana ka bɛ deei bɛ maŋsulinsi yuuni 1960. Di ni deegi di maŋsulinsi n-naai, kɔrinfɔhili, sanzali nti pahi bindirigu kalinsi n-daa zoogi bɛ tiŋgbani maa puuni. Coups balibu balibu daa nyɛla din yiɣisi pam yuuni 1966, 1980,1982,1983, ni 1987 ka buyi mi niŋ 2022 yuuni la silimiingoli January mini September puuni ka daa naɣi n-che bɛ ni daa lahi m-mo ni bɛ lahi yiɣisi shɛŋa yuuni 1989, 2015 ni 2023 la ka daa bi nya nasara.

Lala n-daa kuli n-nyɛ li hali ka Thomas Sankara daa ti kana namni n-ti lɛbi bɛ tiŋgbanzuɣulana ka daa kpaŋ o maŋa m-bɔ maligu n-ti lala Coup ŋɔ yuuni 1983 puuni ni. Sankara daa kpuɣila sochib' shɛŋa din yɛn ʒi lɛbigimsim zaŋ jɛndi biɛhigu ni daabiligu, ka sochibisi ŋɔ daa mali di puuni, karimbu ni sabbu soya n-ti tiŋgbani maa mulichi. Tiŋgbani taribu n-ti pukpariba, alaafee shɛriti chibbu n-ti bihi ban kalinli daa yiɣisi miliyon dibaayi, ziligi mini matuka ni cheche buɣim pala malibu, shikuru bɔhimbu n-ti mulichi kam, ni taɣibu zaŋ jɛndi bipuɣinsi gunibu, bipuɣinsi mirisibu zaŋ ti dabba mini paɣ'bɔbigu bɔbu. O daa nyɛla Tiŋgbanzuɣulana hali ni yuuni 1987, ka bɛ daa n-ti yihi o nam maa ni ka o daa kɔŋ o nyavuli Coup shɛli Blaise Compaoré ni daa ŋmɛ ka leegi Tiŋgbanzuɣulana n gbubi Tingbaŋ maa hali ni silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pihita ni yini dali, yuuni 2014 ka bɛ daa ti yihi o gba nam puuni.

Tuum yuuni 2010 sunsuuni zaŋ chaŋ, ayirimo mini fitina din daa be Burkina Faso tingbani nyɛla din daa tum tiŋgbani maa chuuta pam zaŋ kpa di toontibo mini lɛbigimsim polo. Linjimanima, ban mini Musulinsi tiŋgbana bee al-Qaeda, nyɛla ban be Burkina Faso n-teei yɛrigi gili tiŋgbani maa tarisi din be Mali mini Niger yaɣa. Kalinli din daa gari miliyoŋ yini. Tiŋgbani maa daadam biɛligu ŋan kalinli yiɣisi miliyoŋ pishi ni yini la puuni nyela ban daa yi tiŋgbani maa puuni n-kpe tiŋgban' shɛŋa ni. Linjima ban daa be Burkina Faso Tiŋgban' ni daa fala nam coup d'etat ni silimiingoli January biɛɣu pishi ni ata mini anahi dali, yuuni 2022, n-yihi Roch Marc Kaboré nam ni. Silimiingoli January biɛɣu pihita ni yini puuni, linjima gɔmnanti daa labisila tiŋgbani gbubbu zalisi na, silimiinsi ni boli shɛli Constitution la, ka leegi Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba Tiŋgbanzuɣulana, amaa o daa bi yuugi nam ni ka bɛ niŋ o gba coup din pahi ayi Silimiingoli September bieɣu pihita dali. 2022 yuuni maa ni yaha, ka linjimanima maa kpɛma, Ibrahim Traoré deegi Tiŋgbanzuɣulantali.^[1]

Burkina Faso tiŋgbani na kuli nyɛla tiŋgbani shɛli din lɛbigimsim bi yaɣi lala andunia yaangi zuɣu, ka di GDP yiɣisi biliyoŋ $16.226 yuuni 2022 puuni. Kɔbigu puuni, vaabu pihiyɔbu ni ata pɔnchi ni anii (63.8% ) nyɛla Musulimbima ka vaabu pishi ni ayɔbu pɔnchi ni ata (26.3%) nyɛla Asɔrinima^[2]. Tiŋgbaŋ maa balli mini di daabiligu shee balli daa nyɛla French; ka tiŋgbani maa daa ti taɣili ka French daa leegi bal' shɛli din yɛn tumdi tuma, di mini silimiinsili, English ^[3]^[4]. Tiŋgbaŋ maa mali bala ka di kalinli yiɣisi pihiyɔbu. Tigbani maa gɔmnanti ni mi shɛli yɛla, ka bali shɛli bɛ ni tooi yɛra n-nyɛ Mooré, Tiŋgbani maa mulichi pirigilli ni yari shɛli^[5]^[6]. Burkina Faso tiŋgbani maa nyɛla din mali namtiɛri din gahim ni binnamda balibu pam kamani; di mali Salima, manganese, kɔpa mini limestone pam. Di ni niŋ ka Tiŋgbani maa mali zuliya balibu pam maa zuɣu, di kaya ni ta'ada taarihi malila dariza ka wɔɣa, ka andunia yaangi zuɣu zaa mi bɛ ni gbubi li kiri kiri bɛ kurumbuniha kaya ni ta'ada shɛm.^[7] Tiŋgbani maa gɔmnanti nyɛla semi-presidential republic ka di mali executifu, legislatifu mini Judiciary yaa yaɣa. Burkina Faso pahi la United Nations, La Francophonie mini Organisation of Islamic Cooperation puuni. Tiŋgbani maa daa moliya yuuni 2024, silimiingoli January, biɛɣu pishi ni anii dabisili puuni zaŋ kpa bɛ ni lahi pa ban be ECOWAS mini African Union puuni shɛm.

Etymologi

Piligu, Burkina Faso yuli daa nyɛla Republic of Upper Volta, pɔi ka Tiŋgbanzuɣulan' Thomas Sankara daa pa ti taɣi di yuli kana "Burkina Faso" yuuni 1984, silimiingoli August dabaa anahi puuni. Bachi' Kɔb' shɛŋa ŋan nyɛ "Burkina" mini "Faso' m-be yuli maa ni yila bal'konkɔba mulichi ŋan be Tiŋgbani maa ni ni yɛra: "Burkina" yila Mooré ni na ka di gbunni nyɛ "N-zan tuhi" bee 'N-zaya tib", ka di wuhiri tingbani maa mulichi ni mali nintiɣili zaŋ kpa bɛ bilichiinsi polo, ka "Faso" mi yina Dioula language puuni na ( ka di sabbu nyɛla N'Ko: ߝߊ߬ߛߏ߫ faso) la, ka di gbuuni nyɛ "Ban tiŋgbani" bee "Ban Yinsi". "-bè" ŋan bahindiri "Burkina" n-namdi Bachi' Kɔbili, "Burkinabè", bɛ ni mali yu' shɛli m-booni `ŋun yina Burkina Faso la, yila Fula language balli ni na, ka "-bè" maa gbunni nyɛ "Paɣaba bee Dabba"^[8]. CIA ŋmaai li la jia ka yɛli ni tiŋgbani maa nyɛla, "tiŋgban' shɛli ŋan mulichi zani n-tuhi yɛlimaŋli ".^[9]

French tiŋgbani din daa be Upper Volta ŋa yuli daa jɛndila di ni daa be MɔɣIili yuli booni Volta River(Black, Red mini White Volta) zuɣu saa yaɣili la.^[10]

Taarihi

Piligu ha taarihi

Bɛ ni daa mi shɛli northwesten yaɣ' shɛli zuŋɔ din pa nyɛ Burkina Faso ŋɔ daa nyɛla din kuli deegi salo shɛba daa n-nyɛ hunter-gatherers la yuuni 14,000 BCE zaŋ hali ni yuuni 5,000 BCE. Lala salo ŋɔ neen' shɛŋa yuya n-nyɛ; scrapers, chisels ni pɛimoya lala nɛma ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni nyɛ shɛŋa yuuni 1973 archaeological excavations puuni.^[11] Pukparilim biɛhigu shee daa nyɛla bɛ ni kpa shɛŋa din gbaagi yuuni 3600 zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2600BCE saha.^[11] Bura culture daa nyɛla Iron-Age civilization ka di biɛhigu shee daa n be nyɔŋni wulunluhi yaɣ' shɛli bɛ ni pa mi shɛli ni Niger zɔŋɔ la ni tudu ŋɔ na wulunluhili din pa nyɛ Burkina Faso.^[12] Iron industry din be smelting mini tinduya ni nɛma nti pahi di tɔbu nɛma, daa nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛŋa Sub-Saharan Africa zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1200BCE polo ^[13]^[14] zɔŋɔ, iron smelting din yuugi nyɛla bɛ ni nyɛ shɛli Burkina Faso yuma kamani 800 hali ni 700 BCE polo ka di nyɛla din pahi Ancient Ferrous Metallurgy World Heritage Site.^[15] Zaŋ hali ti gbaai 3rd zaŋ hali ni 13th centuries CE, Iron Age Bura culture nyɛla din be yaɣa kamani southeastern Burkina Faso mini southwestern Niger. Zuliyanima pam ban be Burkina Faso zuŋɔ, kamani Mossi, Fula nti pahi Dioula, nyɛla ban zani bɛ naba ayi zuɣu zaŋ ti gbaai 8th hali ni 15th centuries. Yuuni 11th century, Mohi maa daa nyɛla ban kpa nazuɣuri kɔnkɔba pam lala saha maa.

8th to 18th centuries

Nangban' kpeeni benimi zaŋ kpa saha shɛli Burkina Faso zuliya bɔbigu maa zaɣ' yino kam ni kpe tiŋgbani maa ni. Zuliya shɛli din nyɛ Proto-Mossi la daa kpela Burkina Faso saha shɛli 8th mini 15th Century sunsuuni,^[16] ka bɛ daa deei Musulinsi adiini n-leei bɛ Adiini 11th century puuni, Samo nima daa kpela Burkina Faso saha shɛli 15th century puuni^[17], Dogon nima daa Ʒila Burkina Faso's north mini northwest yaɣa hali ni saha shɛli 15th bee 16th centurini puuni^[18]. Lala ka zuliya shɛŋa ŋan gba be tiŋgbani maa ni daa kpela Burkina Faso lala saha ŋɔ.

Middle Ages la saha, Mohi maa daa nyɛla ban kpa nazuɣuri kɔnkɔba ka ŋan nyɛ Tenkodogo, Yatenga, Zandoma, mini Ouagadougou^[19]. Saha shɛli yuma 1328 mini 1338 sunsuuni, Mohi Tɔb' bihi daa ŋmɛ n-kpe Timbuktu, tɔ amaa, Sonni Ali ŋun yina Songhai la daa tuhi nyaŋ ba tɔbu shɛli bɛ ni daa boli Kobi tɔbu din daa tuhi Mali tiŋgbani ni la yuuni 1483 puuni.^[20]

16th century piligu saha ni, Songhai daa pa gindimi n-gbaɣiri daba hali ka tiŋgbani maa pa ti leei Burkina Faso zuŋɔ ŋɔ.^[21] 18th century saha ni, Gwiriko Empire daa kpami tiŋ' shɛli ŋan yuli booni Bobo Dioulasso ka zuliya kamani Dyan, Lobi, mini Birifor daa ʒini di puuni m-miri Black Volta nima.^[22]

From colony to independence (1890s–1958)

Tɛmplet:More citations needed section

Piligu yuuni 1890s ha, European Scramble for Africa saha la, European linjin kpamba daa nyɛla ban kpuɣi soya ni bɛ fa ti ni pa mi tiŋ' shɛli zuŋɔ Burkina Faso yaɣi shɛŋa. Saha shɛŋa, lala bɛ colonialists linjimanima ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban tuhiri zuɣu sabila nima maa shɛba, hali bɛ daa nyɛla ban nam tɔbi bihi ni bana. Bɛ colonialist kpamba nti pahi bɛ mamaŋ yiŋ' gɔmnanti gba daa nyɛla ban gbaai tabi alikuwule nima. Burkina Faso yaɣa kam zaa daa deela Faransinima, ka di daa dii lee ba French protectorate yuuni 1896.^[23]

Tiŋ' ŋɔ nudirigu mini di nuzaa polo zaa daa nyɛla ban tuhiri kpema ŋun yuli daa booni Samori Ture la linjin bihi, din daa doli lala gamo ŋɔ na daa nyɛla Fransinima tuma yuuni 1897. Zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1898. Burkina Faso yaɣa pam daa nyɛla bɛ ni ŋme n-fa shɛŋa. Dinzuɣu, yaɣi shɛŋa din be Fransinima sulinsi ni na bi nɛndɔya.^[24]

Franco-British Convention din daa niŋ silimiingoli June ni, yuuni 1898 nyɛla din daa nam tiŋgbani maa saha ŋɔ tiŋgbani tariti. Fransinima ŋɔ yaɣili, tɔbiri din daa nyɛ ŋme ka fa daa nyɛla din tuhiri zuɣudsabilanima nti pahi bɛ siyaasa kpamba n-kuli ni paai yuma anu laasabu. Yuuni 1904, tiŋgban' titali shɛli be Volta basin daa nyɛla ban laɣim m-pa nyɛ Upper Senegal mini Niger colony n-zaŋ ti French West Africa ni di pahi French West African colonial empire laɣimbu puuni. colony tiŋgbani zuɣu daa nyɛla din be Bamako.

Bali shɛli bɛ koloni nima ŋɔ ni daa zaŋ shɛli ka bɛ mini salo tooi diri fiila mini shikuru ni wuhibu daa nyɛla din nyɛ French. Public education system daa nyɛla din pili humble origins ni . Shikuriti chandi daa nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli na Dakar Koloni saha maa ka di daa ti zani kalinli zuɣu.

Zuɣusabilanima maa daa nyɛla ban nyɛ nahingu pam zaŋ jandi kamani, shɛhira; gbansabila bihi daa nyɛla bɛ ni bi ti shɛb' solo ni bɛ ba cheche bee m-pihiri binwala din lurina tihi zuɣurini, sɔya pam daa nyɛla din yɔhi tiri Koloni nima ŋɔ pam bihi. Ghansabinli ŋun kam daa niŋ tipawumli n-yiɣisi lala zalisi ŋɔ shɛli kam daa nyɛla ŋun yɛn kpe sarika.^[25]

Draftees ban daa be tingbani ŋɔ ni daa nyɛla ban tim nuu pam Yiropian tuba din yuli daa booni Dunia Tɔbu Tuuli la Senegalese Rifles tingbani. Zaŋ gbaai yuuni 1915 mini yuuni 1916 ha, Disitiri din daa be tiŋ' din yuli booni Burkina Faso zɔŋɔ nuzaa zuɣu ni tingbani maa nudirigu polo din mini tiŋ' din yuli booni Mali daa nyɛla yaɣi shɛli linjima nima pam ni be ka di kuli nyɛla bɛ tuhirila Kolonial Gɔmnanti maa lala tɔbu ŋɔ ka bɛ boli ni Volta-Bani War.^[26]

Faransi Gɔmnanti ŋɔ daa nyɛla ŋun yi lala tɔbu ŋɔ yala ni amaa saha shɛli bɛ ni daa nyɛ ŋɔ la.

French Upper Volta daa nyɛla din kpa silimiingoli March dahinyini dali yuuni 1919. French daa nyɛla dabiɛm ni kpe shɛb' wuhiri ni, ni di ti niŋ ka linjima nima lahi wumsi . Kolonial nima ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban woligi zɔŋɔ Burkina Faso yaɣili, ni Upper Senegal nti pahi Niger.

Koloni palli din daa kana daa nyɛla din yuli booni Haute Volta ka yuli ŋɔ daliri nyɛla di ni daa niŋ ka di be Volta River (the Black, Red mini White Volta) yaɣili la ka di tuuli Gɔmnanti yuli daa booni François Charles Alexis Edouard Hesling. Hesling daa nyɛla ŋun tahi pala malibu haŋkali parigu na, din kuli yɛn che ka tuma nima kpaŋsi nti pahi gumdi zaŋ yi tingbani maa puuni gba niŋ soochi ni afuwa. Gumdi zalikpan' shɛŋa din daa jɛndicoercion daa nyɛla din bi di nasara ka arizichi shɛli Koloni nima maa ni daa zaŋ niŋ di ni maa zaa bahi yoli. Lala Koloni maa daa nyɛla din wurim silimiingoli September dabaanu dali, yuuni 1932, din daa kpa n-kpa yaɣa kamani French Koloni din be Ivory Coast, French Sudan mini Niger. Ivory Coast n-daa nyɛ din nyɛ salo maa pam nti pahi yaɣi shɛŋa kamani Ouagadougou mini Bobo-Dioulasso daadam biɛlim pam.

Silimiingoli December biɛɣu pia ni yini dali, yuuni 1958 Koloni maa daa nyɛla ban deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi m-boli Republic of Upper Volta; di daa nyɛla din pahi French nima ni daa Koloniazi gbansabila tiŋgban' shɛŋa zuɣu silimiingi ni boli Franco-African Community la zuɣu. Di ni daa yɛn labi lihi the organization of French Overseas Territories daa piligimi ni zali kpani din yuli booni (Loi Cadre) , silimiingoli July biɛɣu pishi ni ata dali, yuuni 1956. Upper Volta daa lɛbigi yaɣi shɛli din pa zani di gama zuɣu French tiŋgbana ni silimiingoli December biɛɣu pia ni yini dali, yuuni 1958. Bɛ maŋsulinsi kpalinkpaa deebu zaa French sani daa nyɛla din deegi yuuni 1960.^[27]

Upper Volta (1958–1984)

Upper Volta maŋsulinsi tiŋgbani ( French: République de Haute-Volta) daa nyɛla bɛ ni kpa shɛli silimin gɔli December biɛɣu pia ni yini dali, yuuni 1958, kamani tiŋgbani shɛli din deegi di maŋsulinsi French tiŋgbani. Lala Upper Volta lahi nyɛla din chaŋ ti lahi nyɛ tiŋgbani shɛŋa din ʒi n-tabi Volta kuligi la. Kulisi ŋɔ nyɛla dibaata ŋan nima nyɛ; Black, White nti pahi Red Volta. Lala kulisi ŋɔ niŋgbuŋ kom ka bɛ lihi ka mali bɛ ya tuuta.

