Ghana Alikaali nima
Yi palo
Ghana alikaali nima nyɛla baŋdi kuɣula ban ŋmaari sariya nim kootu puuni Ghana.
Alikaali Nima
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]# | Served from | Name | Previous judicial office | Served until | Replacing | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1960 | Kobina Arku Korsah | Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court | December 1963 | Inaugural | Chief Justice of Ghana 1957–1963 Dismissed by Kwame Nkrumah[1] |
2 | 1960 | William Van Lare | Appeal Court Judge 1957 | December 1963 | Inaugural | Retired when Supreme Court acquitted Tawia Adamafio and others on treason charges |
3 | 1960 | Gilbert Granville Sharp | Appeal Court Judge | 1961 | Inaugural | |
4 | 1960 | Julius Sarkodee-Addo[2] | High Court Judge | February 1966 | Inaugural | Chief Justice 1964–1966 Removed after coup d'état |
5 | July 1960[3] | Augustus Molade Akiwumi[4] | Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana (1958–1960) | 1961 | Inaugural | Speaker of Parliament of Ghana |
6 | 15 September 1961[5] | Samuel Azu Crabbe | High Court Judge 1959 |
1966 | Supreme Court was replaced by the Appeals Court in 1966 | |
6 | 1971[6] | Appeal Court Judge | 1972 | Supreme Court replaced by the Appeals Court in 1972 Chief Justice 1973–1977 | ||
7 | 15 September 1961[5] | Kofi Adumua Bossman | High Court Judge 2 July 1956 – 1962 | 2 March 1964 | Dismissed 2 March 1964 by Nkrumah[7] Member of Constitutional Commission 1966–1967 | |
8 | 1 September 1962[8] | George Commey Mills-Odoi | High Court Judge Jan 1960 Attorney General 1961–1962 |
February 1966 | ||
9 | 1 September 1962[8][9] | Nii Amaa Ollennu | High Court Judge | 1966 | Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana 1969–1972 | |
10 | 1 September 1962[8] | Robert Samuel Blay | Private legal practitioner | 2 March 1964 | Dismissed 2 March 1964 by Nkrumah[7] | |
11 | 1 September 1962[8] | Edward Akufo-Addo | Private legal practitioner | March 1964 | Dismissed 2 March 1964 by Nkrumah.[7] Reinstated by the NLC as an Appeals Court judge. Chief Justice (1966–1970) | |
12 | 2 March 1964[10][11] | Charles Acolatse | High Court Judge | 1965 | ||
13 | 2 March 1964[10][11] | Alfred Akainyah | High Court Judge | 7 June 1966 | William Van Lare | |
14 | 2 March 1964[10][12][11] | Fred Apaloo | High Court Judge | 1966 | Edward Akufo-Addo | Supreme Court replaced by Appeals Court |
14 | 1971[6] | Appeal Court Judge | 1972 | Supreme Court replaced by Appeals Court | ||
14 | 1980 | Appeal Court Judge | 1986 | Chief Justice of Ghana 1977–1986 Chief Justice of Kenya 1993–1995 | ||
15 | 26 June 1964[13] | William Bruce-Lyle | High Court Judge | 7 June 1966 | Supreme Court Judge in Zambia 1976–1980.[14] | |
16 | 26 June 1964[13] | Johnson Boateng Siriboe[15] | High Court Judge | 1966 | Supreme Court was replaced by the Appeals Court in 1966 by the National Liberation Council | |
16 | August 1970 | Appeal Court Judge | 1972[16] | Dismissed by NRC Military government. | ||
17 | 1965 | G. S. Lassey | High Court Judge | 1966 | Charles Acolatse | Supreme Court replaced by the Appeals Court by the then NLC government. |
18 | August 1970[17] | E. A. L. Bannerman | Legal adviser to Ghana Police and Ghana Airways (1967–70) | 20 September 1972[16] | Chief Justice 1970–1972 Sacked by NRC Military government. | |
19 | August 1970[17] | V. C. R. A. C. Crabbe[15] | Interim Electoral Commissioner | 1972 | ||
