Yiɣi chaŋ yɛligu maŋamaŋa puuni

List of religions in Africa

Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia

Tɛmplet:Religion by Country

Tɛmplet:Pie chart/sliceTɛmplet:Pie chart/sliceTɛmplet:Pie chart/sliceTɛmplet:Pie chart/slice

Religion in Africa (2020 estimate)[1]

  Christianity (49.3%)
  Islam (41.5%)
  Traditional faiths (7.9%)
  None / Other (1.3%)

Adiini gban sabila tingbana nyɛla multifaceted ka di nyɛ din zoogi ka di nyɛ art, culture ni philosophy puuni. Zɔŋɔ, gbansabila tingban daadam biɛlgu nyɛla ban pan zaŋ bɛ maŋ zaŋ n-ti Dolodolo daadiini, Musulinsi daadiini n ti pahi dagban dɔhili adiini shɛŋa din be Gbansabila tingbana ŋɔ ni.[2] Dolodolo daadiini ni bee Musulinsi daadiini ni, dihi tabili zaŋ kana adiini nim ŋɔ ni ni di tuma nyɛla din duntam syncretism zuɣu ni dihi tabili zaŋ chaŋ dagbandɔhili adiini polo.[3][4][5]

Traditional African religions

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Main article: Traditional African religions
A Vodun altar in Abomey, Benin
An early 20th-century Yoruba divination board

Africa nyɛla duniya yaɣi shɛli niriba ni mali dihi tabili pam zaŋ chaŋ dagbandɔhili polo. [6] Hali di ni kuli niŋ di ka dagban dɔhili adiini tuma nim nyɛ yaɣa pam ni tumdi shɛli ŋɔ, di bahi nyɛla din yi di ko n zaŋ ti ninvuɣu shaba bee tingban shaba.[7] Dagban dɔhili adiini nim di be Africa nyɛla ban zaa mali dihitabili zaŋ chanŋ animistic core polo ka di nyɛ din gba talahi pam zaŋ chŋ bɛ yaan nim jambu polo.[8]

Dr J Omosade Awolalu, yɛliya ni "olden" lala bachi ŋɔ gbunni ni di ni zaŋtum tuma luɣi shɛli ŋɔ nyɛla tuun kura din bi sabi n dɔya, ka nyɛ binshɛli bi ni zaŋdi n titr saha kam daadama, ni bɛ zaŋ li tum tuma ʒɛmani ŋɔ ni hali ʒɛmana din na yan kana. Bin'shɛŋa ti ni daa deegi ti yaannima sani nyɛla bɛ ni bi gbubi shɛli kamani kurumbuni ha bini, amaa bɛ zaŋ la di mini zɔŋɔ Dina n laɣin taba m malili kuri bukaata nim zɔŋɔ ni hali ni shɛma din ka bahigu.[5]

Di ni kuli yɛri labiri yɛri maa, Africa nyɛla tingbani din galisi pam, kalahi nyɛ tingban shɛli ban dihi tabili bɛ kali pam, ka lan mali bala pam di puuni.Tɛmplet:Clarify[5]

West African

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Lala lahabali ŋɔ nyɛla din nyɛ nolini baŋsim, din nyɛ din sabi n do salinim suhurini, bɛ zuɣu purini, bɛ taada ni, yɛltɔɣa ni ni bɛ daa diini nim ni zaa tuma shɛhi.[9] Di ka ŋun namli bee ŋun zaŋli na kamani ; Gautama Buddha, Jesus, bee Muhammed.[10] Di lan nyɛla din ka ban tuhi di tooni chandi zuɣu. [11] Africa dagban dohili daa diini nim maa shɛŋa n nyɛ Serer din be Senegal la, Yoruba din be Nigeria la n ti pahi Akan zuliya ban be Ghana mini Ivory Coast la, ni Bono ban be Ghana ni ivory Coast la. Yaɣi shɛli bɛ ni boli western coast nyɛla bɛ ni lihiri ni shɛli gba nyɛla Yoruba mini Anglican adiini syncretism nima .[12] Adiini shɛli salo shabi bɛ ni mi ni Gbe peoples (mostly the Ewe and Fon) ban be Benin, Togo ni Ghana nyɛla bɛ ni mi shɛli Vodun ka di nyɛ din yina kurumbuni ha yushɛŋa ŋan daa booni kamani : Louisiana Voodoo, Haitian Vodou, Cuban Vodú, Dominican Vudú n ti pahi Brazilian Vodum la.