Poi ka di deegi di maŋsulinsi, di daa pun nyɛla French Upper Volta ka lahi be French tiŋgbana laɣingu la ni. Silimin gɔli August biɛɣu pia ni anu dali, yuuni 1960. Bɛ daa nyɛla ban deegi bɛ maŋsulinsi zaa French nima sani. Tuuli tiŋgbani zuɣu la n-daa nyɛ Maurice Yaméogo, ŋun daa nyɛ kpɛm n-zaŋ Voltaic Democratic Union (UDV) la. Yuuni 1960 tiŋgbani zalisi buku la daa nyɛla din wuhi piibu piibu niŋ n-doli bia ŋun paai yuun' pia ni anii, din ka bɛ boli ni universal suffrage tiŋgbani zuɣu laa tali polo nti pahi national assembly din daa nyɛ yuma anu namni bɛnibu la. Saha shɛli Yaméogo ni daa nyɛ nasara n-naai, o daa nyɛla ŋun niŋ mia piri paati kam gbaai yihila UDV paati ŋɔ. Gɔmnanti maa daa nyɛla ŋun be namni hali ni yuuni 1966. Di ni daa niŋ ka vuhim kani, kamani salo ni daa tɔri ayirimo nima ka sɔŋdi bɛ tuma ni nɛma nima, ka shikurubihi kɔŋ shikuriti chandi, ka tuun' tumdiba daa zaɣisi tuma tumbu, sooje Gɔmnanti daa nyɛla din vahinna.

Lamizana's rule ni multiple coups

Yuuni 1966, sooje gɔmnanti daa nyɛla ŋun ŋme m-paai Yaméogo Gɔmnanti, ka kari constitution maa zalisi la n-kpɛhi yaŋɔ,.ka wurim bɛ National Assembly la, ka pa zaŋ Lt na . Col. Sangoulé Lamizana n-daa nyɛ kpem ti tiŋgbani maa lala saha ŋɔ. Sooje nima ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban paai yuma anahi namni. Silimiingoli June biɛɣu pia ni anahi dali, yuuni 1976, Voltans nima ŋɔ daa nyɛla ban yina ni constitution palli din daa wuhi ni di tu ni Gɔmnanti kam niŋ namni yuma anahi. Lamizana daa na kuli be la namni hali ni yuuna 1970s polo, o daa kuli gabirila sooje Gɔmnanti mini Demokiratia Gɔmnanti zaa. Nangbankpeeni ni daa ti lu yuuni 1976 constitution, constitution palli daa nyɛla din sabi ka saɣi ti yuuni 1977 ni. Lamizana daa nyɛla bɛ ni labi m-pii so yuuni 1978 piibu piibu ni.

Lamizan Gɔmnanti daa nyɛla din mali yɛlimuɣusirili n-zaŋ chaŋ tiŋgbani maa daabilim biɛhigu. O lala ŋɔ zuɣu, silimiingoli November ni yuuni 1980, Col. Saye Zerbo daa nyɛla ŋun ŋme m-paai Lamizana Gɔmnanti ka ʒim bi kpaai. Colonel Zerbo daa nyɛla ŋun kpa linjima nima laɣingu ni bɛ sɔŋsi ka bɛ tiŋgbani maa toon' tibo lahi labina.

Colonel Zerbo gba daa ti salo tibili ni bɛ zɔmi ka che trade unions, ka o gba daa nyɛ Maj. Dr. Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo ni daa ŋme m-paai so yuma ayi nyaanga nti pahi Council of Popular Salvation (CSP) yuuni 1982 Upper Voltan coup d'état. CSP daa nyɛla ŋun gba daa bi ti paati nima mini laɣinsi soli lala o saha ŋɔ di zaa yoli, o daa mali nia ni bɛ pa yi sooje Gɔmnanti ni ka lahi sabi constitution palli.^[28]^[29]

1983 Sooje Gɔmnanti

Zaba daa nyɛla din lu CSP nudirigu ni nuzaa polo zaa. Ŋun daa nyɛ kpem n-zaŋ ti nuzaa polo nima maa Capt. Thomas Sankara, daa nyɛla bɛ ni piigi so prime minister silimiingoli January ni, yuuni 1983, amaa ka pirinsi daa lahi kpɛhi o nuuni din nyaanga. Ŋun daa be tooni zaŋ chaŋ o faako bɔ n-ti n-daa nyɛ Capt. Blaise Compaoré, ka di gba daa lahi nyɛ din tahi sooje Gɔmnanti na silimiingoli August dabaanahi dali, yuuni 1983.

Sankara n-daa lee zuɣulana sooje Gɔmnanti gamo maani, ka o Gɔmnanti maa n-daa nyɛ din kpuɣi soya ni di zaŋ taɣibu nima na, ka di sɔchibi shɛŋa daa nyɛ; salo alaafee shɛriti chibbu , lɛbigimsim ya' mɛbu kpaŋsibu, paɣaba yubu kpaŋsibu ni yɛligibu, kpaŋsibu zaŋ kpa bilchiinim' ban nye pukpariba ni yiɣiri bindiri shɛŋa dibu tiŋgbaŋ maa puuni, nti pahi niŋsim sheŋa din yɛn gu' ka taɣi desertification^[30]

Burkina Faso (Tunm yuuni 1984)

Silimiingoli August dabaayi dali, yuuni 1984, kamani tiŋgbanzuɣulana Sankara's nianima ni, tiŋgbani maa yuli daa nyɛla din taɣi "Upper Volta" ni m-pa lee "Burkina Faso", bee , tiŋgbani shɛli din daabiligu mali aadalichi.^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34] tiŋgbanzuɣulantali zalikpana daa nyɛla National Assembly ni dihi bɛ nuu shɛli zuɣu Silimiingoli on August dabaanahi dali, yuuni 1984 ni.

Sankara's Gɔmnanti ŋɔ daa nyɛla din gbaai National Council for the Revolution (CNR – French: Conseil national révolutionnaire), Sankara n-daa nyɛ lala laɣinsi ŋɔ kpema, o daa lahi kpa laɣingu di yuli daa booni Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDRs). Lala n-nyɛ li ka laɣingu din yuli daa booni Pioneers of the Revolution bipola laɣingu la gba daa kpa.

Sankara daa yoogi o nianima zaŋ chaŋ socioeconomic tuma, ka o nia nyɛla o bɔrila taɣibu. So' shɛli o ni daa kpuɣi na n-daa nyɛ sochib' shɛli din gahim ka yi di ko ka so na bi niŋ li gbansabila tiŋgbani yaangi zuɣu.^[35] O tiŋduya ni polisi nima ŋɔ daa chaŋmi ti tam anti-imperialism zuɣu, ka o Gɔmnanti maa daa nyɛla din zaɣisiri tiŋduya ni sɔŋsim. O daa nyɛla ŋun zaŋdi o tiŋgbani mini di daarizichi zaa m-tumdi o lɛbiginsim tuma. Lala ka o daa zaɣisi laɣinsi shɛŋa bɛ ni boli International Monetary Fund (IMF) mini World Bank tuma o tingbanni. O yiŋ' dundɔŋ ni polisi nima shɛŋa n-daa nyɛ , sokam ni tooi zaŋdi o ya yɛltɔɣa n-kpe tiŋgbani maa luɣilikam, tiŋgbani ŋmaai ti ban ka yiko yoli, ziliji pala mini loorinima pala malibu, nti pahi o daa yihi paɣiba gunibu, ni paɣib gbaai ti doo nti pahi doo bɔmi paɣibɔbigu la zaa o saha maa tiŋgbani maa ni.^[35]^[36]

Sankara daa nyɛla ŋun kpaŋsi ni pugbarilim leegi tiŋ' maa laɣibɔbɔ sɔchib' kpeeni tiŋ' maa zaa ni ni tooi niŋ ka lahi du m-ba li. O daa lahi kpaŋsi salo daalaafee zuɣu pam, lala ŋɔ zuɣu, o daa che ka bɛ vaasinetiri bihi daa paai Miliyɔŋ dibaayi, ni tuhi kɔbisinu dinkuli yɛn niŋ ka ni gu ba ka che dɔriyɔya kamani meningitis, yellow fever, nti pahi measles.^[37] O tiŋgbani tuun' tumsa maa shɛli n-daa lahi nyɛ o daa sa tihi din kalinli daa naan kuli ni yaɣi Miliyɔŋ pia din kuli yɛn niŋ ka buɣim ni di shɛŋa maa zaa labi na Sahel yaha. Sankara daa lahi che ka tiŋkpaŋ kam mali ashibiti bili, ka daa lahi che ka tinsi daa paai Kɔbisita ni pihinu mɛ shikuriti ni bɛ maŋmaŋ yahi.^[38]^[39]

Yuma 1980s polo, di ni daa niŋ ka ninsalinima milinsi zaŋ chaŋ binvuhira polo daa bi yaɣi lala maa zuɣu, Sankara daa nyɛla gbansabila tiŋgbanzuɣulaannima puuni ŋun tuhri ka guri o tiŋgbani zaŋ chaŋ barinanima din saɣindi li polo. O daa nyɛla ŋun zabi zaba dibaata din daa nyɛ mɔnyɔbo tuhi kari zaba. O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun zabi dari ŋmahibu yiriyiriŋ zuɣu. Tihi daa paagi Miliyɔŋ pia o ni daa sa shɛbi chiri pia ni anahi sunsuuni Burkina Faso tiŋgbani ni. O ni daa yɛn niŋ shɛm n-tuhi dazɛti maa mini sanzal biɛri, Sankara daa nyɛla ŋun yɛli ni bɛ sa tihi ban mali dari kamani Kilomita pia ni anu yɛliŋ zaŋ gbaai tiŋgbani maa nudirigu mini di nuzaa zuɣu. Bɛ bɔmma daa nyɛla din daa kuli ni paai 1.1 billion tons poi ka yuuni 1983 paai, di daa lahi buɣisiya ni di ti ni paai 1.6 billion tons yuuni 1987. ha. Jean Ziegler, ŋun daa nyɛ bindira lahibali wuligibu kpeenkuro n-zaŋ ti UN daa yɛliya ni tiŋgbani '' pa nyɛla din maŋmaŋ bindirigu saɣiri li"^[40]

Compaoré Tingban zuɣulaan tali

Silimiigoli October biɛɣu pia ni anahi dali, yuuni 1987 ha, Sankara mini o nyaandoliba pia ni ayi daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa ŋme m-paai shɛb' gɔmnanti maa ni, linjimanima maa ni ŋun yuli daa booni Blaise Compaoré ŋun daa nyɛ o tumtumdi kpeenkurɔ la n-daa pa lee Burkina Faso's tiŋgbanzuɣulana. O daa nyɛla ŋun gbubi lala zuɣulaantali nam ŋɔ hali ni yuuni 2014.^[41] Coup ni daa naai, hali zilisigu ni daa wuhi Sankara lahi ka o nyɛvuli ni, CDRs ban laɣim linjimanima ban daa na che bɛ sooje tuma dabisa shɛŋa sunsuuni.^[42]^[43]^[44] Burkinabè salo daa nyɛla ban gbubi France's foreign ministry, din nyɛ Quai d'Orsay, daa nyɛla ban daa tim nuu Compaoré sooje gɔmnanti tali nasara dibu ŋɔ maa ni. Shɛhiranima daa wuhiya kamani France nima daa nyɛla ban tim nuu o coup maa ni.^[45]

Compaoré daa nyɛla ŋun wurim bɛ mini tingbani biɛhisi , di daa nyɛla daliri shɛli din che ka o niŋ coup maa zaɣi yini.^[46] O tiɛha daa nyɛlmi ni Sankara ŋun saɣindi bɛ mini tinduya ni biɛhigu ni o Kolonial ya kura yahi (France ni bɛ nyintaa tingbani Ivory Coast.^[47] coup ni daa kuli nai , Compaoré daa niŋla yomyom n yihi nationalizations la, ka daa lan yihi Sankara's polisi nim maa pam pahi, ka daa lan lɛbigi tiŋgbani maa IMF tiŋa, O kuli Sankara tuntumsa pam. Di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ daa gbai ni bɛ ni Coup yuuni 1989, Compaoré daa nyɛla ŋun zaŋ limited democratic na yuuni 1990. Tingbani zalikpana buku palli maa ni yuuni (1991) Compaoré daa nyɛla bɛ ni vooti so ka kpaɣaribu kani silimin gɔli December ni yuuni 1991.yuuni 1998 Compaoré daa lan dila piibu piibu maa tinhbani maa luɣulikam. Yuuni 2004, niribi pai ninvuɣu pinaata daa nyɛla ban lo nia ni bɛ ŋme m pai Compaoré namni, ban daa kpuɣi lala niya ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni kpehi shabi sarika shɛli sheela duu n ti lu n marigiba.^[48]

Yuuni 2000, tiŋgbani zali kpana buku ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni labi mali binshɛŋa di puuni, lala maliniŋ ŋɔ shee, bɛ daa nyɛla ban siɣisi zuɣulaantali namni niŋbu yuma la na n-ti zali yuma anu, ka lahi pahi ni buyi ko ka ninsali ni tooi di tiŋgbanzuɣulaantali nam maa. Di lala mali zali ŋɔ daa nyɛla din pili tuma yuuni 2005 piibu piibu ni. Di yi niŋ ka di yi di daa pun nyɛ din bɛni, di daa nyɛla din daa yɛn mɔŋ Compaoré tiŋgbanzuɣulaantali maa dibu yaha. Ban daa zani n-kpaɣari bɔri nam maa shɛbi daa nyɛla ban mali zilisigu ni kɔrinfɔhili ka Compaore zaŋ di nam maa. Amaa silimiingoli October ni, yuuni 2005 ni. Amaa ban be tiŋgbani maa zalikpana buku ŋɔ maa tuma yaɣi daa yɛliya ni di ni niŋ ka Compaor nyɛ ŋun be nam ni lala yuuni 2000 saha maa ka lala taɣibu ŋɔ niŋ maa, taɣibu maa pala din gbaagi o lala saha maa. Lala ŋɔ daa nyɛla din yooi soli ti o ni daa mali nia ni so deegi o yuuni 2005 piibu piibu la ni. Silimiingoli November biɛɣu pinaanu dali, yuuni 2005, o daa nyɛla ŋun kɔŋ nasara ka di daliri nyɛla yaɣa shɛŋa n-daa yina m-pahi o zuɣu.

Yuuni 2010 tiŋgbanzuɣulaantali piibu piibu ni, Compaoré daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa lahi vooti so. Daadam biɛlim 1.6 million Burkinabè nima n-daa vooti. Silimiingoli February ni, yuuni 2011, shikuru bili nyɛvuya kɔŋbu daa nyɛla din yiɣisi Burkinabè nima suhiri pam, ka bɛ daa yina yuuni 2011 n-ti wuhi bɛ sujee ni nyɛ shɛŋa tiŋgbani maa ni. Bɛ daa wuhi bɛ sujeei pam, soojenima gba daa wuhi bɛ sujee, ka kootu tuma yili nima gba daa sɔŋ bɛ alikaliminima tiŋa, ka kuli nyɔ nina zaya ni shee ka Compaoré's sɔŋ o tumani nɛma tiŋa. Ni yom ka o che ka soojenima pam pam ni ban zaa tumdi gɔmnanti tuma ni ka lahi che ka daabilim be yoli ka sokam ni tooi tum.^[49]^[50]^[51] Lala ŋɔ zuɣu, tiŋgbani maa gbubbu daa nyɛla din mali zali, ka ban tumdi gɔmnanti tuma yɔri du zuɣusaa.^[52]^[53] Silimiingoli April ni, yuuni 2011, soojenima daa nyɛla ban tɔ ayirimo, tiŋgbanzuɣulan' maa daa myɛla ŋun chief of staff tuun' tumdi pala, ka abiyankɔra daa nyɛ din niŋ yaɣili din yuli booni Ouagadougou ni.

Compaoré's gɔmnanti nyɛla din daa tumdi shaawara malibu tuma West-African nangbankpeeni nima ni nti pahiri yuuni 2010 hali ni yuuni 2011 Ivorian gamo ni, ni Togolese Dialogue (yuuni 2007), ni yuuni 2012 Malian. As of 2014^[update], Burkina Faso n-daa nyɛ tiŋgbani shɛli din lɛbiginsim labi nyaangi zaa ^[54]

Kafando Tingbani Zuɣulaan Tali

Silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pishi ni anu dala, yuuni 2014 ban daa bi za tingbani zuɣuani Compaore' nyaangi ti o ni gbubi tingbani maa sham maa daa nyɛla ban piligi ayirimo n tɔ hali ni Ouagadougou yaɣili. Ka ayimoŋo ni su jahi ŋɔ daa bi yina shɛla m pahila tingbani zuɣu lan mɔ ni daa kpuɣi nia ni o labi taɣi bɛ tingbani maani zalikkpana buku la ka di tirisi o yuun pishi ni apoin o tingbani zuɣu laantali la. Silimingoli On October biɛɣu pihita dali, ayirimo tɔribiŋɔ daa nyɛla ban niŋ buɣim dui bɛ jintɔribi jinaduu ka daa lan deegi bɛ national TV headquarters Ofiisila. .^[55] Ouagadougou International Airport daa nyɛla bɛ ni kpari shɛli zali, ka jintɔribi ban daa nyɛ bɛ ni gari shɛbi ni bɛ di vooti tingbani zalikpana buku maa taɣibu saɣibu vootin la. (Lala taɣibu ŋɔ dilan nyɛla din di yan ti tingbani zuɣulani Compaore' sɔli ka o di lan zani ni bɛ piigi o zuɣulani yaha yuuni 2015). Dabisili maa puuni, linjimnim daa nyɛla ban wurim Gomdanti tuun tumdiba tuma duri zaa ka lan niŋ abiyakɔra yaha. ^[56]

Silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pihita ni yini dali, yuuni 2014 ni, tingbani zuɣulan Compaoré daa nyɛla ŋun sɔŋ o tuma daalikelimi tiŋa.^[57] Lt. Col. Isaac Zida daa yɛliya ni o gbubi tingbani maa lala saha ŋɔ hali ka yuuni 2015 tingbani zuɣulaan tali piibu piibu ti paai na, amaa niribi pam daa bahi zɔrila dabiɛm ni o mini tingbani zuɣulaan Kuro maa ni niŋ ningbana ni tabi sham maa.^[58] Silimin gɔli November ni, yuuni 2014, paati shabi bandaa ka nam ni, civil-society laginsi, n ti pahi adiini gbamba daa nyɛla ban zaŋ bɛ zuɣuri n gbaɣili taba n gbaai gbaabu shɛli din nayan gbubi Burkina Faso hali ka piibu piibu ti paai.^[59] Bɛ gbaabu maa puuni, Michel Kafando daa na nyɛla ŋun leei tingbani zuɣulana ka Lt. Col. Zida mi lee acting Prime Minister mini Defense Minister.