19 | 24 October 1980[18] | Appeal Court Judge | 1981 | |||
20 | August 1970[17] | Koi Larbi[19] | Member of the Council of State | 1972[16] | Sacked by NRC Military government. | |
21 | 1971 | Kwamena Bentsi-Enchill | Dean of the Faculty of law, University of Zambia | 30 September 1972[20] | ||
22 | 1971[6] | H. K. Prempeh | High Court Judge (1960–1964) Private legal practitioner |
1972 | ||
23 | 1971[6] | P. D. Anin | Appeal Court Judge (1969–1970) | 1972 | Supreme Court replaced by Appeals Court | |
23 | 24 October 1980[18][21] | Appeal Court Judge (1972–1980) | July 1982[22] | Retired voluntarily in July 1982 Later became a justice of the Appeal Court of the Gambia | ||
24 | 24 October 1980[21] | N. Y. B. Adade[23] | Attorney General 1969–1971 | 20 February 1996 | ||
25 | 24 October 1980[18][21] | Philip Archer[24] | Appeal Court judge | 1983 | Retired in 1983 | |
25 | 1991 | Appointed Chairman of the Law Reform Commission following his retirement as a Supreme Court judge, was called out of retirement in 1991 to serve as Chief Justice of Ghana | 21 February 1995 | Chief of Justice 1991–1995 | ||
26 | 24 October 1980[18][21] | E. N. P. Sowah | Appeal Court Judge | 1990[25] | Chief Justice of Ghana 1986–1990 | |
27 | 24 October 1980[21] | J. N. K. Taylor[26] | High Court Judge | 24 March 1990[27] | ||
28 | September 1985[28][29][30] | G. R. M. Francois[31] | Appeal Court Judge | 5 August 1994 | ||
29 | 1988[32][33] | Isaac Wuaku[34] | Appeal Court Judge | 29 December 1992 | ||
30 | 1988[32][33] | Kweku Etrew Amua-Sekyi[35] | Appeal Court Judge | 5 July 1996[36][37][38] | ||
31 | 1988[32][33] | Isaac K. Abban | Appeal Court Judge | 21 April 2001[39] | Chief Justice of Seychelles 1990–1993 Chief Justice of Ghana. Died in office. | |
32 | 1989 | Patrick Victor Osei-Hwere | Appeal Court Judge | 19 October 1992[40] | ||
33 | 20 February 1990[41][42] | G. E. K. Aikins | Attorney General of Ghana | 2 September 1998[43] | ||
34 | 1990 | Edward Wiredu[44] | Appeals Court Judge | 2003 | Chief Justice of Ghana
2001–2003 | |
35 | 19 November 1991[45] | Joyce Bamford-Addo | Director of Public Prosecutions 2nd Deputy Speaker of the Consultative Assembly |
October 2004[46] | First female justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana[47] and first female Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana | |
36 | 19 November 1991[48] | Charles Hayfron-Benjamin | Private legal practice | 4 April 1999 | ||
37 | 6 January 1993[49] | Francis Kpegah | Appeal Court Judge | 4 December 2008[50] | ||
38 | 6 January 1993 | A. K. B. Ampiah[51] | Appeal Court Judge | 25 July 2003 | ||
39 | 22 February 1995 | E. D. K. Adjabeng[51] | Appeal Court Judge | October 2002 | Resigned in October 2002 on personal grounds | |
40 | 30 November 1995 | George Kingsley Acquah[52] | Appeals Court Judge | 25 March 2007 | Chief Justice of Ghana. Died in office. | |
41 | 30 November 1995 | Sophia Akuffo | Private legal practitioner | 20 December 2019 | Chief Justice (2017–2019) | |
42 | 30 November 1995[53] | Isaac K. Amuah | Appeal Court Judge | 19 August 1997 | Died in office[54] | |
43 | 30 November 1995 | William Atuguba | State attorney | 1 July 2018 | 23 years in Supreme Court | |
44 | 15 April 1999 | John Debra Sapong[55] | Appeal Court Judge | 2 June 2000 | ||
45 | 15 April 1999 | Josiah Ofori Boateng[55] | Appeal Court Judge | 4 January 2001 | ||
46 | 28 November 2000[56] | Theodore Adzoe[57] | Private legal practitioner | 31 October 2008 | ||
47 | 28 November 2000[56][58] | George Lamptey | Appeal Court Judge | 3 June 2002 | ||
48 | 19 March 2002[59] | Kwame Afreh | Appeal Court Judge | September 2003[60] | ||
49 | 12 November 2002[61] | Georgina Wood | Appeal Court Judge 1991–2002 | 7 June 2017 | Chief Justice 2007–2017 | |
50 | 12 November 2002[61] | Samuel Glenn Baddoo | Appeal Court Judge | 3 March 2004 | ||
51 | 12 November 2002[61] | Stephen Alan Brobbey | Appeal Court Judge | 23 May 2012 | ||
52 | 12 November 2002[61] | Seth Twum | Private legal practitioner | 20 March 2007 | ||
53 | 21 May 2003[62][63] | Anselmus Kludze[64] | Professor of Law at the University of Ghana | 12 March 2004[63] | ||
54 | 16 September 2003[65][66] | Samuel Date-Bah | Special Adviser (Legal) at the Commonwealth Secretariat, London | August 2014 | ||
55 | 14 May 2004[67] | Tawia Modibo Ocran | Professor of Law at the University of Ghana | 27 October 2008[68] | Died in office | |
56 | 15 October 2004[69] | Richard Aninakwah[70] | Appeal Court Judge | 28 January 2008 | ||
57 | 15 October 2004[69] | Julius Ansah[70] | Appeal Court Judge | 2020 | ||
58 | 15 October 2004[69] | Felix Lartey[70] | Chief Justice of the Gambia | April 2005 | ||
59 | 15 March 2006[71] | Sophia Adinyira | Appeal Court Judge | 30 July 2019[72] | Judge on United Nations Appeals Tribunal 2009–2016 | |
60 | 15 March 2006[73] | Samuel Kwadwo Asiamah | Appeal Court Judge | 2009 | ||
61 | 11 June 2008[74] | Paul Baffoe-Bonnie | Appeal Court Judge | Incumbent | ||
62 | 11 June 2008[74] | Jones Dotse | Appeal Court Judge Supreme Court Judge in the Gambia |
Incumbent | ||
63 | 11 June 2008[74] | Anin Yeboah | Justice of the Court of Appeal (2003–2008) | Incumbent | Chief Justice (2020 to date)[75][76] | |
64 | 11 June 2008[74] | Rose Constance Owusu | Appeal Court Judge | June 2014[77] | ||
65 | 31 October 2009[78] | Vida Akoto-Bamfo | Appeal Court Judge | 14 February 2019[79] | Tawia Modibo Ocran | |
66 | 31 October 2009[78] | Benjamin Aryeetey | Appeal Court Judge | 2011 | Theodore Adzoe | |
67 | 31 October 2009[78] | Nasiru Gbadegbe | Appeal Court Judge | 8 December 2020[80][81] | Francis Kpegah | |
68 | 11 November 2012[82] | Joseph Akamba | Appeal Court Judge | 2016 | ||
69 | 11 November 2012[82] | Anthony Benin | Appeal Court Judge | January 2020[83][84] | ||
70 | 29 June 2015[85] | Yaw Appau | Appeal Court Judge | August 2021 | ||
71 | 29 June 2015[85] | Gabriel Pwamang | Private legal practitioner | Incumbent | ||
72 | 13 July 2018[86] | Nene Amegatcher | Private legal practitioner | Incumbent | President of the Ghana Bar Association (2012–2016) | |
73 | 13 July 2018[86] | Agnes Dordzie | Appeal Court Judge | 2 October 2022 | ||
74 | 13 July 2018[86] | Nii Ashie Kotey | Professor of Law at the University of Ghana | Incumbent | ||
75 | 13 July 2018[86] | Samuel Marful-Sau | Appeal Court Judge | 10 August 2021 | Died in office[87] | |
76 | 17 December 2019[88][89] | Mariama Owusu[90] | Appeal Court Judge | Incumbent | Sophia Akuffo | President of Ghana chapter, International Association of Women Judges, 2014 |
77 | 17 December 2019[88][89] | Avril Lovelace-Johnson[90] | Appeal Court Judge | Incumbent | Sophia Adinyira | |
78 | 17 December 2019[88][89] | Gertrude Tokornoo[90] | Appeal Court Judge | Incumbent | Vida Akoto-Bamfo | Vice-chair, e-Justice Committee Judicial Training Institute Board member |
79 | 22 May 2020[91] | Issifu Omoro Tanko Amadu | Appeal Court Judge[84] | Incumbent | Julius Ansah[92] | |