Silimin gɔli September biɛɣu pinaayɔbu dali, yuuni 2015, ban daa nyɛ Regiment of Presidential Security (RSP) daa nyɛla ban yina ni coup d'état, n daa fa tingbani zuɣulaan tali maa mini prime minister tali maa, ka daa yɛli ni bɛ bɔrila, National Council for Democracy .^[60]Tɔ, silimin gɔli September ni, yuuni 2015, ŋundaa nyɛ toon dani nti ban daa gbai coup ŋɔ , Gilbert Diendéré, daa nyɛla ŋun tim sandaani ka yɛli ni o ni labisi civilian gomdanti na .^[61] silimin gɔli September biɛɣu pishi ni ata dali, yuuni 2015 prime minister la mini tingbani zuɣu lanla daa nyɛla bɛ ni labisi shɛbi nama n ti ba.^[62]

Kaboré Tingbani Zuɣulaan Tali Mini Jihadist insurgency (2015–2023)

Tingbani maani zaa piibu piibu daa nyɛla din niŋ silimin gɔli November biɛɣu pinaawai dali yuuni 2015. Roch Marc Christian Kaboré n daa di nasara tuuli, kɔbigi puuni, o ni daa nyɛ daadam biɛlim shɛbi tiŋmaa salo ni zaa daa yisila vaabu 53.5% . O daa luhila Zéphirin Diabré, ŋun gba daa mali vaabu 29.7% kɔbigi puuni tiŋmaa salo puuni.^[63] Kaboré daa nyɛla ŋun popɔri ka ʒini gbana duɣu silimin gɔli December biɛɣu pishi ni awai dali yuuni 2015.^[64] Kaboré daa lan nyɛla ŋundaa lan di tingbani zuɣulaan tali maa yaha silimingoli elected in the November biɛɣu pishi ni ayi dali, yuuni 2020, amaa apaati din yuli daa booni Mouvement du Peuple pour le Progrès (MPP) la , daa nyɛla din bi di jintɔri tali polo maa pam. Di daa nyɛla din di kuɣusi pihinu ni ayɔbu kuɣusi kɔbigu ni pishi ni ayopoin ni. Congress for Democracy mini Progress (CDP), tingbani zuɣu laan Kuro Blaise Compaoré, paati la n daa dɔni buyi zuɣu kamali kuɣusi pishi. ^[65]

Jihadist insurgency daa nyɛla din pili silimin gɔli August ni yuuni 2015, Islamist insurgency in the Sahel yaɣi shɛŋani . Binshaɣu din daa gbai silimin gɔli August ni yuuni 2015 mini silimin gɔli October ni yuuni 2016 sunsuuni, yaɣa paagi yaɣa ayɔpoin ka bɛ daa liri.^[66]^[67] Silimin gɔli January biɛɣu pinaanu dali, yuuni 2016 ni, terrorists daa nyɛla ban liri tingbani maa tiŋzuɣu shɛli bɛ ni Ouagadougou la, n daa ku ninvuɣu pihita ni. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb mini Al-Mourabitoune, daa nyɛla ban tundi bɛ tuma di nyintaa tingbani Mali ni, n daa zaŋ lala liribuŋɔ n ŋme bɛ mamaŋ nyɔɣuni.

Yuuni 2016, lilibu liribu maa daa nyɛla din pahi, di ni daa niŋ ka bibiɛhi laɣin palli yuli daa booni Ansarul Islam, in toon dani daa nyɛ imam Ibrahim Malam Dicko ni daa kpa.^[68]^[69] Di liribu zaa nini daa kuli kpala Soum province^[68]^[70] ni, ka didaa ku salo pam bɛ ni daa liri Nassoumbou la silimin gɔli December biɛɣu pinaayɔbu dali.^[71]

Binshaɣu din gbai silimin gɔli March ni hali ni silimin gɔli April ni, yuuni 2017 ni, Gomdanti nim n ti Mali, France, ni Burkina Faso daa nyɛla ban kpa laɣingu shɛli ka piiyuli bolli ni "Operation Panga", din mali linjima nim ban kalinli daa pai tuhili ni pihita tinsaata maa puu, ka bɛ daa be Fhero Forest, ni m miri Burkina Faso-Mali tinŋtarisi, considered a sanctuary for Ansarul Islam.^[72]^[73] Ansarul Islam, toon dani Ibrahim Malam Dicko, daa nyɛla bɛ ni ku so silimin gɔli June ni yuuni 2017 ni, ka Jafar Dicko daa pa leegi toondana .^[74]

Silimin gɔli March dabaayi dali yuuni 2018 ni, Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin daa nyɛla ŋun liri French embassy ŋun daa be Ouagadougou ni la, n ti pahi tuntumdibi ban yuli daa booni Burkinabè sooje nima la zaa. Sooje nima maa nii mini ban daa liri ba maa gba niribaa anij daa nyɛla bɛ ni ku shaba, ka sooje nim pihiyɔbu nti pahi civilians pishi ni anahi daa nya dansi.^[75] Bandaa be lala niŋsim ŋɔ ni daa nyɛla ban yɛligi hali tingbani maa nudirigu polo zaa.^[76]^[77]^[78]^[79]^[80] ni silimin gɔli October piligu ha, Burkina Faso sooje nim daa nyɛla ban yooi sooje tali vihigu tingbani maa nudirigu yaɣili , ka French sooje nim daa t nuu.^[81]^[82]^[83] Human Rights Watch nima nolini, binishɛɣu din gbai yuuni 2018 sunsuuni hali ni silimin gɔli February ni yuuni 2019 ni, niribi yi kuli bi galisi zaa amaa jihadists ni daa kuli ku nin sali nim shɛba daa nain paai ninvuɣu pihinahi ni yini, ka salo ban gba daa nain pai kɔbigi ni pinaayɔbu ka nyɛ Fula ni civilians daa nyɛla sooje nima ŋɔ ni ku shaba ka daa bi vihi.^[84] Lala liribu liribu ŋɔ nyɛla din daa du gaa pam yuuni 2019 ni. Bɛ daa mi shɛbi ACLED la nolini, sooje nima nin'yarilim Burkina Faso tingbani daa nyɛla din du hali ni 174% yuuni 2019 ni, ka sivilians daa ku paai tuhili ni kɔbisita n kpi , ka pam daa kuli bargi bee n kpe yɔɣu daa paai miliyɔŋ kɔbisi nii ni pihiyɔbu .^[85] Bɛ ni daa mi shɛba Jihadist gba daa piligiya n liriti dolodolo yisa nima konko.^[86]^[87]^[88]^[89]

Silimin gɔli July dabaa anii dali yuuni 2020 puli ni, United States nima daa nyɛla ban daa mali nuu tumbu zaŋ chaŋ Human Rights Watch polo, vihigu daa yina wuhi ni bɛ ni kuli laɣin sɔɣi shɛba luɣu yini ni daa paai kɔbigi ni pihi nii, ka di nyɛla northern Burkina Faso yaɣili ka bɛ daa nya ba , luɣu shɛli sooje nima mini jihadists ni daa zabiri la.^[90] Silimin gɔli June dabaa anahi dali yuuni 2021 puli ni, lahi bali wuligibu yaɣili nima daa yini ti yɛli, ni Burkina Faso Gomdanti daa yɛli , ni bidiba ban gbubi malifanima daa nyɛla ban kuli ku salo daa naain paai kɔbiga tinkpaŋ yuli daa booni Solhan m be northern Burkina Faso din miri Niger tintarigila. Tinkpaŋ dahi ti pahi ya pam daa nyɛla binshɛŋa din gba daa di buɣuma pam. Ninvuɣu so ŋun yari n tiri Gomdanti daa nyɛla ŋun galim ka feegi jihadists nima ŋɔ.Heni Nsaibia ŋun daa nyɛ vihigu vihigu kpema n zaŋti Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project daa yɛliya ni kpiimba yuya ka bɛ kuli sabira Burkina Faso ni, ni tum saha shɛli bɛ ni pili jihadist insurgency maa.^[91]

Binshɛɣu din gbaai silimin gɔli June dabaa anahi n ti gbaai di dabaanu dali yuuni 2021 ni, bɛ ni daa bi mi sooje shɛba yɛla daa nyɛla ban daa kpe tinsi yuya booni Solhan mini Tadaryat ni, nti ku niribi paai kɔbigi ni pihi yɔbu. Jihadists nima ŋɔ daa kuli ninvuɣu pihi nii Gorgadji tingbani ni silimin gɔli August biɛɣu pishi dali .^[92] Silimin gɔli November biɛɣu pia ni anahi dali, Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin daa nyɛla ban liri sooje nima Inata ni, n daa ku sooje nima pihinu ni ata, dini n daa nyɛ sooje nima pam ni kɔŋ bɛ nyɛvuya pam Burkinabe linjimanima ni, saha shɛli lala tɔbu ŋɔ ni daa niŋda, sooje kpeen so bɛ ni daa mi ni morale la daa nyɛla ŋun barigi tingbani maa puuni.^[93] silimin gɔli December ni, bɛ daa mi shaba Islamists la daa nyɛla ban ku ninvuɣu pihinahi ni yini n ti pahi kpeen so ŋun yuli daa booni Ladji Yoro la. Yoro daa nyɛla ninkpɛŋ ban daa kuli zaŋ bɛ nyɛvuya mpatalima ni bɛ tuhi fa bɛ tingbani zali .^[94]

Yuuni 2023 ni, saha biɛla nyaanga bɛ ni daa ku Catholic priest bɛ ni mi so ni bishop of Dori, Laurent Dabiré, daa nyɛla ŋun niŋ vihigu n ti pahi Catholic charity Aid to the Church in Need daa yɛliya bɛ vihigu maa puuni, ni kɔbigi puuni tingbani maa daadam biɛlim ban daa be Islamists nima nuuni daa nyɛla ban pai vaabu pihinu .^[95]

2022 Sooje Gomdanti

maŋsulinsi tiŋgbani, landlocked country, tingbani
Pahi la	West Africa
Di pilli ni	1960
Yu'maŋli	Burkĩna Faso, Burkina Faso
Zuliya wuhibu	Burkina Faso
Yɛltɔɣa din nyɛ tuma ni dini	Mooré, Bissa, Dioula
Tiŋgbani silima	Une Seule Nuit
Kali	culture of Burkina Faso
Taachi sabbu	Unity–Progress–Justice, Единство - прогрес - справедливост, Unité–Progrès–Justice, Unidad–Progreso–Justicia, Undod – Cynnydd – Cyfiawnder
Dunia yaɣili	Africa
Tiŋa	Burkina Faso
Tinzuɣu	Ouagadougou
Wakati luɣili	UTC±00:00, Africa/Ouagadougou
Located in/on physical feature	West Africa
Tiŋgbaŋ yaɣili calinli	12°16′0″N 2°4′0″W
Coordinates of easternmost point	11°54′1″N 2°24′15″E
Coordinates of northernmost point	15°4′48″N 0°28′12″W
Coordinates of southernmost point	9°24′39″N 2°46′3″W
Coordinates of westernmost point	10°25′51″N 5°30′47″W
Highest point	Mount Tenakourou
Lowest point	Black Volta
Din nyɛ gɔmnanti nyolini	republic, military junta
Office held by head of state	President of Burkina Faso, military leader
Tiŋgban zuɣ'lana	Ibrahim Traoré
Office held by head of government	Prime Minister of Burkina Faso
Tiŋgbani zuɣ'lana	Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla
Kpamba yaɣili	Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration
Loo zalibu yaɣa	National Assembly of Burkina Faso
Central bank	Central Bank of West African States
Tingbani liɣiri	West African CFA franc
Yaɣa din laɣim taba	Allier, Bacău, Konan
Duhubu yaɣili	right
Niɣilim buɣum polo puloku balishɛli	Europlug, Type E
Taɣi	Republic of Upper Volta, French West Africa, Emirate of Liptako
Ŋun bɔhim ŋa nyɛ	Burkina Faso studies
Lahabaya dundɔŋ din mali dihitabili	https://www.gouvernement.gov.bf/accueil
Hasitagi	BurkinaFaso
Top-level Internet domain	.bf
Tuuta	flag of Burkina Faso
Coat of arms	coat of arms of Burkina Faso
Geography of topic	geography of Burkina Faso
Nahingbaŋ	partly free country
Taarihi bachikpani dalinli	history of Burkina Faso
Open data portal	Open Data Burkina Faso
Economy of topic	economy of Burkina Faso
Demographics of topic	demographics of Burkina Faso
Mobile country code	613
Tiŋgbani boligu zalikpana	+226
Zuɣusaa zuɣusaa tangalimia lamba	112, 17, 18
Lansisi plati koodi	BF
Maritime lamba kalinli	633
Unicode bachinima	🇧🇫
Category for maps or plans	Category:Maps of Burkina Faso

Bɛ ni daa di nasara silimin gɔli January biɛɣu pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 2022 coup maani, sooje shabi ban daa gbai coup mo daa nyɛla bɛ ni gbahi shabi n kpari, ka daa yeegi Roch Marc Christian Kaboré tingbani zuɣulana tali kparigu ni malifa buɣim.^[96] Paati shɛli bɛ ni daa mi ni Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (MPSR) sooje nima ni daa za shɛli nyaanga la daa nyɛla ban zaŋ bɛ maŋ niŋ namni,^[97]^[98]ka di toon dani daa nyɛ Lieutenant Colonel Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba.^[99] Silimin gɔli January biɛɣu pihita ni yini dali, sooje nima Gomdanti maa daa nyɛla ban labisi tingbani maa zalikpana buku la na, ka piigi Damiba interim tingbani zuɣulana . Coup maa ni daa kuli naai, laɣingu shɛli bɛ ni mi ECOWAS la mini African Union daa nyɛla ban na yihi Burkina Faso' bɛ niriba ni.Silimin gɔli February biɛɣu pia dali, tingbani zalikpana buku tuma yili nima maa daa che ka Damiba leegi tingbani zuɣulana.^[100] O daa nyɛla ŋun po pɔri ka ʒini o nam kuɣu zuɣu silimin gɔli February biɛgu pia ni ayɔbu dali.^[101] Silimin gɔli March dahin yini dali, yuuni 2022 puli ni, sooje nima ŋɔ daa saɣiti ni sooje Gomdanti maa yen niŋla yumaa ata nam puuni. .^[102] Bɛ daa lan pahiya ni sooje nima maa yuma maa yi paai, ni piibu piibu n yen tuɣi.^[103] zuɣulaan Kaboré, ŋun daa nyɛ bɛ ni gbaai so la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa yooi so bahi silimin gɔli April dabaa ayɔbu dali yuuni 2022 puli ni.^[104]

Alobo ŋɔ daa nyɛla din tuɣi n doli coup maa tingbani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihiyɔbu n daa nyɛ din zaa be Gomdanti sulinsi ni.^[105] Siege of Djibo la daa nyɛla din pili silimin gɔli February ni yuuni 2022 puuni^[106]^[107] n mali hali ni silimin gɔli June yuuni 2023 puuni.^[108]^[109] Daadam bilima ban kalinli daa be kɔbiga mini kɔbiga ni pihiyɔbu ni anu sunsuuni daa nyɛla bɛ ni di shɛba nyavuya Seytenga Department, Séno Province bin din gbaai silimin gɔli June biɛɣu pia ni ayi hali ni biɛɣu pia ni ata dali ka niriba ban kalinli daa paai 16,000 mi daa zo n yi ka che bɛ yinsi.^[110]^[111] Bɛ daa ti Gomdanti tibili silimin gɔli June ni yuuni 2023 puuni ni di kpa "military zones", ka civilians daa nyɛ bɛ ni yɛli shɛba ni bɛ na cheli tuma din ni tooi che ka tingbani maa sooje nima n ti pahi waachimana nima ni tooi tuhi aluuta tumdibi maa ka binshɛli kani n taɣiriba".^[112]^[113]

Silimin gɔli September biɛɣu pihita dali , Damiba daa nyɛla sooje nima ni ŋme n paai so, Ibrahim Traori n daa nyɛ sooje nima ŋɔ toondana.^[114]^[115] Niŋsim ŋɔ daa nyɛla din niŋ chira anii saha Damiba ni daa ʒini nam kuɣu zuɣu. Daliri shɛli din daa che ka Traoré daa niŋ coup d'état ŋɔ nyɛla Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba ni daa kɔŋ yiko ni o mali Islamist insurgency ni la zali bɛ zaasheela.^[116] Damiba daa nyɛla ŋun sɔŋ o tuma ni niɛma tiŋa ka daa yi tingbani maa puuni.^[117] Silimin gɔli October dabaa ayɔbu dali yuuni 2022 puuni, Captain Ibrahim Traoré n daa nyɛ bɛ ni piigi so ni o leegi tingbani zuɣulana ^[118] Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla daa nyɛla bɛ ni piigi so ni o na lɛbi Prime Minister silimin gɔli October biɛɣu pia ni yini dali yuuni 2022 puuni .^[119]

Silimin gɔli April biɛɣu pia ni yini dali yuuni 2023 puuni, yɛlikadizani nima ban daa be Burkina Faso daa nyɛla ban gbaai ni bɛ laɣim n sɔŋ tingbani maa bɛ yaazaa, din kuli yan niŋ ka bɛ tuhi nyaŋ bi'biɛlim ka kpa "legal framework n-ti niŋsim kam din daa yan niŋ'' m miligi ka che bi'biɛlim. Binshɛɣu din gbaai civilian nima pihi yɔbu ni kɔbigi ni pihinu ni ayɔbu daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa ku shɛba.^[120]^[121]^[122]^[123]

Gomdanti tali

Silimin gɔli June dabaa ayi dali, yuuni 1991 tingbani maa zalikpana buku daa nyɛla din nam semi-presidential Gomdanti . Tingbani maa ni daa piibu piibu n pii tingbani zuɣulana so ŋun daa zaŋ o zaashee tingbani maa puuni n daa wurim bɛ jintɔribi jinaduu. Yuuni 2000 puuni, tingbani maa zalikpana buku maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni mali binshɛŋa zali din ni ka di taɣi tingbani zuɣulana nam ni niŋbu yuma maa labina yuma anu ni, ka tingbani zuɣulana kam ti la soli ni o tooi lɛbi tingbani zuɣulana buyi konko, din kuli yen niŋ ka di gu ka che bɛ kuli piiri ninvuɣu yino saha kam yuuni 2005 .

Jinaduu maa daa nyɛla din mali one chamber din yuli daa booni National Assembly, di daa nyɛla din mali kuɣusi kɔbigi ni pia ni yini, ka jintɔriba maa daa nyɛla ban yan niŋ yuma anu bɛ jintɔritali nam ni. constitutional chamber gba daa nyɛla din bɛni, di gba daa nyɛla din mali ninvuɣu pia , n ti pahi economic mini social council nim bantuma daa nyɛ shaawara gbaabu. Yuuni 1991 tingbani zalikpana buku maa daa nyɛla din zaŋ bicameral jintɔritali na , amaa ka upper house (Chamber of Representatives) daa wurim li yuuni 2002 puuni.