80 | 22 May 2020[93] | Clemence Jackson Honyenuga | Appeal Court Judge[84] | 4 September 2022 | Anthony Benin[92] | Although officially retired on 4 September 2022, he has been granted some time by the Chief Justice (Anin Yeboah) to conclude a pending case.[94] |
81 | 26 May 2020[95] | Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu | Professor of Law at the University of Ghana[84] | Incumbent | ||
82 | 26 May 2020[95] | Yonny Kulendi | Private legal practitioner[84] | Incumbent | Nasiru Sulemana Gbadegbe[92] | |
83 | 28 December 2022[96] | Barbara Frances Ackah-Yensu | Appeal Court Judge[97] | Incumbent | Samuel Marful-Sau[97] | |
84 | 28 December 2022[96] | Samuel Kwame Adibu Asiedu | Appeal Court Judge[97] | Incumbent | Yaw Appau |
Kundivihira
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]- ↑ (6 January 1964) "President Nkrumah Explains Government Action in Recent Treason Trial". Ghana News 2 (1).
- ↑ (April 1964) "Ghana Gets A New Chief Justice". Ghana News 2 (4).
- ↑ Amissah, A. N. E (1981). The contribution of the courts to government: a West African view. Clarendon Press. p. 169. ISBN 9780198253563.
- ↑ Quayson, Ato (15 August 2014). Oxford Street, Accra. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822357476. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 (1961) "Ghana Gazette".
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 (1971) "Review of Ghana Law, Volume 3". Review of Ghana Law.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 (1989) "West Africa" (3725–3749).
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Amissah, A. N. E (1981). The contribution of the courts to government: a West African view. Clarendon Press. p. 179. ISBN 9780198253563.
- ↑ Gold Coast. Mr Justice Nii Amaa Ollennu pictured with the Chief Justice and other.... The National Archives (United Kingdom).
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 (1963) "Africa Digest". Africa Digest 11.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 (1964) "Africa Report, Volumes 9-10". Africa Report.
- ↑ Amenumey, D. E. (2002). Outstanding Ewes of the twentieth century. Woeli Publishing Services. p. 28. ISBN 9789964978839.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 (1964) "Africa Report, Volumes 9-10". Africa Report.
- ↑ Chanda, Davies M. M. (13 November 2014). "EVOLUTION OF JUDICIARY SINCE 1964". Times of Zambia Online. Times of Zambia. http://www.times.co.zm/?p=42390.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Ghana Year Book. Accra: Graphic Corporation. 1970. p. 63. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 THE NATIONAL RECONCILIATION COMMISSION REPORT (PDF). Accra: Government of Ghana. October 2004. p. 92. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-16. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Collings, Rex (1970). Rubin, Neville; Cortran, Eugene (eds.). Annual Survey of African Law. p. 15. ISBN 9780874715033.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 (October 1980) "Judiciary Urged to Ensure Democratic Rule". Ghana News 9 (10).
- ↑ Ghana Year Book. Accra: Graphic Corporation. 1970. p. 63. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
- ↑ Kojo Bentsi-Enchill believes the best check on Ghana's judiciary is information. Legal Affairs Magazine Archive.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 (1980) "Review of Ghana Law, Volume 12". Review of Ghana Law.