Compaoré gomdanti maa daa nyɛla din tum hali n-ti decentralize power n daa zaŋ o yaa maa shɛŋa n ti Rigin nima mini Minisipali nima . Bɛ ni wali tabi shɛm maa daa nyɛla din daa che ka pirinsi nina daa bi lan tiɣi taba, dama bɛ ni daa bi tooi che ka sokam kanna ni chɔɣino la din daa niŋ lala so'chibigi ŋɔ maa tuma tɔm. Ansarisi maanibi daa nyɛla ban bolli ni hybrid decentralisation.^[124]

Political freedoms nyɛla din kuli zaɣisi zaa Burkina Faso tingbani. Human rights organizations nim nyɛla ban galim ka feegi Compaoré Gomdanti ka di nyɛla biɛhi shɛga din nyɛ bihi yɔya shɛga nribi ni zaŋdi n niŋ di lahi bali wuligiribi mini politiisa nim shɛba la.^[125]^[126]

prime minister maa n nyɛ Gomdanti tuntumdi kpema ka tingbani zuɣulanai piirɔ ka National Assembly nim mi saɣiritiri o piibu maa. Di nyɛla talahi ʒi o zuɣu ni o tiriti wuhiri tingbani zuɣulana ninvuɣu shɛbi o nin ni tiɣi ka bɛ ni tooi tum cabinet tuma tingbani maa ni.^[127]

Tingbani zalikpana buku (constitution )

Yuuni 2015 ni , Kaboré daa gbaagi alikawuli ni o ni labi lihi mali yuuni 1991 tingbani zalikpana buku n niŋ. Lala maliniŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla din daa nai yuuni 2018 ni. Zalikpani yini n daa taɣiri tingbani zuɣulani kam ka o ku tooi be nan ni m paai yuun piya m pa taba bee n walitaba, ka lan wuhi soshɛli bini ni tooi doli n yihi tingbani zuɣulani nam ni di yi niŋ ka o tum birigi zali ka vootim mi na bi paai na. Piibu piibu shɛli din nyɛ iin bee iinhi tingbani zalikpana buku ni daa zali shɛli Fifth Republic daa nyɛla din daa tirisi zali silimingoli March bɛɣu pishi ni anahi dali yuuni 2019 ni.^[128]

Salinima yubu shɛŋa daa nyɛla din daa yihi lala bɛ taɣibu maani bɛ yubu kamanikonyuri suŋ nyan nyu, ya maŋa mɛbu, n ti pahi recognition of the right to civil disobedience, ŋmahima kamani;. Lala iin bee iinhi piibu piibu maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛlina ka di daliri nyɛla di ni daa niŋ ka jina duu jintɔribi la daa zaɣisi ni bi darigi bɛ ni daa zaŋ farigu shɛli lana la tibili.

Di ni daa doli silimin gɔli January ni yuuni 2022 coup d'état, sooje nima maa daa nyɛla ban daa wurim bɛ jinitɔbu shɛɛmaa, Gomdanti maa n ti pahi tingbani maa zalikpana buku maa. .^[129] Silimin gɔli January biɛɣu pihita ni yini dali, sooje Gomdanti maa daa nyɛla ŋun labisi tingbani maa zalikpana buku maa na, amaa di daa nyɛla din daa lan kuŋ tuma di ni daa niŋ ka silimin gɔli September ni yuuni 2022 coup d'état la daa niŋ.^[130]

Bɛ mini tinduya nima biɛhisi

Burkina Faso nyɛla tinŋshɛli din be G5 Sahel, Community of Sahel–Saharan States, La Francophonie, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, laɣinsi ŋɔ ni n-ti pahi United Nations laɣingu ni. Saha ŋɔ, di nyɛla bɛ ni na yihi shɛba ECOWAS mini African Union laɣinsi ŋɔ ni.

Linjima Yaɣila

Tingbani maa linjima nima ban paai tusaayɔbu ban zaa nyɛ bidibisi, ka di nyɛla bɛ kuli bɔhila bɛ suhiri ni bi tumti tingbani maa yɔli. Ban daa kuli yina ni bi na tum ti tingbani maa saha bɛli sunsuuni daa nyɛla ban yuma gbai pishi ni anu zaŋ chaŋ pihita ni anu polo ka bɛ zaa nyɛ bɛ ni wunsi shabi linjima mini ŋun pa linjima tuma zaani. Jane's Sentinel Country Risk Assessment yɛliya, ni Burkina Faso's linjima nim nyɛla ban lihi ʒim bɛ sooje tali yaa domi bɛ ka linjima tali niɛn' nima, amaa bɛ mali Gbaɣino matuka bini din tuɣiri tɔbu (Armour-trucks), Ka lahi nye ban mali baŋsim zaŋkpa zaba zabbu polo din niŋ ka bɛ tooi zooi ka bɛ timdi Liberia ni gbaŋsabila tiŋgbaŋ shɛŋa din gba pahi, nuu di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ mini shɛba mali zabli.^[131]

Di yi kana bɛ shili malibu ni bɛ linjima niɛn' bɔra polo, Burkina Faso malla baɣaka' ni linjin' shɛba ban kuli nye tiŋgbaŋ maa linjinimanima zaŋ kpa bɛ élite Regiment of Presidential Security (French: Régiment de la Sécurité Présidentielle – RSP). Vihi' shɛŋa gba wuhiya ni yuun' shɛŋa din gari ŋɔ ni, ni tiŋgbani maa linjima daa malla nye nyɔnigu Ka kpa bɛ yɔri zalisi ŋan pahi bɛ tuma maa tumbu polo. ^[132] Tiŋgbani maa mali linjima ban su' zuɣisaa fukumsi, ka di mali matuka yiɣira ban kalinli yiɣisi pishi yini ka', amaa di ka linjima ban su' kɔma fukumsi domi Tiŋgbani maa ka kul'bɔna shɛŋa dimba ni yen doli ŋa n- kpena Tiŋgbani maani n-ti tuɣiba. Linjima yaɣili ni su' vaabu shɛli kɔbgu puuni zaŋ kpa Tiŋgbani maa nyemma polo (GDP) nyɛla yini bii tɔb' yim ni ayi (1.2).

Zalisi Dolibu Kpaŋsibu Yaɣili

Burkina Faso kpuɣila pirinsi mini lingima nima ban galisi pam, Bɛ daa nyɛla ban niŋ generally modeled French police ni daa mali laɣinshɛŋa la nyaanga. France nyɛla ban na kuli tiri pirinsi ŋɔ mini linjima nim sɔŋsim mini bɛ tuma ŋɔ wuhibu faɣafaɣa. Gendarmerie Nationale nyɛla bɛ ni kpa shɛli n doli sooje tali tuma ni, ka pirinsi pam nyɛ pam kpaŋmaŋ nyɛ din du saazuɣu. Gendarmerie nyɛla din tumdi ka Minister of Defence nuupadi zuɣu, ka di tumtumdibi ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni kpuɣu shabi tingbani maa tinkpaŋ shaŋa din be di tintarisi la ni.^[133]

municipal police force nima gba nyɛla Ministry of Territorial Administration ni mali shabi di sulinsi ni, ka national police force gba nyɛ din be Ministry of Security sulinsi ni, ka yahinim shɛba bɛ ni mi Regiment of Presidential Security (Régiment de la Sécurité Présidentielle, or RSP), a 'palace guard' nim la , nyɛla ban gba zaŋ bɛ maŋa niŋ tingbani zuɣulani maa gulibuni . gendarmerie nima maa mini national police nim maa lan nyɛla ban pirigi bɛ maŋ buyi n nyɛ; administrative mini judicial police tumayili tima.^[133]

Tinŋduya ni daadam biɛlim zaa mini tingbani maa ni bilichini nim zaa nyɛla din ʒi shabi zuɣu talahi ni bɛ chani ka ʒiri bɛ photo ID passports, bee binshagi shɛli bɛ ni tooi kuli gbubi ka so nya o ka baŋ ni tingbani maani niri n nyɛ o bee din kuli yan ni ka barina ku pai ba, lala n nyɛli ka , police spot identity checks gba nyɛ din niŋ talahi n ti daadam shaba ban kpɛri auto, bush-taxi, bee boosu nima n gɔra.^[134]^[135]

Administrative Walibuwalibu

Tingbani maa nyɛla din pigiri administrative regions pinaa'ta.Lala rijin nimŋɔ nyɛla din gbai provinces pihi nahi ni ata n ti pahi departments kɔbisita ni yini.Rijin kam nyɛla din be Gomdanti sulisi ni.

8th to 18th centuries Taarihi

Di na nyɛla nan gban kpeeni zaŋ chaŋ din niŋ sham ni saha shɛli Burkina Faso's zuliya nim maa ni kpe Burikina tingbani maani na saha shɛli. Proto-Mossi nyɛla ba daa paaina zɔŋɔ bɛ ni mi shɛli Burkina Faso tingbani nu dirigu zuɣu. zaŋ ti gbai yuuni 8th hali ni 11th centuries saha, ^[136] Bɛ daa nyɛla ban saɣi ti Musulinsi adiini yuuni Islam 11th century polo, ka Samo nim la gba paai na yuuni 15th century polo ,^[137] ka Dogon ban be Burkina Faso's north mini northwest yaɣa zaŋ ti gbaigi kamani yuuni 15th bee 16th centuries^[138] n ti pahi zuliya nim pam ban zaa be tiŋmaa tingban ni zaa nyɛla ban daa paai na lala saha ŋɔ.

The cavalry of the Mossi Kingdoms were experts at raiding deep into enemy territory, even against the formidable Mali Empire.

Middle Ages saha , Mohi maa daa kpala nazuɣuri pam m pahi kamani ;Tenkodogo, Yatenga, Zandoma, ni Ouagadougou.^[139] Saha shɛli kamani yuuni 1328 hali ni yuuni 1338 polo, Mohi bidibsi bee tɛbi tuhiribi daa nyɛla ban lo tɔbu n liri Timbuktu amaa Sonni Ali ŋun be Songhai daa nyɛla ŋun che ka Mohiŋɔ bi nyɛ nasara Kobi tɔbu dindaa tuhi Mali ni yuuni 1483.^[140]

16th century piligu ha , bɛ ni mi shɛbi ni Songhai daa nyɛla ban kpa daba kɔhima ni damma daa bilim luɣu shɛli bɛ ni pa mi zɔŋɔ Burkina Faso la ni .^[137] 18th century saha,Gwiriko Empire nazuɣu daa nyɛla bɛ ni kpa shɛli Bobo Dioulasso tingban ni , n ti pahi zuliya nim kamani Dyan, Lobi, n ti pahi Birifor daa nyɛla ban ʒini Black Volta yaɣili.^[141]

Bala din be Burikina Faso

Tɛmplet:Bar box

Burkina Faso nyɛla tingbani shɛla din mali bali bɔbiga. working languages bɛ mali bali shɛŋa yɛltɔɣa n tumdi tuma bɛ tuma shɛhi n nyɛ French, din daa kana ni saha shɛli bɛ ni daa na be gbanpiɛla Nuuni la, ŋa mini Englishn daa nyɛli .^[142] Silimin gɔli December ni yuuni 2023 puuni, dini daa niŋ ka nan gbankpeeni kana Burkina Faso mini French Gomdanti sunsuuni, Burkina Faso Gomdanti daa yimina n ti yɛli ni o yan labigila bɛ tingbani maa ni bala kamani (Mooré, Bissa, Dioula, Fula) ka di salo zaa pa zaŋdili tumdi tuma tingbani maa luɣilikam kamani bɛ ni daa pun zaŋdi French n tumdi tuma shamla.^[143] Silimin gɔli January ni, yuuni 2024, French daa nyɛla bɛ ni yihi shɛli ka di lan pa tingbani maa ni talihi balli , amaa ka di lee kuli nyɛla dintumdi tuma tuma shɛhi di mini English amaa ka ni bɛ ni naa pun yɛrili sham maa..^[144] Bɛ ni mali laasabu, bali shɛŋa din be tingbani maa puuni kalinli paai bala pihiyɔbu ka ŋa nim zaa nyɛ ,^[145] indigenous bala. Mohili n nyɛla bali shɛli salo maa pam ni yara Burkina Faso tingbani, di nyɛla bali shɛla ban yɛrili ni paai kamanl tiŋ maa daadam biɛlim pirigili, ka bɛ nyɛ ban zoogi pam ka be central region zaŋ chaŋ capital, Ouagadougou polo.

Ti yi lihi yuuni 2006 census, bali shɛŋa di daa kuli nyɛ salo ni zaŋdi shɛli n diri fiila saha kam Burikina tingbani maani daa kuli nyɛla Mohili din daa vaagi vaabu 40.5 kobigi puuni daadam biɛlim maani, ni Fula din gba daa vaai vaabu 9.3 kobigi puuni , ni Gourmanché din gbadaa vaai vaabu 6.1% kubigi puuni ni Bambara dingba daa vaai vaabu 4.9 kɔbigi puuni ni Bissa din gba daa vaai vaabu 3.2 kɔbigi puuni ni Bwamu di gba daa vaai vaabu 2.1 kobogi puuni ni Dagara di gba daa vaai vaabu 2 kobigi puuni, ni San din gba daa vaai vaabu 1.9 kɔbigi puuni, ni Lobiri dingba daa vaai vaabu 1.8 kɔbigi puuni , ni Lyélé din gba daa vaai vaabu 1.7 kɔbigi puuni, Bobo mini Sénoufo din daa vaai vaabu 1.4 kɔbigi puuni di zaɣi yini kam, ni Nuni din daa vaai vaabu 1.2 kɔbigi puuni, ni Dafing din daa vaai vaabu 1.1 kɔbigi puuni, ni Tamasheq din daa vaai vaabu yini kɔbigi puuni , ni Kassem by 0.7%, Gouin by 0.4%, Dogon, Songhai, and Gourounsi by 0.3% each, Ko, Koussassé, Sembla, mini Siamou din zaa daa vaai vaabu 0.1 yinikam kɔbigi puuni, ni national languages din gba daa vaai vaabu 5 kɔbigi puuni ni African languages dingba daa vaai vaabu 0.2% kɔbigi puuni , ni French (the official language) din gba daa vaai vaabu 1.3 kɔbigi puuni n ti pahi non-indigenous languages din gba daa vaai vaabu 0.1 kɔbigi puuni tiŋa maa daadam biɛlim galisim puuni.^[146]

Burikina nuzaa polo, Mandé bala n nyɛla salo pam ni yɛri shɛŋa, ka din zooi pam salo nɔlini nyɛ Dioula (bɛ ni lahi mi shɛli ni Jula bee Dyula la ), din pahi pahi n nyɛ Bobo, Samo n ti pahi Marka. Fula nyɛla bali shɛla di du gaa pam di yɛlibu polo di bahi bahindi Burikina tingbani wulin puhili polo .Gourmanché balli ŋɔ gba nyɛla salo pam ni yɛra Burikina tingbani nu dirigu zuɣu polo ka Bissa gba nyɛ salo pam ni yɛri shɛli Burikina tingbani wulin luhili polo.

Adiini shɛŋa din be Burikina Faso

Burikina Faso Gɔmnanti ninsal' biɛlim kalinli vihigu din daa niŋ yuuni 2019 daa wuhiya ni ninsal' biɛlim ban vaaibu yiɣisi 63.8 kɔbigi puuni n-nyɛ Musulinima, amaa ka ban kuli galisi bɛ puuni nyɛla musulim' shɛba bɛ ni booni Sunnanima la, ka bɛ bɛla n-ŋɔ mi nyɛ bɛ ni mi shɛba shiiɣania la. Amaa ka Sunnanima maa pam kuli lahi nyɛla ban dalim yaɣishɛli bɛ ni boli Tiijaaniya la.

Ninsal' biɛlim kalinli vihigu din daa niŋ yuuni 2019 ŋɔ daa lahi wuhi ni nisal' biɛlim ban vaaibu yiɣisi 26.3 kɔbigi puuni nyɛ dolodolonima. Lala kalinli ŋɔ puuni vaaibu 20.1 kɔbigi puuni nyɛla Roman catholic, ka vaaibu 6.2 kɔbigi puuni mi nyɛ bɛ ni mi shɛba protestanti nima la. Kɔbigi puuni vaaibu 9.0 daa nyɛla ban gbubi bɛ yaanima daa diini. Kotomsi nyɛla bɛ ni mi shɛli Dogon adiini la. Vaaibu 0.2 kɔbigi puuni daa nyɛla ban doli adiini shɛŋa din pahi ka vaaibu 0.7 kɔbigi puuni mi ban doli adiini shɛli.

Adiini shɛli bɛ ni mi Animist ban be tingbani maa yaɣ' shɛli bɛ ni booni Sud-Ouest la n-daa nyɛ ban galisi pam ka bɛ kalinli yiɣisi vaaibu 48.1 kɔbigi puuni.

Joografi

Borikina faso dola latitude 9 mini 15 degree N sunsuuni.(15 degree nyɛla din be yɣi bili n be wulinluhuli polo),ka longitude maa mi nyɛ 6degree W ni 3 degree E.tingbaŋ maa malila tinduya dibaa ayi,lajabali wuhiya, ni paneplain nyɛla din pɔbi tingbani yaɣishɛli din galisi maa,bin din che ka tingbani maa yaɣ'shɛŋa tooi nyɛ din duri ka sirigira, kamani zoya.n teeriyɛl'kura kamani Precambrian massive. ka bɛ tingbani yaɣ'shɛli din mi daa bɛ southwest la mi nyɛ din namdi sandstones,bɛ zo'kara la ni.Ténakourou,bini din zooibu wuhi 749metres. (2,457ft). zo'sjʋŋa ŋan waligiri bɛ tiŋsi maa paai 150m galisim kamani (492ft).latitude din be borikina faso nyɛla 400m kamani (1312ft).ka waliginsim din be di puuni ni tooi Paso600m kamani(1969ft).Borikina faso nyɛla tingban shɛli dinkuli yɛrigi n doya.tingbani maa nyɛla din gbubi bɛ yu'kurili shɛli bɛ ni daa boli upper Volta la, din baari yaɣiri mɔɣa ata la.lala mɔɣa ŋo n nyɛ, black Volta (mouhoun),white Volta(Nakambé) ni red Volta (nazinon).black Volta maa KO n nyɛ tingbani maa mɔɣa Ayi shɛli din zɔri yuuni kam.dinbala mi n nyɛ komoè, din zɔri n kpari southwest polo.https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burkina_Faso&action=edit&section=42

Niger ko'zɔra- Ŋan yuya nye Béli, Gorouol, Goudébo, ni Dargol- nyɛla ŋan zɔri saha ni saha ka ŋa zɔbu ku yuuya, chiri anahi hali ni chiri ayɔbu yuuni puli ni. Amaa, Ko'zɔra ŋɔ nyɛla din ni tooi kyeei hali ti tooi di' ya' gba. Tiŋgban' maa gba mali kuli' bɔna ŋan kalinli zooi- ka ŋan yuli du' n-nye Tingrela, Bam, ni Dem. Tiŋgban' maa gba mali mɔɣa- ka ŋan yuli du' n-nye Oursi, Béli, Yomboli, and Markoye. Kɔm kalinsi tooi nahindi Tiŋgbani maa pam, di bahi bahindi Tiŋgbani maa north yaɣili.

Burkina Faso dola Tiŋgbana ayi puuni: Ŋani n-nye Sahelian Acacia savanna ni West Sudanian savanna.^[147]

western Sehel nima n daa tooi mali masks maa n kuri bɛ bukaata nima, bɛ daa tooi n zaŋdili tumdi tuma bɛ yɛl'kura malibu shɛɛ,kuyiya, amiliya yiya, suuna yiya ni ŋan pahi. bɛ daa tooi lahi jɛmdi bɛ buɣa ni binkɔbiri shihi bɛ tinkpansi puuni. Bɛ wahiwabu la mi gba daa nyɛla din niŋda din yɛn che ka bɛ tinkpansi maa wuhiri bɛ yurilim ni suhupiɛlli zan chaŋ bɛ tingbana maa ni sɔŋdiba shɛm maa polo.Nolini baŋsim daa zooila bɛ nolini yɛltɔɣa kaya puuni, din na maliba bukaata saha shɛli ti noi na ʒiya ŋo.1934 French occupation saha la, Dimdolobsom Ouedraogo daa zaŋla o maximes penees et devinettes mossi la n wuhi salo. kundi shɛli din wuhiri mossi nima nolini https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso#cite_note-KS-219 Nazi boni ni Rogar Nikiema.1960s maa daa nyɛla zoobu pam Zan chaŋ playright kalinli zaŋwuhisalo zuɣu.1970s la saha, litrature daa chami ka Borikina faso mini sasabiriba pam be ni daa zaŋ n Wuhi salo tooi nya naba n zani.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso#cite_note-JM-221.Borikina faso theatre la daa nyɛla din laɣim ban tumdi kali tuma la mini colonial influence la ni ban kpaŋsiri post colonial ka bɛ daa lɛba baŋsim shɛli din yɛn che ka be gba tooi zali bee n kpa bɛ national theatre. western-style theatre daa nyɛla din niŋ bayana saha shɛli ninniesim ni daa kpe Borikina Faso.din daa kuli kpaŋsili paa daa nyɛla French theatre.sahsaha shɛlishɛli maŋsulinsi ni daa niŋ yɛl'palli n zaŋti ba, bɛ daa laɣimya n to jina n gbaai ka bɛ nia nyɛla ni di pa tu ni bɛ le bɛ tiŋkpansi la baŋsima ni diɛma. ==SLAM - POETRY salo daa nyɛla ban kuli pahira tingbani ŋo puuni di bahibahindi Malika Outtara [220] daa kpaŋ o maŋa ka slam poetry nya nabo n zanitingbani maa ni.o daa zaŋla o baŋsim n kpuɣi niriba haŋkaya n chaŋ ti kpa bɛnyɛr'shɛŋadin be bɛ biɛhigu puuni, kamani, ʒim vooibu, jaatonima dɔɣibu n ti pahi covid-19. ==Art and Craft== din pahi nyɛla bɛ artistic heritage puuni, bɛ nyɛla ban mali bɛ art tiŋ karili ka di be borikina faso.ballee Ouagadougou. bɛ ni zaŋ bɛ baŋsim n mali bɛnshɛŋa pam nyɛla din zooiri bɛ tingbani ŋo zaŋ jɛndi tourism polo.Borikina faso n lahi nyɛ ban su duniya zaa art and craft fair fukumsi.Ouagadougou. French nima tooi boonili SIAO.==CUISINE == https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burkina_Faso&action=edit&section=44 bɛ kali bindiri shɛŋa din zooi ka bɛ too duɣirili n nyɛ sokam ni diri shɛli, ŋan nima n nyɛ, chi, za, shiŋkaafa, Karwana, sima, wulijo, nyuli ni mana.binkɔbiri nimdi shɛŋa bɛ ni tooi dira n nyɛ, nɔhi, nogala,ni kuligini zahim.bɛ binnyura tooi nyɛ dam din mii ni zimkom.Borikina faso zimkom ŋo biɛmi ka milki la, ka piɛla ka bɛ fondi ni bɛ tooi mali blooku n niŋdi dipuuni din yɛn che ka di maai. amaa bɛ tinkpansi tooi mali za din zani ka mii n n niŋ bin'nyurili ka boli li Dolo.Borikina faso sinii nyɛla din mali anfaani pam west Africa ni Africa zaa sinii nima puuni.Borikina faso nima pili sinii nima saha shɛli bɛ daa kpa sinii chuɣu FESPACO la.ka bɛ daa zaŋli n wuhi salo sinii bakɔi la ni yuuni 1969 n daa bala.bɛ ban nyɛ sinii ŋmahiriba ŋo pam nyɛla duniya sinii kpamba ni mi shɛba sports diɛma ni yiɣijam din be Borikina faso nyɛla din yarim, bin din gbaai bol'ŋmebo' nuunu bola, cheche babo,ni ŋan bahi. bol'ŋmebo n nyɛ din niŋ bayana borikina faso, ka sokam ŋmerili tiŋpuuni ni tinkpansi zaa. be national team maa daa maila yupaa dina n nyɛ,"lesEtalons" ( stallion nim la).Tiŋ'nabipuɣinga ŋun daa nyɛ asanza nira la yɛli daa booni YENNENGA n daa yɛli.yuuni 1998, AFCON daa nyɛla din ŋme Borikina faso tingbanni,di saha ka OMNISPORTS STADIUM din be Bobo-Dioulasso la daa me.Borikina faso daa nyɛ nasara n chaŋ n ti ŋme AFCON South Africa tingbanni, bɛ daa moya n paai bola ŋo pahigu amaa ka Nigeria nima daa diba pɔgaŋa ka daa kpuɣi jaashee maa yuuni 2013 n daa bala.bɛ piligu AFCON ŋmɛbu n daa bala.Basketball gba nyɛla borikina faso paɣiba ni dabba ni yu shɛli,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso#cite_note-231 di chɛ ka di niŋ bayana tingbani maa ni.yuuni 2013 ka bɛ dabba gba daa nya nasara afrobasket ni, summer Olympics ka HUGUES FABRICE ZANGO ŋun nyɛ ŋun tooi guui ri la daa di borikina faso piligu Olympic Medal, winning bronze dabba triple jum la ni.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso#cite_note-232.

Folk music n nyɛ din be borikina faso ka bala pihiyɔbu nyɛ ban Zaɣa tooi be dini, mɔhi ban be Ouagodougou yaɣili la daa nyɛla ban nyɛ kali niriba , kɔbiga puuni vaabu pihinahi bin din gbaai wulin puhili polo,gurunsi, gurima, dagaaba, ni lobi zama zaa ayi yɛri gur bala dinŋmani mohi bala ladaa chaŋya hali n ti paai coastal state. ka Ayi kana n ti lihi north mini east, fulaanima daa nyɛla ban dii ka yaa amaa ka south west ni ka mande bala lee yoli. kamani samo,bissa,bobo,senufo, nimarka. ==MEDIA== pɔhim zuɣu tuma du'zuɣu din be borikina faso nyɛla din tab'sɔŋ telivisa nima mini radio tuma durizaa din be be tingbani maa ni.RTB zaŋwuhi sal nyɛla din nyɛ buyi Zuɣu bɛ medium wave (AM) puuni ni FM frequencies pam ni. diyi pa RTB gba, ʒiŋgama zuɣu nima ban su Diɛma ni yiɣijam, kaya, yila, ni jɛma Fm tuma duri. RTB nyɛla din na kuli gbubi duniya zaa shirt wave news zaŋ wuhi salo bin din gbaai Ouagadougou din mali 100kw transmitter n be 4.815 mini 5.030MHz puuni.yuuni 1998,Norbert Zongo ŋun vihiri pɔhim zuɣu yɛla, o biɛli Ernest,o droba, ni do so daa nyɛla bɛ ni ku shɛba ka nyɔba buɣum ka so bɛ mi ŋun tum lala tuma maa,ŋo zaa daa yila bɛ ni daa mɔri ni bɛ che ka borikina faso press ni bɛ pɔhim zuɣu soya la zani di gama zuɣuka si bɛ niŋ.di nyaaŋa, di daa ti ʒimi ni paati apaati zuɣu ka bɛ daa ku Norbert Zongo ŋuna maa,bɛ ni daa ti lihi ka kɔlivaai yɛltɔɣa maa.yuuni 1999,François Compaorè daa nyɛla bɛ ni ŋmaai samili n ti so, ka di nyɛla David Ouadruogo kumla zuɣu.ŋun daa kpi ka di nyɛa lnahingu puuni la. yuuni 1998January,di nyaaŋa, bɛ daa yiɣisi lala samili maa. bɛ ni daa balim. yuuni 2000 Auguestnin daa bala, niriba anu sooja gulibadaa nyɛla bɛ ni lahi ŋmaai samili n ti ka di gba kuli nyɛla Ouedruogo kum ŋo zuɣuyaha. RSP niribaMarcel Kafando, Edwmondkoama, Ousseini yaro,vihigu wuhiyawuhiya ni bɛ nuu daa nela Norbert Zongo kum maa ni.ka bɛ daa kpariba saha gbaliŋ. Norbert Zongo kum maa saha hali ni zuŋo,binyɛra pam zaŋ kpa zongo vihigu polo nyɛla gomnanti ni gurivka taɣiri shɛli.yuuni 2007 April, Karim Sama ŋun yɛli daa kuli du ka di nyɛla o binshɛɣu kam puuni o zaŋdila reggae yila n kpɛhira, ka di nyɛla haŋkali ka o mali n kniŋdi bɛ gomnanti yɛltɔɣa puunizaŋkpa yɛlmaŋli kalinsi ni laɣi'shɛŋa Deeibu yirŋyiriŋ. o daa nyɛla ŋun deei kum lama pam,Hali o loori kperili daa nyɛla bɛ ni Dabi shɛli buɣum Ouaga Fmsambanni ka bɛ bɛ baŋ lala nira.CPJ daa sabiya n ti tingbani zuɣulana,n bori ni o chɛ ka o gomnanti maa vihi n bo ban doli n tumdi lala tuma ŋo.

Climate

Burkina Faso nyɛla din mali tropical climate buyi ko. Di nin nyɛ shaɣini mini wuuni.Shaɣini, tingbani maa nyɛla din deeri sakom din gbaaigi 600 and 900 mm (24 and 35 in); Wuuni mi, kikaa pɔhim tuli kuma nyɛla din yirina Sahara polo n ʒara. Shaɣu maa nyɛla din niŋdi chara anahi ko, kamani silimingoya , May/June zaŋhali ni September ni, amaa di nyɛla din bi paari lala tingbani maa wulinpuhili yaɣili polo. climatic zones nim dibaa'ta nyɛla din ni tooi nyɛ Sahel la, Sudan-Sahel la, n ti pahi Sudan-Guinea la. Sahel din be tingbani maa wulin puhili yaɣali la nyɛla din deeri sakom kamani din pɔrigari 600 mm (24 in)^[148] yuuni pulini ka di lee nyɛ din mali wuntaŋ pam din ni paai, 5–47 °C (41–117 °F).

Di ni niŋ ka wuuni din mi shɛli tropical savanna la kana, Sahel la nyɛla din chani yaɣiri Burkina Faso tinŋtarisi, binshɛɣu din yi Horn of Africa zaŋ hali ni Atlantic Ocean, nti pahi Sahara tinŋtarisi zaŋgbai di wulinpuhili polo nti pahi tam ni be Sudan Rijin shaŋani zaŋti gbaai wulinluhili polo. Di nyɛla din be 11° 3′ mini 13° 5′ wulinpuhili latitude, Sudan-Sahel region nyɛla yaɣishɛli din saamibu mini wuntaŋ yibu nyɛ dintaɣira. Di yi labi wuliluhili polo, Sudan-Guinea zone la nyɛla din deeri sakom din gari 900 mm (35 in)^[148] yuuni kam pulini ka lan nyɛ din dii bi maai pam.

Geography mini environment nyɛla Burkina Faso's din niŋ chɔguno zaŋ chaŋ Burikina Faso nim bindiri gbubbu polo.^[149] Di ni niŋ ka tingbani maa nyɛ din be Sahel Rijin ni la, region, di nyɛla din mali radical climatic variation pam duniya yaangizuɣu, bin shaɣu din gbaai ko kpɛɣu zaŋni sanzali.^[150]Lala climatic din dij ka baŋbu chichirichi ŋɔ nyɛla din ni tooi nyɛ tɔm n zaŋti Burkina Faso bilichini nima ni bɛ niŋ yɛda ni pukparilim.^[151]

Burkina Faso's climate lan nyɛla din tooi che ka biniɛma ban saɣindi purini bindirala tooi nyɛri soya bee yi ko pam n saɣin bɛ bindira, din gbaai biniɛma ban saɣindi bindira kamani; locusts mini crickets, ban nyɛ ban saɣindi binbila ka lahi niŋli kamani di bɔrimi ni di niŋla.^[152] Di pala din be Burkina Faso nim pam ban kɔri ka di nyɛla kɔhibu zuɣu konko la zuɣu amaa ni ban kɔri ni bɛ zaŋ dihi bɛ dundɔnani nim la gba zaa .^[153] Di ni nŋ ka pukparilim pa kpe yɔɣu maa, daŋsipam ni daŋsi pam nyɛla ban pa bɔri sopali shɛŋa bɛ ni yan dɔli n nyɛ arizichi ka di lahi pala pukparilim ni,^[154]ka ŋa zuɣu che ka bɛ tooi nyɛ ban chɛri bɛ bɛhisi shehi ka cheni yaɣishɛŋani ni bɛ ti bo tuma nima.^[153]

Natural resources

Burkina Faso's natural resources nim nyɛla Salima, manganese, limestone, marble, phosphates, pumice, n-ti pahi yelim .

Binkɔb'kpema

Burkina Faso nyɛla din mali wabiri pam n gari tinduya pam gbansabila tingbani nuzaazuɣu polo. Gbuɣima, kunduna n-ti pahi yɔniɣiri nyɛla ban zaa be ni n ti pahi Walisi nti pahi mɔɣini binkɔbiri pam nyɛla ban be tingbani ŋɔ ni. Binkɔri ban ŋubiri bɛ tabi maa shɛbi ban be Burkina Faso, n nyɛ jaŋgbuni, spotted hyenan n-ti pahi yɔbahi, tingbani ŋɔ nyɛla tingban shɛli di kuli mali mɔɣuni binkɔbigu kam.^[155]

Burkina Faso's fauna mini flora nyɛla bɛ ni guli shɛbi yaɣa anahi ni:

W National Park ni din be tingbani maa nudirigu zuɣu din cha ti gari Benin, mini Niger.
Arly Wildlife Reserve (Arly National Park din gba be tingbani maa nudirigu zuɣu la. )
Léraba-Comoé Classified Forest ni Partial Reserve of Wildlife ka di be tingbani maa nuzaazuɣu .
Mare aux Hippopotames la din gba be tingbani maa nuzaazuɣu.

N ti pahi yaɣa pam ani ni tooi nyɛ shɛŋa List of national parks in Africa miniNature reserves of Burkina Faso yaɣa ŋɔ ni.

Daabilim

Burkina Faso nim ni yihi binshɛɣu bɛ tingbani puuni ka di yiri tinduya ni nyɛla din ni paai $2.77billion yuuni 2011, ni $754million yuuni 2012.^[156] Pukparilim nyɛla din din vaagi kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihita ni yini bɛ dundɔŋni tuma, ka nyɛ din vaaigi kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinii ʒ maa tuun tumdibi puuni. Di nyɛla din yaa be bingula gulibu polo pam. Di bahibahindi tingbani maa wulinluhili zuɣu mini di wulinluhili nuzaa polo, niribi maa nyɛla ban kɔri bindiri kamani; chi, za, kawana, sima, shinkafa mini gumdi, ka din pam nyɛla bɛ ni yan guui shɛli n kɔhi. Tingbani maa daabilim maa pam yɛɣili nyɛla ban sɔŋsim yirina anduniya zaa totopɔŋlani, hali bɛ ni kuli mali salima pam la zaa yɔli.