- ↑ (1980) "Review of Ghana Law, Volume 12". Review of Ghana Law.
- ↑ Akufo-Addo's tribute to Justice N.Y.B Adade. GhanaWeb (18 August 2013).
- ↑ Justice Archer laid to rest. GhanaWeb (24 June 2002).
- ↑ List of Chief Justices. Judicial Service of Ghana.
- ↑ (1988) "Ghana Bar Bulletin". Ghana Bar Bulletin 1.
- ↑ (1990) "West Africa, Issues 3788-3800". West Africa.
- ↑ (1985) "West Africa, Issues 3515-3531". West Africa.
- ↑ M. H. Samuel (1985). "African Recorder, Volume 24".
- ↑ M. H. Samuel (1985). "African Recorder, Volume 24".
- ↑ 'A review is not an appeal'—Justice Francois. GhanaWeb (10 April 2002).
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 (1988) "West Africa, Issues 3673-3688". West Africa.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 (1988) "Ghana Newsletter, Volume 6". Ghana Newsletter.
- ↑ "Perpetrators will face the Law". Daily Graphic (Graphic Communications Group Ltd) (148516). 7 May 2002. https://books.google.com/books?id=utxmAAAAcAAJ&q=isaac+wuaku&pg=PA1.
- ↑ The man Justice Amua-Sekyi. GhanaWeb (7 July 2007).
- ↑ Lawyers, judges asked to uphold truth and justice. Ghana Business News (21 May 2012).
- ↑ Asamoah, Obed (2014). The Political History of Ghana (1950–2013): The Experience of a Non-Conformist. p. 502. ISBN 9781496985637.
- ↑ (1996) "The Supreme Court of Ghana Law Reports". The Supreme Court of Ghana Law Reports.
- ↑ Chief Justice Abban Is Dead. GhanaWeb (22 April 2001).
- ↑ (1996) "The Supreme Court of Ghana Law Reports". The Supreme Court of Ghana Law Reports.
- ↑ (1990) "West Africa, Issues 3788-3800". West Africa.
- ↑ (1990) "West Africa, Issues 3788-3800". West Africa.
- ↑ The Supreme Court of Ghana Law Reports. Accra: Advanced Legal Publications. 1998. p. vi. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ↑ Ex-Chief Justice Wiredu is dead. GhanaWeb (1 February 2008).
- ↑ CV of the new Speaker. GhanaWeb (8 January 2009).
- ↑ Profile of Justice Joyce Bamford-Addo. Modern Ghana (7 January 2009).
- ↑ Vieta, K. T. (1999). The Flagbearers of Ghana: Profiles of One Hundred Distinguished Ghanaians, Volume 1. Ena Publications. p. 273. ISBN 9789988001384.
- ↑ Justice Hayfron-Benjamin reported dead. ModernGhana (10 July 2007).
- ↑ Kpegah Acts As Chief Justice. Modern Ghana (28 March 2007).
- ↑ Ghana: Kpegah Perches @ Supreme Court—Six Months After Resigning From the Bench. All Africa (19 June 2019).
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 Fast Track Court is illegal -Supreme Court. GhanaWeb (28 February 2002).
- ↑ Chief Justice is dead. GhanaWeb (25 March 2007).
- ↑ (1996) "The Supreme Court of Ghana Law Reports". The Supreme Court of Ghana Law Reports.
- ↑ (1996) "The Supreme Court of Ghana Law Reports". The Supreme Court of Ghana Law Reports.
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 The man Justice Amua-Sekyi. GhanaWeb (30 March 1999).
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 Rawlings swears in two Supreme Court judges (en).
- ↑ Justice Theodore Adzoe retires. GhanaWeb (9 December 2008).
- ↑ George L. Lamptey—Biography. GhanaWeb.
- ↑ Afreh gets Parliamentary approval to Supreme Court. GhanaWeb (19 March 2002).
- ↑ President Kufuor mourns Justice Afreh. Ghana Web (19 March 2004).