Bin yɛra anu dindo zuɣusaa bɛ ni mali aʒiya shɛŋa n yiri tingbani maani yuuni 2017 daa nyɛla bɛ ni pu shɛŋa n doli di tuma kamani; gems mini precious metals, US$1.9billion (78.5% n nyɛ dinyiri zaa), gumdi mi $198.7million (8.3%), ores, slag, ash, $137.6million (5.8%), binwala mi , nuts: $76.6million (3.2%) n ti pahi binwala kpama: $59.5million (2.5%).^[157]

Silimin gɔli December ni yuuni 2018, duniya zaa Bank nim daa yɛliya n wuhiri ni yuuni 2017 ni, tingbani maa daabilim daa nyɛla din ti tooni paai vaabu 6.4% kɔbigi puuniyuuni 2017 (zaŋ ti maɣisi vaabu 5.9% kɔbigi puuni yuuni 2016) din daa che ka di pahi lala ŋɔ daa nyɛla Salima gbibu ni daa kpaŋsi ni arizichi zaŋ soŋsi daabilima yaɣa gba ni daa kpaŋsi. Di ni daa niŋ ka ban diri bee ban kpuɣiri pahiri dabisili kam yɔrila daa nyɛla din kpaŋ tingbani maa daabilim. Inflation daa nyɛla din kpalim 0.4% lala yuuni maa, amaa. public deficit daa nyɛla din zooi paai 7.7% of GDP (zaŋmaɣisi .3.5% yuuni 2016). Gomdanti maa daa na kuli bɔrila sɔya ni bɛ nyɛ liɣiri sɔŋsima mini samdihiriba n di ni o yɔ bɛ sama maa Bɛ ni daa bɔri ni bɛ tooi sɔŋ salo maa m paai din ni tooi saɣiba, Gomdanti maa daa nyɛla ŋun laɣim nanbɔɣu niŋniŋ ban ni. tooi sɔŋ n ti pahi ban ni tooi paŋɔ liɣiri tingbani maa daa puuni. Duniya zaa laɣi duunim daa yɛliya ni daabilim maa nyɛla din kpalim ʒi dede saha biɛla sunsuuni, hali din ni tooi niŋ ka di nyɛ din yan mali barina nti b la. Di barina nim shɛŋa n nyɛ; kpama dahi daa du zuɣu saa, gumdi mini salima dahi lu tiŋa, ka tuun tumdibi nyɛbu niŋ tɔm.^[158]

Burkina Faso nyɛla din be West African Monetary and Economic Union (UMEOA) laɣingu la ni, ka yi laɣingu shɛli bɛ mi CFA franc la ni. Lala niŋsim ŋɔ nyɛla Central Bank of the West African States (BCEAO), din be Dakar Senegal yiŋla la ni niŋ shɛli. BCEAO nim n nyɛ ban lihiri di laɣi ti tabili di yɛli kam din laɣiri yɛltɔɣa zaa tum polo. Yɛda tuma nim zaŋchaŋ lansiisin, banki tuma nima, laɣimbuliɣimbu n ti pahi liɣiri din ni di vihigu vihigu mini tibili darigibu din ni tooi paai tingbani kam nyɛla din be laɣingu ŋɔ ni, di ni niŋ ka bɛ daa malimali zali yuuni 1999 ni. Microfinance nim gba nyɛla din zalisi be di konko, din nyɛ din yuuni microfinance nim tuma kam din gbai WAEMU tingbana ni.^[159]

Yuuni 2018 ni, chaŋ gili duniya n lihi naawuni nama tiɛri daa nyɛla din daa dii kani tingbani maa puuni. U.S. Gomdanti n ti pahi shɛbi nyɛla ban kpahi bɛ tingbani bilichinnima zuɣuni ni bɛ miri ka bi kpuɣi napoŋ n chaŋ Burkina Faso tiŋpuunih; tingbani maa wulinpuhili polo Sahel din mini Mali ni Niger di tiŋtarisi la, ka di daliri nyɛla bibɛhi mini bibiɛlim tuma n zooi ni. Ni tinsi kamani ;Kmoandjari, Tapoa, Kompienga, nti pahi Gourma din be tingbani maa nudirigu zuɣu la, ka di gba nyɛla bibiɛhi mini bibiɛlim tuma n zooi ni.^[160]

Yuuni 2018 CIA Duniya Factbook nyɛla din ti lahibali ŋmaa ŋɔ. Ni "Burkina Faso tingbani nyɛla tingbani shɛli din kpemi ka bɔri sakɔm pam. Daliri shɛŋa din che ka tingbani daabilim bɛ chani tooni nyɛla; saa dii bi miri paritaba, tingbani maa ka tam,n ti pahi pɔhinzuɣu ni bi tooi niŋdi ni sham zaa n laɣim che ka tingbani maa ni daabilim kuli bi cheni tooni.Kɔbigi puuni kamani vaabu pihinii daadam biɛlim maa nyɛla ban be subsistence pukparilim ni, ka gumdi nyɛ bɛ bin Kɔra ni laɣi zuɣu.Tingbani maa nyɛla din Naawuni nama tɛri dim mali laɣirila ni dii ka shɛlipolo, ka lahi nyɛ din dii ka binyɛra pam balibu shɛhi tingbani maa puuni. Gumdi mini Salima n nyɛ Burkina Faso nim daa ʒiya kpeen shɛŋa bɛ tooi mali yiri tinduyani ti kɔhira... Tingbani maa nyɛla tingbani shɛli din mali salima pam ni din mali salima yiri tinduya ni ti kɔhira.

Di ni niŋ ka paati paati zaba la nai ka pa che ka Burkina Faso nim daabilim labina ninvɛlani, tingbani maa bibiɛlim tuma ŋɔ nyɛla din ni lan bahiliyɔli. Paati paati suhidoo kalimsi din be bɛ nyintaa tingban Mali, nyɛla ban ni ku tooi lan du n ba shɛbi ni bɛ tiriba niɣilim buɣum, ka soya chendi nyɛ din gbarigi, ka lala ŋɔ yan nyɛ yɛlimuɣusirili din yan nahimba yuui." Lala lahibaliŋɔ lan nyɛla din tɔnŋ kahigi yuuni 2018 zaŋ ni yuuni 2020 International Monetary Fund program yɛltɔɣa, n ti lan pahi Gomdanti ni kpuɣi niya shɛŋa ni o "reduce the budget deficit and preserve critical spending on social services and priority public investments".^[161]

Yuuni 2018 la puuni bɛ ni boli shɛba African Development Bank Group la nima gbaŋ daa wuhiya ni bɛ tooi n zamzam macroeconomic evaluation: " higher investment and continued spending on social services and security that will add to the budget deficit ." Bɛ yɛligu ŋɔ wuhiya ni 2018 yuuni maa puuni binyɛra daa ni lu n chaŋ 4.8% of GDP ka lahi n lu hali ni 2.9% 2019 yuuni. Din bɔŋɔ zuɣu bɛ ni boli shɛli National Economic mini Social Development Plan la ni daa n di sam'shɛŋa n bahi tingbani maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni ŋme shɛli n chaŋ 36.9% of GDP yuuni 2017 la puuni.^[162]

Burkina Faso nyɛla ban gbuni kpalanzuya ni bɛ ni boli shɛli Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) la. Di lahi nyɛla din pahi ti ni mi shɛŋa United Nations, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, ni World Trade Organization la zuɣu.

Mining

Main article: Mining in Burkina Faso

Bɛ gbiri copper, iron, manganese, salima, cassiterite (tin ore), n-ti pahi phosphate Burkina Faso tingbani puuni ka di sɔŋdi ba ka bɛ nyari tuma mini tiŋ'zuya sɔŋsim. Bɛ salima malibu daa nyɛla din du n chaŋ 32% ka di din bɔŋɔ zaŋ gbaagi bɛ salimanima malibu yaɣa ayɔbu 2011 la puun. South Africa, Mali, mini Ghana nyanŋa, Burkina Faso nima n daa pahi anahi n be Africa tiŋa shɛŋa ban mali salima pam la zuɣu.

Gbaŋ din daa yina 2018 yuuni la wuhiya ni tiŋa maa nima mali tahima ni bɛ nya salima pihinu ni anu lala yuuni maa puuni dama ʒibuta puuni ʒibuyi daa pahiya yuuni 2013 la ni. Oumarou Idani yeligu puuni o wuhiya ni " Di tu ni ti kpɛhi valigimsim na ti binyehiri nambu shee. Ti kuri saha pam n malindi salima kɔnko amaa ti lahi mali baŋsim pam n zaŋ kpa manganese, zinc, lead, copper, nickel, n-ti pahi limestone malibu puuni " ka din bɔŋɔ nima nyɛ yel'timsa pam ti zuɣu.

Bindira kalinsi

Bɛ ni boli shɛba Global Hunger Index nima la wuhiya ni bɛ ni zaŋ bɛ ni boli shɛli multidimentional tool la ka bɛ zaŋdili n yulindi ka zahimdi kum shɛli din be tiŋa ni paagi shɛm la wuhiya ni tinsi pisopɔin ni ani puuni, Burkina Faso nima n-nyɛ ban dɔ pihiyɔbu ni anu puuni 2013 yuuni la puuni. Din bɔŋɔ wuhiya ni bihi ban kalinli yiɣisi 1.5 million ka be Burkina Faso la nyɛla ban bi nyari bindira ka naan n che bihi shɛba ban gba kalinli paagi 350,000 ka ban mi bori tibu ni nimmɔhi.

Tɔi amaa bihi ʒibuta kɔnko n daa tooi nya tibiri suŋ ka kɔbiga puuni, 11.4 bihi ban yuma daa bi yaɣi yuma ayi gba n daa tooi n paagi biɛɣ'kulo kam bindira shɛŋa bɛ ni daa tiri la. Bindira kalinsi din be Burkina Faso ŋɔ nyɛla yel'kari shɛli din nahim di tin'bihi ŋɔ pam zaŋ chaŋ bɛ zoobu polo, di tooi n nahim tiŋa maa ni nima salo n paai bɛ ʒibuta bin din gbaagi yuuni 2008 la hali ni yuuni 2012 puuni. Yaha, di daa lahi nyɛla din labisi Burkina Faso nima wuhibu ni bɔhimbu nyanŋa ka bɛ bihi daa bi nya n di tiɣi balee bɛ ti gurigi bɛ maŋsi shukuru duri polo ni bɛ taba ban n nya n di viɛyelinga.

Bɛ ni boli shɛba European Commission nima la yeliya ni 2015 yuuni puuni Burkina Faso bihi ban kalinli yiɣisi 500,000 ka bɛ na bi yaɣi yuma anu la nyɛla ban yan di siliminsi ni boli shɛli acute malnutrition la wahala ka che bɛ puuni ban kalinli yiɣisi 149,000 la mi ni nyɛ ban biɛhigu yen niŋ yɛreyɛre dominchi binbora shɛŋa bindira ni bora nyɛla din bi yaɣi lala. Bɛ ni boli Shɛba ni Demographic and Health Survey ( DHS 2010 ) nima la wuhiya ni kɔbiga puuni paɣ'ba pihinahi ni awei ni bihi ban bi yaɣi yuma anu ban kalinli yiɣisi pihini ni ani n-nyɛ bɛ ni boli anaemia la dɔro ni gbahiri shɛba. Kɔbiga puuni bilɛri kum nyɛla din vaai bin pihinahi ka di nyɛla siliminsi ni boli shɛli malnutrition la n tahili ka dinbɔŋɔ nyɛla yel'kari din labisi Burkina Faso nima salo ban tumda nyanŋa pam ka dinbɔŋɔ wuhiri bindirigu da anfaani ti biɛhigu puuni.

Din niŋ ka ashibiti mini shukuru chandi dee bi niŋ bayana n-ti tinkpaŋsi la zuɣu, bindira ŋɔ kalinsi barina zooya pam n-ti ba di bahi bahindi bɛ daa alaaƒei polo n gari bɛ be tiŋ'puuni.

Vihigu shɛli bɛ ni boli shɛba USAID nima la ni daa niŋ silimin gɔli October, yuuni 2018 puuni la wuhiya sanzali mini ko'kpɛli na nyɛla yel'muɣisiri kpeeni ka di nyɛla " violence and insecurity are disrupting markets, trade, and livelihoods activities in some parts of Burkina Faso's northern and eastern areas." Di lahi wuhiya ni daadam bilima ban kalinli yiɣisi 954,300 nyɛla ban bɔri bindira sɔŋsim. Bɛ ni boli shɛba UNICEF nima la gba yeliya ni "bihi ban kalinli yiɣisi 187,200 ka bɛ yuma bi yaɣi yuma anu la dɔr'shɛli bɛ ni boli severe acute malnutrition la ni yen gbahi shɛba." Ʒingama laɣingu shɛŋa ban daa tooi n tabi n sɔŋ lala saha ŋɔ n-nyɛ bɛ ni boli shɛba USAID's Office of Food for Peace (FFP) ban daa gbini kpalanzuya ni bɛ ni boli shɛba UN World Food Programme nima la, NGO Oxfam intermón n-ti pahi ti ni mi shɛba ACDI bee VOCA nima la.

So'chibisi shɛŋa bɛ ni bo ni bɛ tuhi n nyaŋ bindira kalinsi

World Food Programme

Bɛ ni boli shɛba United Nations' World Food Programme nima la nyɛla bɛ daa n kpaŋ bɛ maŋa n kpa laɣinsi di yen sɔŋsi ka bindira niŋ bayana Burkina Faso. Lala laɣinsi ŋɔ puuni shɛli n-nyɛ ti ni mi shɛli Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation 200509 (PRRO) la, din daa kpa ka di nyabili nyɛ ni bɛ tuhi n kari malnutrition dɔro din daa niŋ Burkina Faso yuuni 2012 puuni la ka di nyɛla bindira n-ti pahi binbora shɛŋa bindirigu ni tu ni di mali kalinsi la zuɣu. Dinbɔŋɔ zuɣu bɛ daa bi che dɔro ŋɔ ni mali bi'shɛba ŋɔ laamba n bahi bindirigu maŋa dihibu polo.

Yaha, laɣingu ŋɔ lahi nyɛla din sɔŋsi ka bihi mini paɣ'puhi nima tooi n nya bindir'suma n di, ka di nyɛla di yen n kpaŋsi bɛ bɛrisuŋ di yi ti niŋ ka sanzali deegi ka bindira yela niŋ tɔm ʒizaa. Lala laɣingu ŋɔ lahi nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli n kpuri so'chibisi ka din sɔŋ laamba pam di bahi bahindi bɛ azansi zaŋ chaŋ bindira kalinsi di ti niŋ ka sanzali lahi yiɣisi yuun'shɛli puuni ha.

Bɛ ni kpa laɣinsi shɛŋa ka boli li the Country Programme (CP) la nyɛla din pu yaɣa ayi, di nyɛ piligu n-nyɛ ni bɛ bo bindir'suma din nyɛ sɔŋsim n-ti ban mali HIV/ AIDS dɔro la, ni din pahi ayi mi ni ka bɛ dihiri bihi ban be siliminsi ni boli shukuru shɛli primary la din be Sahel region puuni la. Tuuli laɣingu nyabili nyɛ mi ni di tabi n yoogi alaafei soya n-ti ban mali dɔr'shɛli bɛ ni boli HIV/AIDS la ka lahi n sɔŋ n gu ka taɣi bihi mini kpibisi ka che bindir'pooli mini malnutrition dɔro ŋɔ, Ka bɛ ni yen dihiru bihi la shukuruti la puuni mi sɔŋ n va bihi ŋɔ mini bɛ laamba daa hankaya n labina shukuru chandi polo Sahel region puuni dominche ban chani shukuru lala yaɣili ŋɔ bi yaɣi lala. Yaha, di niiya daa lahi nyami ni di kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi shukuru chandi dinzuɣu bɛ daa tiri la bɛ ban daa bi naɣiri shukuru chandi ŋɔ pin'gahinda kamani shinkaafa, karwana, ni din pahi ka bɛ ʒi n kuli n-ti ti bɛ laamba ka di niŋ ninyambu n niŋ laamba ŋɔ nii ka bɛ sɔŋ n kpaŋsi bipuɣinsi shukuru chandi.

World Food Programme nima ŋɔ wuhiya ni lala laɣinsi mini bɛ ni na yen kpa shɛŋa silimin gɔli August yuuni 2018 puuni la nyɛla din yen che " ka di sɔŋ demokratia gɔmdanti toontibu polo, ka tingbani maa labi suhudoo mini nagbanyini tiŋa, ka lahi n neei di daabiligu soya din yen che ka ti laɣim zooi kɔhima mini bɔma polo. Di yen nyɛla yel'kpeeni shɛli WFP's nima ni kpaɣi ni bɛ zaŋ kpɛhi zalkpani pala shɛŋa bɛ ni kpuri ni di sɔŋ n kpaŋsi tiŋ'duya mini ti tinsi ka bɛ kpalanzuya gbuni taba ka di che ka gɔmdanti mini tiŋ'kpansi ŋɔ ka bɛ ni tooi mali nuu timbu bɛ ni boli shɛli food and nutrition security programme la puuni yuuni 2030 ni."^[163]

World Bank

[edit]

Ti ni mi shɛli World Bank la nyɛla bɛ ni daa kpa shɛli yuuni 1944 puuni ka di mali yaɣa anu ka di zaɣ'yini kam nyabili nyɛ di tuhi n kari fakari zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2030 puuni ka lahi tabi tingbana ka di zoogi n chaŋ kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinahi tiŋ'kam puuni. Tuun'kpeeni shɛli World bank nima ŋɔ zaɣa ni na be n-nyɛ ni bɛ bo soya n baligi bindira kalinsi Burkina Faso tingbani dinzuɣu bɛ niŋ la nimmɔhi n bahi pukparilim yaɣili ŋɔ. World Bank nima ŋɔ yeliya ni di kpabu yel'kpeeni kuli nya mi ni di "kpaŋsi pukpariba ban bi tooi kɔri n kpaɣiri viɛyelinga ka bɛ niŋ katari din yen che ka bindira niŋ bayana ti tinkpaŋsi la dahi puuni." Bɛ ni boli Agricultural Productivity and Food Security Project la malila kpatuɣa ata. Di tuuli kpatuɣili n-nyɛ ni di niŋ nimmɔhi ka bindira kɔbu niŋ bayana di bahi bahindi sɔŋsim shɛli din yen nyɛ laɣ'pɛliga n-ti pahi bɛ ni boli shɛli 'voucher for work' program la nyɛla bɛ ni yen ti pukpariba shɛba ban ku tooi yo bɛ tɔhibu laɣ'pɛligi puuni la. Din paya n-nyɛ ni bɛ yooi bindira soya n niŋ luɣili kam di bahi bahindi ti tinkpaŋsi la din ni niŋ kamaata di ni ka bɛ tooi n sɔŋ bindira kɔhibu ka di che ka daguli kɔhinima ŋɔ tooi mali bindira balibubalibu ka tooi n kɔhi li tinkpaŋsi mini tinduya zaa. Kpatuɣili din bahindi nyanŋa n-nyɛ lɛbigimsim mini toontibu bo n-ti tiŋ'bihi ka fi niiya nya mi ni di kpahi n neei yiko shɛŋa din be ʒigama nima ban yen sɔŋ lal yeli ŋɔ ni. Bɛ wuhiya ni laɣingu shɛli bɛ ni kpa ŋɔ nyɛla din yen sɔŋ n kpaŋsi ban malindi bindira ni bɛ ni boli shɛba service providers la kɔbani ka bɛ tum ka lahi n yooi soya ka pu'tuma nɛma kpɛna ka lahi n sɔŋ ka gu ka taɣi laɣingu maa tuma.

World Bank nima gbaŋ shɛli din daa yina silimin gɔli December yuuni 2018 la puuni wuhiya ni yuuni 2009 zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2014, ni fakari nyɛla binshɛli din lu kɔbiga puuni vaabu pihinahi ni ayɔbu ka che di ni daa kuli n za 40.1% la. Gbaŋ ŋɔ lahi nyɛla din koli yel'muɣisira din be Burkina Faso toontibu puuni ka di wuhiri ni "Burkina Faso remains vulnerable to climatic shocks related to changes in rainfall patterns and to fluctuations in the prices of its export commodities on world markerts. Its economic and social development will, to some extent, be contingent on political stability in the country and the sub-regions, its openness to international trade and diversification."

Infrastructure and services

Kom

Di ni daa niŋ ka binyɛra bi chani vɛnyɛla, tingbani maani kom tumayili nti pahi sabita bɔntimaŋ yili nim bɛ ni mi shɛbi (ONEA), la ba nyɛ tingbani maa ni dahalɛli tuma duridimŋɔ daa nyɛla ban daa zaŋ commercial lines tuma n pahi bɛ tuma ni, ka bɛ daa nyɛ bɛ ni lihiri tuma du shɛba ni banin nyɛ ban na tɔndi tuma polo gbansabila tingbana ni. .^[164] kpam maŋ nti pahi nimɔhi shɛŋa kom tuma yilinim n ti pahi sabita bɔnti maŋ yilonim bɛ ni ŋmai jia m boli shɛbi ni ONEA's nyɛla din che ka salo tooi nyɛri konyuri suŋ.^[164]

Tum yuuni 2000, salo ni pai miliyɔŋ dibaayi ni garibu n be principal urban centres nyɛla ban kuli nyɛri ko nyuri suŋ ŋɔ tamkam, tingbani maa puuni. ).^[164] Yɛlimuɣusira din bɛni nyɛla, salo pam nyɛla ba bi tooi yɔri kom mini yɛligoli shɛŋa din sɔŋdi ba ka bɛ tooi nyɛri konyuri suŋ maa zuɣu.^[164] Tingbani maa mamaŋ tuma duri nyɛla din tin nuu pam n tooi sɔŋsi ka bɛ nia nim pam.din nyɛ kom yɛltɔla zaa pali.^[164]

Tɔyɛlimaŋli yara, bɛ ni mishɛbi ni UNICEF la yɛlili ni konyuri suŋ nyan nyu tingbani maani nyɛla din ti tooni pam yuun pish ni anii nyaangi zaŋ na ni sahaŋɔ. Ko nyuri suŋ nyan nyu tingbani maani nyɛla din pahi yi kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihita ni awai n pa chaŋ vaabu pisopoi ni ayɔbu tinŋ maa fɔndi puuni binshɛɣu din gbai yuuni 1990 zaŋ ni yuuni 2015 ni. Lala saha shɛli ti ni ʒiya ŋɔ yaha, ko nyuri suŋ nyan nyu nyɛla din pahi n yi kɔbigi puuni vaabu pisopoin ni anu n pa chaŋ kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihi wei ni ayɔpoin tiŋ maa fɔndinim ni.^[165]

Niɣilimbuɣim

megawatt pihita ni ata solar power plant be Zagtouli, din baɣi Ouagadougou, nyɛla din kana pɔhim zuɣu silimingoli November goliɣi ni ha yuuni 2017 ni. Sahashɛli bɛ ni daa mɛrili, dinin daa na nyɛ solar power facility din na galisi tu nn zaa zuɣu gbansabila tingbana ni.

Yaha

Burkina Faso tooni chandi nyɛla din du gaa pam, hali di ni kuli niŋ ka di nyɛ din shhri ka di nyɛla gubɛri ni kɔrimfahali yaligibu ni nin vuŋ bɛri ban laɣinsi ban yina Mali mini Niger yaɣa la na.^[166]

Transport

Transport zaŋ ti Burkina Faso nyɛla din na bi lɛbigi.

Kamani silimingoli June ni ha yuuni 2014 international airport mamaŋa, Ouagadougou Airport, nyɛla din daa kuli zaŋdi salo chɛni gbansabila tingbana ninni mini tinsi kamani;ad Paris, Brussels nti pahi Istanbul ni aleepeli nima. Yaha, international airport dinbalala, Bobo Dioulasso Airport nyɛla din bɔ aleepile nima ni bɛ beOuagadougou mini Abidjan.

Rail transport in Burkina Faso nyɛla din gbai yaɣi yini ko, n yiɣiri yiri Kaya n chani Abidja^[167]

Pala kamani 15,000kilometres n be Burkina Faso tingbani ni ka di puuni, 2,500kilometres leei nyɛ so'bihi.^[168]

Tabiibitabiibi Yaɣili

Science and Technology in Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso nima daa nyɛla ban di GDP 0.20% n niŋ tuma shɛli bɛ ni boli Research and Development (R&D) la puuni yuuni 2009 puuni. Din bɔŋɔ daa nyɛla zaɣi bila West Africa kalinli puuni. Yuuni 2010 la puuni vihigu vihiriba ban kalinli daa yiɣisi pihinahi ni anii daa nyɛla ban vihi yiya paai miliyɔna din gari sub-Saharan Africa buyi (20 per million population in 2013) ka din bɔŋɔ nyɛ din gari Ghana mini Nigeria (pihita ni awei) bɛ ni boli shɛli ratio la. Di ratio ŋɔ gba nyɛla din pɔri pam ni Senegal (391 per million inhabitants). Lala vihigu vihiriba ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa pu shɛba n niŋ Burkina Faso yaɣayaɣa yuuni 2010 la puuni ka kɔbiga puuni vaabu pihinahi ni ayɔbu be alaafei bɔ nti maŋa yaɣili, ka pia ni ayɔbu be bɛ ni boli shɛli engineering la yaɣili, ka pia ni ata be bɛ ni boli shɛli natural science la yaɣili, ka awei be pukparim yaɣili, ka ayɔpɔin be humanities yaɣili, ka anahi la mi be ninsalinima biɛhigu yaɣili.^[169] Bɛ ni boli shɛli Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation la daa nyɛla gɔmdanti ni mɛ shɛli silimin gɔli January, 2011 yuuni puuni ka di che ka management of science, technology, nti pahi innovation la kpalim n-nyɛ bɛ ni boli shɛba Department of Secondary and Higher Education and Scientific Research nima la tuma hali ni saha ŋɔ. Di puuni yaha ti ni mi shɛba Directorate General for Research and Sector Statistics nima la nyɛla ban su di shili malibu. Ʒingama laɣingu shɛŋa bɛ ni boli the Directorate General of Scientific Research, Technology and Innovation, coordinates research nyɛla din zaɣ'yini kam ni ni tooi tum tuma ŋɔ zaa West Africa tingbana puuni. Gɔmdanti ni mɛ li naai, di che ka o baŋ ni science and technology nyɛla binitimsili n ti tingbani lɛbigimsim. Yuuni 2023 puuni, Burkina Faso nima daa nyɛla ban dɔ 124th bɛ ni boli shɛli the Global Innovation Index la puuni.

Burkina Faso nima daa nyɛla ban kpuɣi so'chibisi n kpɛhi bɛ ni boli shɛli National Policy for Scientific and Technical Research la nuuni yuuni 2012 la puuni ka bɛ niiya daa nyɛ ni di tabi n sɔŋ R&D ka lahi che ka the application and commercialization of research results du zuɣusaa. Yaha, di daa lahi nyɛla din yen sɔŋ ti ni mi shɛba ministry la so'chibisi ka di niiya daa lahi nyɛ ni di yooi soya ka bindira niŋ bayana ka che ka niŋ tiɣibo beni dama nii nyambu pa nyɛla din be pukparim ni. Yuuni 2014 puuni, bɛ ni daa n kpa bɛ ni boli shɛli the creation of a centre for excellence ti ni mi shɛli International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering din be Ouagadougou ka be World Bank Project la sunsuuni nyɛla din yooi soya ka sɔŋsim balibu balibu pam kpɛ din lɛbigimsim yaɣa puuni.

Di nyɛla sɔŋsim suma zaŋ kpa innovation nti pahi alaafei bɔ nti maŋa shɛhi ŋɔ tooni tibo ni. Gɔmdanti bɔri mi ni o vo applied science and technology and social and human science. O lahi nyɛla ŋun kpa National Strategy ni o zaŋ Technologies, Inventions and Innovations (din daa niŋ 2012 yuuni la) nti pahi National Innovation Strategy (din daa niŋ yuuni 2014 puuni la) n wuhi salo ka di nyɛla pahigu n ti bɛ ni boli shɛli national research policy la. Bɛ daa kpaɣi so'chibisi pam ni bɛ che ka science and technology nya naba zani di shɛŋa n-nyɛ bɛ ni boli shɛli Secondary and Higher Education and Scientific Research (2010), the National Policy on Food and Nutrition Security (2014) and the National Programme for the Rural Sector (2011).

Burkina Faso nima daa nyɛla ban baŋ Science, Technology and innovation Act la hali gba ka mali soya ata din yen financing research and innovation din wuhiri ni bɛ shɛri mi li viɛyelinga yuuni 2013 la puuni. Lala baŋsim parisi shɛŋa bɛ ni daa kpuɣi ŋɔ n-nyɛ bɛ ni boli shɛli the National Fund for Research and Innovation for Development and the Forum for Scientific Research Technological Innovation.

Demographics

[edit] Main article: Demographics of Burkina Faso

Population
Year	Million
1950	4.3
2000	11.6
2021	22.1

Burkina Faso nyɛla tingbani shɛli din mali salo ni bɛ hala kam ka lala salo ŋɔ pam nyɛ ban ʒi di di yaɣili shɛli bɛ ni boli south mini centre la puuni. Pirimla bɛ galisi la zuɣu bɛ nyɛla ban muɣi di maa ni n yaɣi ti ni mi shɛli 48 inhabitants per square kilometre (120/sp mi). Di tiŋa bihi ti ni mi shɛba Burkinabè la nyɛla ban galisi pam n beIvory Coast mini Ghana tingbana ni pukparim zuɣu. Tɔi amaa fitiina kara lahi nyɛla din paari ba bɛ chana ŋɔ puuni kamani coup shɛli din daa yen n niŋ Ivory Coast silimin gɔli September ni yuuni 2002 puuni la din daa bahindi ni zabili ŋɔ daa zami shee kɔbisi tuha shɛba nyɛ Burkinabè la labi Burkina Faso. Tiŋa ŋɔ daabiligu daa nyɛla din labi nyanŋa pam pirimi la bɛ ni daa bɛ tooi n tum la zuɣu.

Yuuni 2015 la puuni salo ŋɔ pam daa nyɛla ban yi "West African bala la ni yaɣa yini ni ti ni mi shɛli the Voltaic mini the Mandé. Kɔbiga puuni Voltaic Mossi ban yi yabidoo yini ni ka be Ghana yuuni 1100 saha maa nyɛla ban be nama ni n paai yuma 800."

Burkina Faso nima total fertility rate daa nyɛla din daa yiɣisi 5.93 bihi paɣa kam ni daa dɔɣi yuuni 2014 la puli ni ka din bɔŋɔ nyɛ din che ka bɛ dɔ ayɔbu dunia zaa.

Yuuni 2009 la puuni ti ni mi shɛba U.S. Department of State's Trafficking in Persons Report nima daa wuhi bɛ gbaŋni ni Burkina Faso nima na nyɛla ban gbahiri daba din nyɛ din bi chihi bɛ tingbani maa ni bilichinsi gba. Tɔi amaa dab'tali shɛli din be Sahel tingbani la din nyɛla bɛ yaanima kali n ti ba ka di mini din be trans-Saharan slave trade la n dɔla. Bɛ ni boli shɛba the Global Slavery Index la nima wuhiya ni yuuni 2018 la puuni, tiŋa ŋɔ niriba ban kalinli daa yiɣisi 82,000 la daa nyɛla ban be ti ni mi shɛli "modern slavery" la puuni.

Bɛ bala

[edit] Main article: Ethnic groups in Burkina Faso

Niriba ban kalinli yiɣisi 17.3 miliyɔŋ ka be Burkina Faso nyɛla ban nyɛ yi ni mi shɛli West African ethnic groups la ban n-nyɛ Voltaic mini Mandé (ban bali nyɛ bɛ ni boli shɛli Dioula) la. Voltaic Mossi nima ŋɔ nyɛla ban nyɛ Burkina Faso nima pirigili. Mɔhi ŋɔ nyɛla ban ŋmeri nyɔɣu wuhiri bɛ yab'doo ni nyɛ tɔha kɔŋ shɛm, ŋun daa yi tudu ŋɔ polo n chaŋ Burkina Faso yuuni 1100 AD la saha. Bana n lahi nyɛ ban mɛ nayiya din yuui n gari yuma kɔbisi nii ka lahi nyɛ ban zoogi pam pukparim puuni. Bɛ Naa n-nyɛ Mogho Naba ŋun nam kuɣu yuli booni Ouagadougou.