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 Supreme Court Judges sworn in. GhanaWeb.com (13 November 2002).
- ↑ Twenty-one Judges Sworn Into Office. GhanaWeb (30 November 2001).
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 (2003) "The Supreme Court of Ghana Law Reports, Volume 2". The Supreme Court of Ghana Law Reports.
- ↑ NASA rocket scientist loses illustrious father. GhanaWeb (29 November 2013).
- ↑ GNA (2003-09-16). Let jurisprudence and wisdom be the guide in judgement - JAK (en).
- ↑ Prof. Justice Date-Bah retires with honour. Graphic Communications Group Ltd (29 July 2013).
- ↑ BusinessGhana.
- ↑ Justice Tawia Modibo Ocran. Akron Beacon Journal.
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 3 Judges nominated to Supreme Court. GhanaWeb (3 July 2004).
- ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 Ten Justices sworn into office to the Superior Courts of Judicature. GhanaWeb (15 October 2004).
- ↑ Who takes over from Georgina Wood?. GhanaWeb (9 May 2017).
- ↑ Supreme Court judge Sophia Adinyira retires. GhanaWeb (30 July 2019).
- ↑ TWO NEW SUPREME COURT JUDGES SWORN IN. Internet Archive.
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 Four new Supreme Court Judges Sworn In. GhanaWeb (11 June 2008).
- ↑ Anin Yeboah sworn in as 14th Chief Justice of Ghana. GhanaWeb (7 January 2020).
- ↑ I'll jealously guard the integrity of the judiciary – Chief Justice. GhanaWeb (7 January 2020).
- ↑ SC Justice Rose Constance Owusu retires. GhanaWeb (3 June 2014).
- ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 New Justices Get Approval. ModernGhana (31 October 2009).
- ↑ Justice Akoto-Bamfo delivers farewell judgment as she retires. GhanaWeb (14 February 2019).
- ↑ Justice Gbadegbe cries in Court as he retires (en) (3 December 2020).
- ↑ Don't compromise on requirements of justice - Justice Gbadegbe (3 December 2020).
- ↑ 82.0 82.1 Two Supreme Court judges sworn in. National Demkocratic Congress UK (11 November 2012).
- ↑ (June 2020) "Don't be Scared by Public Interest Cases - Justice Benin to Judges". The Judicial Digest 11: 16–18.
- ↑ 84.0 84.1 84.2 84.3 84.4 Kulendi, Honyenuga, 2 others get nod for Supreme Court bench. GhanaWeb (20 May 2020).
- ↑ 85.0 85.1 Mahama swears in two Supreme Court Judges. GhanaWeb (29 June 2015).
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 Akufo-Addo appoints 4 new Supreme Court Justices. GhanaWeb (3 July 2018).
- ↑ Supreme Court judge Justice Samuel Marful-Sau passes on - MyJoyOnline.com (en-US).
- ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 Akufo-Addo swears in 46 judges. GhanaWeb (17 December 2019).
- ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 Apply laws without fear or favour – Akufo-Addo to new Supreme Court Justices. JoyOnline (17 December 2019).
- ↑ 90.0 90.1 90.2 Nana Addo nominates three new judges to Supreme Court. GhanaWeb.
- ↑ Amadu Tanko sworn in as first Muslim Supreme Court Justice. GhanaWeb (22 May 2020).
- ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 Judge who praised Nana Addo, 2 others appointed to Supreme Court (3 March 2020).
- ↑ Overlook vetting challenges – Akufo-Addo to Justice Honyenuga. GhanaWeb (22 May 2020).
- ↑ It’s an error - Retired Justice Honyenuga admits misquoting the constitution for his extension (en) (2022-11-16).
- ↑ 95.0 95.1 A chirim ya: Invalid
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- ↑ 96.0 96.1 Supreme Court decisions must lead to national development - President Akufo-Addo.
- ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 Akufo-Addo inducts two new Supreme Court judges into office - MyJoyOnline.com (en-US) (2022-12-29).