Kundivihira

↑ Burkina Faso restores constitution, names coup leader president (en).
↑ Aib, Az (2022-07-01). Burkina: 48,1% de la population du Sud-ouest pratique l'Animisme (officiel) (fr-FR).
↑ Toe, Olivier (2024-01-26). Burkina Faso: Captain Ibrahim Traoré formalises constitutional amendment in line with national realities (en-GB).
↑ Decret Promulguant La Loi Constitutionnelle N° 045-2023/ALT (fr) (2024-01-22).
↑ Global voices Burkina Faso: Two languages are better than one (November 2014).
↑ Tɛmplet:Cite CIA World Factbook
↑ Roy, Christopher D. "Countries of Africa: Burkina Faso," Art and Life in Africa, Countries Resources.
↑ Why the name: Burkina Faso?. afrolegends.com (12 September 2013).
↑ Tɛmplet:Cite CIA World Factbook
↑ iAfrica – Ancient History UNTOLD (in English). Forbidden Fruit Books LLC. p. 21.
1 2 Burkina Faso (en-US) (23 October 2019).
↑ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Site archéologique de Bura". UNESCO.
↑ (2009) "Early Metal Working in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Recent Research.". The Journal of African History 35 (1): 1–36. DOI:10.1017/S0021853700025949.
↑ (1968) "Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa". Current Anthropology 9 (1): 54–58. DOI:10.1086/200878.
↑ Ancient Ferrous Metallurgy Sites of Burkina Faso. UNESCO.
↑ Rupley, p. 27
↑ Rupley, p. 28
↑ Shoup, John A. (2011). Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-362-0.
↑ "Encyclopedia of the Nations." History. Advameg, Inc., n.d. Web. 8 October 2014.
↑ Rupley, p. xxvioi
↑ Rupley, p. 28
↑ Rupley, p. xxvix
↑ Rupley, pp. 30–33
↑ A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :02
↑ Figures de la révolution africaine, de Kenyatta à Sankara, La Découverte, 2014, pp. 271–288.
↑ Mahir Saul and Patrick Royer, West African Challenge to Empire, 2001
↑ More (Language of the Moose people) Phrase Book. World Digital Library.
↑ Anyangwe, Carlson (2012). Revolutionary Overthrow of Constitutional Orders in Africa (in English). African Books Collective. ISBN 978-9956-727-78-0.
↑ Burkina Faso's history, also called Upper Volta, endured between 1960 and 1987, 6 military coups and the establishment of 3 republics. (en-GB).
↑ Thomas Sankara: the Upright Man by California Newsreel
↑ More (Language of the Mossi Tribe) Phrase Book – "Burkina Faso is a former French colony, which became the independent state of Upper Volta in 1960. In 1984 the country adopted its present name, meaning "Land of Incorruptible People".
↑ Kingfisher Geography Encyclopedia. ISBN 1-85613-582-9. Page 170
↑ Manning, Patrick (1998). Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: 1880–1995. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-521-64519-5. The name of the country was changed to Burkina Faso, and Sankara launched it on an aggressive, populist program of self-help.
↑ The name is an amalgam of More burkina ("honest", "upright", or "incorruptible men") and Jula faso ("homeland"; literally "father's house"). The "-be" suffix in the name for the people – Burkinabe – comes from the Fula plural suffix for people, -ɓe.
1 2 A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UprightDVD2
↑ Farid Omar (28 November 2007). Commemorating Thomas Sankara. Group for Research and Initiative for the Liberation of Africa (GRILA).
↑ A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Grila22
↑ A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UprightDVD3
↑ X, Mr (28 October 2015). "Resurrecting Thomas Sankara – My Blog". My Blog. http://thomassankara.net/resurrecting-thomas-sankara/?lang=en.
↑ Lepidi, Pierre (3 January 2020). "Thomas Sankara, l'écologiste" (fr). Le Monde (Paris). https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/01/03/thomas-sankara-l-ecologiste_6024742_3212.html.
↑ Aidi, Hisham. "Reviving Thomas Sankara's spirit". Al Jazeera. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/06/reviving-thomas-sankara-spirit-150603104633020.html.
↑ MacDougall, C. (2021), Who Killed Thomas Sankara, retrieved 13 March 2024
↑ "Burkina Faso "wants France to release Sankara archives"", BBC News, 2016, retrieved 13 March 2024
↑ Thomas Sankara murder: Ex-Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaoré found guilty, 2022, retrieved 13 March 2024
↑ Jaffré, Bruno (9 September 2009). Assassination of Thomas Sankara: evidence of a documentary by RAI 3 involve France, CIA and Blaise Compaoré. thomassankara.net.
↑ Kasuka, Bridgette, ed. (2011). African Leaders. Bankole Kamara Taylor. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4681-1436-2.^{[unreliable source?]}
↑ Mathieu Bonkoungou (17 October 2007). Burkina Faso Salutes "Africa's Che" Thomas Sankara. Reuters.
↑ "Burkina Faso Profile", BBC NEWS AFRICA, 21 March 2014, 24 September 2014.
↑ "Burkina opposition calls anti-president demo". The Daily Star. 23 April 2011. http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=182823.
↑ Taoko, Hervé; Nossiter, Adam (27 April 2011). "Mayor's Home Burned as Burkina Faso Protests Continue". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/28/world/africa/28burkina.html.
↑ Gongo, Simon (28 April 2011). "Burkina Faso Riot Police Join Wave of Protests After Government Dissolved". Bloomberg L.P.. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-28/burkina-faso-riot-police-join-wave-of-protests-after-government-dissolved.html.
↑ "Burkina Faso teachers' strike: Union agrees deal". BBC News. 25 May 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13542959.
↑ "Burkina Faso government replaces its governors". Taiwan News. 9 June 2011. http://www.taiwannews.com.tw/etn/news_content.php?id=1623195.
↑ United Nation (2016). List of Least Developed Countries. United Nations.
↑ Burkina Faso protesters set parliament on fire, take over state TV and march on presidency. The Sydney Morning Herald (30 October 2014).
↑ Burkina Faso General Takes Power After President Resigns. Bloomberg BusinessWeek.
↑ Herve, Taoko and Cowelloct, Alan (31 October 2014) Burkina Faso's President Resigns, and General Takes Reins. The New York Times.
↑ "Army backs new Burkina Faso leader Isaac Zida". BBC News. November 2014. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29863004.
↑ "Burkina Faso talks agree on plan for return to civilian rule". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-burkina-politics-idUSKCN0IT0U320141109.
↑ Raziye Akkoc (17 September 2015). "Burkina Faso coup: military says it now controls country after arresting leaders: live". The Daily Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/burkinafaso/11870962/Burkina-Faso-coup-military-says-it-now-controls-country-after-arresting-leaders-live.html.
↑ Andrusewicz, Marie (22 September 2015). "Burkina Faso Leader Apologizes To Nation For Seizing Power in a Coup". NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/22/442441403/burkina-faso-leader-apologizes-to-nation-for-seizing-power-in-a-coup.
↑ Wagner, Laura (23 September 2015). "A Week After Coup, Burkina Faso's Interim President Back in Power". NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/23/442826830/1-week-after-coup-burkina-fasos-interim-president-back-in-power.
↑ Mathieu Bonkoungou and Nadoun Coulibaly, "Kabore wins Burkina Faso presidential election", Reuters, 1 December 2015.
↑ "Burkina Faso swears in new president, capping transition". Agence France-Presse. 29 December 2015. https://news.yahoo.com/burkina-faso-swears-president-capping-transition-161614791.html.
↑ Burkina Faso elections: Kabore's party fails to clinch majority parliamentary seats (30 November 2020).
↑ Ludivine Laniepce, Au Burkina Faso, les frontières de la peur, La Croix, 19 octobre 2016.
↑ Le Burkina Faso va renforcer la sécurité de ses postes de police frontaliers (fr) (27 October 2016).
1 2 Un groupe jihadiste tente de s'implanter au Burkina Faso Archived 29 Silimin gɔli March 2019 at the Wayback Machine, RFI, 10 février 2017.
↑ "Comment est né Ansaroul Islam, premier groupe djihadiste de l'Histoire du Burkina Faso" (fr). Le Monde.fr. 11 April 2017. https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2017/04/11/comment-est-ne-ansaroul-islam-premier-groupe-djihadiste-de-l-histoire-du-burkina-faso_5109520_3212.html.
↑ Qui est l'imam Ibrahim Dicko, la nouvelle terreur du nord du Burkina ? – Jeune Afrique (fr-FR) (9 January 2017).
↑ Benjamin Roger, Qui est l'imam Ibrahim Dicko, la nouvelle terreur du nord du Burkina ?, Jeune Afrique, 9 janvier 2016.
↑ Barkhane : opération transfrontalière Panga dans la boucle du Niger élargie (fr).
↑ Mali: opération anti-terroriste d'envergure à la frontière avec le Burkina Faso (fr) (6 April 2017).
↑ Meurtres dans le nord du Burkina: Ansarul Islam victime d'une guerre intestine? (fr) (26 July 2017).
↑ Attaques de Ouagadougou : un nouveau bilan fait état de huit militaires burkinabés tués Archived 21 Silimin gɔli December 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Le Monde-AFP, 7 mars 2018.
↑ Burkina : les autorités confrontées à un nouveau défi sécuritaire dans l'Est – Jeune Afrique (fr-FR) (19 September 2018).
↑ "Le Burkina Faso désormais sur la carte du djihadisme" (fr). Le Monde.fr. 18 October 2018. https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/10/18/le-burkina-faso-desormais-sur-la-carte-du-djihadisme_5371448_3212.html.
↑ Burkina : les autorités confrontées à un nouveau défi sécuritaire dans l'Est – Jeune Afrique (fr-FR) (19 September 2018).
↑ "Le Burkina Faso désormais sur la carte du djihadisme" (fr). Le Monde.fr. 18 October 2018. https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/10/18/le-burkina-faso-desormais-sur-la-carte-du-djihadisme_5371448_3212.html.
↑ Macé, Célian. Dans l'est du Burkina Faso, un nouveau foyer pour le jihad ? (fr).
↑ Burkina Faso: vaste opération de sécurité dans les forêts de l'Est (fr) (8 October 2018).
↑ Barkhane en opération au Burkina Faso (fr) (10 October 2018).
↑ "La France "disposée" à apporter au Burkina le même soutien militaire qu'au Mali" (fr). Le Monde. 10 October 2018. https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/10/10/la-france-disposee-a-apporter-au-burkina-le-meme-soutien-militaire-qu-au-mali_5367342_3212.html.
↑ Burkina Faso: Atrocities by Armed Islamists, Security Forces (en) (22 March 2019).
↑ "Au moins cinquante morts dans une série d'attaques au Burkina Faso" (fr). Le Monde. 2 June 2020. https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/06/02/au-moins-cinquante-morts-dans-une-serie-d-attaques-au-burkina-faso_6041511_3212.html.
↑ Six morts dans l'attaque d'un temple protestant au Burkina Faso (fr) (29 April 2019).
↑ Burkina Faso: Armed Islamist Atrocities Surge (en) (6 January 2020).
↑ "Six personnes tuées dans une église dans le nord du Burkina Faso" (fr). Le Monde.fr. 12 May 2019. https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/05/12/six-personnes-tuees-dans-une-eglise-dans-le-nord-du-burkina-faso_5461148_3212.html.
↑ Terrorism gains ground in Burkina Faso (en-US) (2022-11-10).
↑ U.S. Embassy Ouagadougou Statement on Human Rights Watch Report (July 8): Burkina Faso Allegations of Extrajudicial Killings (8 July 2020).
↑ Portland Press Herald, 5 June 2021
↑ Ouagadougou, The Guardian (19 August 2021). Jihadist attack in Burkina Faso kills 80 people (en).
↑ Maggie Dwyer (2022-01-28). "Burkina Faso's coup makers capitalized on wider grievances within the ranks". The Washington Post (Washington, D.C.). ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/28/burkina-fasos-coup-makers-capitalized-wider-grievances-within-ranks/.
↑ Burkina Faso mourns 41 killed in "insurgent" attack (en-GB).
↑ Terrorism increases in Burkina Faso (en-US) (2023-01-10).
↑ Ndiaga, Thiam; Mimault, Anne (24 January 2022). "Burkina Faso President Kabore detained at military camp, security sources say" (en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/burkina-faso-president-kabore-detained-military-camp-sources-tell-reuters-2022-01-24/.
↑ Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl..
↑ "Burkina Faso military says it has seized power" (en-GB). BBC News. 24 January 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60118993.
↑ "Burkina Faso coup: New leader Damiba gives first speech" (en-GB). BBC News. 28 January 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60164531.
↑ AfricaNews (10 February 2022). Burkina Faso: Lt Col Damiba declared president by the Constitutional Council (en).
↑ AfricaNews (16 February 2022). Burkina Faso's junta sworn in as president (en).
↑ Burkina Faso approves charter for 3-year transition (en-GB) (1 March 2022).
↑ Burkina Faso approves three-year transition before elections (en).
↑ Burkina Faso: l'ex-président Roch Marc Christian Kaboré libéré (fr) (6 April 2022).
↑ State controls just 60% of Burkina Faso: ECOWAS mediator (en).
↑ Sophie Douce (6 May 2022). Burkina Faso attempts difficult talks with jihadist groups.
↑ Inoussa Sankara (24 February 2022). Burkina Faso: les populations de Djibo appellent le MPSR de toute urgence, le récit d'une ville qui souffre le martyr entre les mains des terroristes (French).
↑ Burkina Faso – Escalation of violence and increased fighting (DG ECHO, Burkinabe press release, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 28 June 2023). ECHO (28 June 2023).
↑ Burkina: at least 34 soldiers and army auxiliaries killed in an attack (28 June 2023).
↑ "Armed men kill at least 100 in Burkina Faso border zone – security source" (en). Reuters. 2022-06-13. https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/least-100-killed-burkina-faso-attack-over-weekend-sources-2022-06-13/.
↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "UNHCR calls for urgent support to assist almost 16,000 newly displaced in Burkina Faso who fled massacre" (en). https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2022/6/62ac2d714/unhcr-calls-urgent-support-assist-16000-newly-displaced-burkina-faso-fled.html.
↑ Burkina Faso to create military zones to fight jihadi rebels (en) (2022-06-22).
↑ "Burkina Faso gives civilians 14 days to evacuate ahead of military operations" (en). Reuters. 2022-06-25. https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/burkina-faso-gives-civilians-14-days-evacuate-ahead-military-operations-2022-06-24/.
↑ "Burkina Faso army captain announces overthrow of military government" (en). Reuters. 30 September 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/burkina-faso-army-captain-announces-overthrow-military-government-2022-09-30/.
↑ Ouagadougou, Staff and agencies in (30 September 2022). Burkina Faso's military leader ousted in second coup this year (en).
↑ Wright, George (30 September 2022). "Burkina Faso unrest: Military officers remove leader Damiba". BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-63098217.
↑ Ndiaga, Thiam; Mimault, Anne (3 October 2022). "Burkina Faso president resigns on condition coup leader guarantees his safety" (en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/burkina-fasos-self-declared-military-leader-says-situation-is-under-control-2022-10-02/.
↑ "Traore officially appointed as transitional president of Burkina Faso after coup" (en). France 24. 6 October 2022. https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20221006-traore-officially-appointed-as-president-of-burkina-faso-after-coup.
↑ Com Kyélem de Tambèla, Burkina Faso está se voltando para a França? (pt) (2022-10-24).
↑ AfricaNews (2023-05-01). Survivors of Karma massacre recount ordeal (en).
↑ Au moins 150 civils massacrés dans le nord du Burkina Faso (fr).
↑ Burkina Faso: Army Linked to Massacre of 156 Civilians (4 May 2023).
↑ Burkina Faso: Killing of Civilians.
↑ Tiendrebeongo, Aristide (March 2013). Failure Likely. dandc.eu.
↑ Africa's human rights court and the limits of justice. Al Jazeera.
↑ Burkina Faso 2015 Human Rights Report. United States Department of State (2015).
↑ Burkina Faso (4 January 2018).
↑ Burkina Faso: Referendum on new constitution set for March 2019 (28 August 2018).
↑ "Burkina Faso military says it has seized power" (en-GB). BBC News. 24 January 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60118993.
↑ Burkina: des militaires annoncent la dissolution du gouvernement, le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré prend la tête du pays (fr). Radio France Internationale (30 September 2022).
↑ Online, Peace FM. Coup Underway In Burkina Faso, President Detained By Military.
↑ Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment – West Africa, 15 April 2009
1 2 Das, Dilip K. and Palmiotto, Michael J. (2005) World Police Encyclopedia, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-94250-0. pp. 139–141
↑ U.S. Dept. of State, Burkina Faso: Country Specific Information
↑ Foreign and Commonwealth Office,Sub-Saharan Africa: Burkina Faso. . Government of the United Kingdom
↑ Rupley, p. 27
1 2 Rupley, p. 28
↑ Shoup, John A. (2011). Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-362-0.
↑ "Encyclopedia of the Nations." History. Advameg, Inc., n.d. Web. 8 October 2014.
↑ Rupley, p. xxvioi
↑ Rupley, p. xxvix
↑ A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :4
↑ French no longer Burkina Faso’s official language. APA News (6 December 2023).
↑ Burkina Faso’s Constitutional Reforms: Disputed Legitimacy Versus Decided Legality. Constitutionnet (29 March 2024).
↑ Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. (Page on "Languages of Burkina Faso.")
↑ Recensement General de la Population et de L'Habitation (RGPH) de 2006. Analyse des Resultats Definitifs. Theme 2: Etat et Structure de la Population. Ministère de L'Économie et des Finances, Burkina Faso.
↑ (2017) "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience 67 (6): 534–545. DOI:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMID 28608869.
1 2 SIM Country Profile: Burkina Faso.
↑ Reardon, Thomas (1996). "Agroclimatic Shock, Income Inequality, and Poverty: Evidence from Burkina Faso". World Development 24 (5): 901–914. DOI:10.1016/0305-750x(96)00009-5.
↑ Ostergaard Nielsen, Jonas (February 2010). "Cultural barriers to climate change adaptation: A case study from Northern Burkina Faso". Global Environmental Change 20 (1): 142–152. DOI:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.10.002.
↑ Barbier (2009). "Human Vulnerability to Climate Variability in the Sahel: Farmers' Adaptation Strategies in Northern Burkina Faso". Environmental Management 43 (5): 790–803. DOI:10.1007/s00267-008-9237-9. PMID 19037691.
↑ (1993) "NDVI—crop monitoring and early yield assessment of Burkina Faso". International Journal of Remote Sensing 14 (8): 1495–1515. DOI:10.1080/01431169308953983.
1 2 (September 1988) "Coping with household-level food insecurity in drought-affected areas of Burkina Faso". World Development 16 (9): 1065–1074. DOI:10.1016/0305-750X(88)90109-X.
↑ Carla Roncoli (2001). "The costs and risks of coping with drought: livelihood impacts and farmers' responses in Burkina Faso". Climate Research 19: 119–132. DOI:10.3354/cr019119.
↑ Geography & Wildlife. www.our-africa.org.. our-africa.org
↑ OEC: Products exported by Bulgaria (2012). The Observatory of Economic Complexity.
↑ Burkina Faso's Top 10 Exports (17 January 2019).
↑ Burkina Faso (26 November 2017).
↑ Burkina Faso Financial Sector Profile., MFW4A
↑ Burkina Faso Travel Advisory (11 October 2016).
↑ "Burkina Faso"The world factbook (2024). Central intelligence agency. 21th December, 2018. Check date values in: |year= (help)
↑ Burkina Faso Economic Outlook (27th March, 2019.).
↑ [wfp.org/operations/burkina faso Burkina Faso Transitional ICSP (January -December 2018)].
1 2 3 4 5 Peter Newborne 2011. Pipes and People: Progress in Water Supply in Burkina Faso's Cities, London: Overseas Development Institute
↑ Burkina Faso: Programme Overview: Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH).
↑ Burkina Faso.
↑ European Rail Timetable, Summer 2014 Edition
↑ Burkina Faso Road Network.
↑ UNESCO Science Report towards 2030 PDF. UNESCO 2015. pp. 472–497. ISBN 978-92-3-100129-1. Check date values in: |year= (help)

Lahabali ŋɔ kuli nyɛla zaɣa ŋmaa. A ni tooi sɔŋsi Wikipedia ka ti sabi li ka di yaligi.

[1] Burkina Faso restores constitution, names coup leader president (en).

[:1-2] Aib, Az (2022-07-01). Burkina: 48,1% de la population du Sud-ouest pratique l'Animisme (officiel) (fr-FR).

[3] Toe, Olivier (2024-01-26). Burkina Faso: Captain Ibrahim Traoré formalises constitutional amendment in line with national realities (en-GB).

[:42-4] Decret Promulguant La Loi Constitutionnelle N° 045-2023/ALT (fr) (2024-01-22).

[5] Global voices Burkina Faso: Two languages are better than one (November 2014).

[CIAWorldFactBook2020-6] Tɛmplet:Cite CIA World Factbook

[7] Roy, Christopher D. "Countries of Africa: Burkina Faso," Art and Life in Africa, Countries Resources.

[8] Why the name: Burkina Faso?. afrolegends.com (12 September 2013).

[auto1-9] Tɛmplet:Cite CIA World Factbook

[10] iAfrica – Ancient History UNTOLD (in English). Forbidden Fruit Books LLC. p. 21.

[:0-11] 1 2 Burkina Faso (en-US) (23 October 2019).

[whc.unesco.org-12] UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Site archéologique de Bura". UNESCO.

[13] (2009) "Early Metal Working in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Recent Research.". The Journal of African History 35 (1): 1–36. DOI:10.1017/S0021853700025949.

[14] (1968) "Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa". Current Anthropology 9 (1): 54–58. DOI:10.1086/200878.

[15] Ancient Ferrous Metallurgy Sites of Burkina Faso. UNESCO.

[16] Rupley, p. 27

[ReferenceA2-17] Rupley, p. 28

[18] Shoup, John A. (2011). Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-362-0.

[Nations_20142-19] "Encyclopedia of the Nations." History. Advameg, Inc., n.d. Web. 8 October 2014.

[20] Rupley, p. xxvioi

[ReferenceA3-21] Rupley, p. 28

[22] Rupley, p. xxvix

[23] Rupley, pp. 30–33

[:02-24] A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :02

[25] Figures de la révolution africaine, de Kenyatta à Sankara, La Découverte, 2014, pp. 271–288.

[26] Mahir Saul and Patrick Royer, West African Challenge to Empire, 2001

[WDL1-27] More (Language of the Moose people) Phrase Book. World Digital Library.

[28] Anyangwe, Carlson (2012). Revolutionary Overthrow of Constitutional Orders in Africa (in English). African Books Collective. ISBN 978-9956-727-78-0.

[29] Burkina Faso's history, also called Upper Volta, endured between 1960 and 1987, 6 military coups and the establishment of 3 republics. (en-GB).

[UprightDVD-30] Thomas Sankara: the Upright Man by California Newsreel

[31] More (Language of the Mossi Tribe) Phrase Book – "Burkina Faso is a former French colony, which became the independent state of Upper Volta in 1960. In 1984 the country adopted its present name, meaning "Land of Incorruptible People".

[32] Kingfisher Geography Encyclopedia. ISBN 1-85613-582-9. Page 170

[33] Manning, Patrick (1998). Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: 1880–1995. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-521-64519-5. The name of the country was changed to Burkina Faso, and Sankara launched it on an aggressive, populist program of self-help.

[34] The name is an amalgam of More burkina ("honest", "upright", or "incorruptible men") and Jula faso ("homeland"; literally "father's house"). The "-be" suffix in the name for the people – Burkinabe – comes from the Fula plural suffix for people, -ɓe.

[UprightDVD2-35] 1 2 A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UprightDVD2

[Grila2-36] Farid Omar (28 November 2007). Commemorating Thomas Sankara. Group for Research and Initiative for the Liberation of Africa (GRILA).

[Grila22-37] A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Grila22

[UprightDVD3-38] A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UprightDVD3

[39] X, Mr (28 October 2015). "Resurrecting Thomas Sankara – My Blog". My Blog. http://thomassankara.net/resurrecting-thomas-sankara/?lang=en.

[40] Lepidi, Pierre (3 January 2020). "Thomas Sankara, l'écologiste" (fr). Le Monde (Paris). https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/01/03/thomas-sankara-l-ecologiste_6024742_3212.html.

[41] Aidi, Hisham. "Reviving Thomas Sankara's spirit". Al Jazeera. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/06/reviving-thomas-sankara-spirit-150603104633020.html.

[42] MacDougall, C. (2021), Who Killed Thomas Sankara, retrieved 13 March 2024

[43] "Burkina Faso "wants France to release Sankara archives"", BBC News, 2016, retrieved 13 March 2024

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[45] Jaffré, Bruno (9 September 2009). Assassination of Thomas Sankara: evidence of a documentary by RAI 3 involve France, CIA and Blaise Compaoré. thomassankara.net.

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[97] Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl..

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[103] Burkina Faso approves three-year transition before elections (en).

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