Waliginsim shɛŋa din be West African mini East bee Hornn adiini ni shɛŋa nyɛla; "supernatural" mini "natural" bee "tangible" din ni tooi nyɛ zaɣi yini bee yim. Clergymen din be adiini nim ŋɔ ni din mali salo pam la nyɛla bɛ ni mi shɛli ni waganga.[13]

Adiini buɣi shɛli din kuli yoli n zaŋ ti Cushitic Horners nyɛla Waaq, di ni nyɛ bɛ ni mi shɛli zɔŋɔ ni Waaqeffanna mini Waaqism la .[14] Sasabiri ŋun yuli booni Lugira, yɛliya ni dagban dɔhili adiini shɛŋa din be Africa la nyɛla adiini shɛŋa bɛ ni tooi yɛlli ni di daa pilli la gbaŋsabila tiŋgbani. Adiini shɛŋa din pahi be Afirika nyɛla din gba daa piligi dunia yaɣa shɛŋa dabam.[15]

Abrahamic religions

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Gban sabila pam nyɛla ba piigi Dolodolo daa diini bee Musulinsi daa diini. Gban sabila nyɛla ban tooi laɣindi bɛ dagban dɔhili jama mini f Abrahamic religions taba.[16][17][18][19][20] Abrahamic religions nyɛla din zoogi pam gban sabila tingbana ni. Di nyɛla di yaligi African dagban dohili daa diini nim ni pam amaa ka zooi ka di saɣiri tiri African kaya ni taada biɛhisi . The World Book Encyclopedia nyɛla din mali laasabu yuuni 2002 ka yɛli ni Dolodolo adiini nyɛla vaai kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinahi ni anu gban sabila daadam biɛlim puuni, ka musulin nim gba vaai vaabu pihinahi kobigi puuni. Bɛ daa lan mali laasabu yuuni 2002 ka daa lan yɛli ni Dolodolo nim gbubila vaabu pihinahi ni anu 45% ka Musulin nim gbubi vaabu 40.6% gbansabila daadam biɛlim puuni.

Main article: Christianity in Africa
Country Population Christian Muslim Irreligion Hindu Buddhist Folk religion Other religion Jewish
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Algeria Algeria 43,851,044 419,570 1.00 43,734,560 98.00 354,700 1.8 0 0.00 0 0.00 10,000 0.20 0 0.00 140,000 0.33
Egypt Egypt 81,120,000 9,486,120 11.20 76,982,880 88.90 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1,000 0.10
Tɛmplet:Country data Libya Libya 6,360,000 171,720 2.70 6,143,760 96.60 12,720 0.20 0 0.00 19,080 0.30 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Morocco Morocco 31,950,000 20,000 0.06 31,918,050 99.90 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3,200 0.01 2,200 0.04
Tɛmplet:Country data Sudan Sudan 33,600,000 1,814,400 5.40 30,475,200 90.70 336,000 1.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 940,800 2.80 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tunisia Tunisia 10,480,000 20,960 0.20 10,427,600 99.50 20,960 0.20 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1,100 0.10

Eastern Africa

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Country Population Christian Muslim Irreligion Hindu Buddhist Folk religion Other religion Jewish
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Tɛmplet:Country data Burundi Burundi 13,162,955 12,294,199 93.40 276,422 2.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 477,960 5.70 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Comoros Comoros 730,620 5,000 0.20 725,620 99.80 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 000 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Djibouti Djibouti 893,450 20,470 2.30 862,410 96.90 1,780 0.20 0 0.00 0 0.00 2,670 0.30 0 0.00 1,780 0.20
Tɛmplet:Country data Eritrea Eritrea 5,250,000 2,625,000 50.00 2,520,000 48.00 5,250 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 21,000 0.40 0 0.00 0 0.00
Ethiopia Ethiopia 126,527,060 85,152,711 67.3 39,602,969 31.3 50,000 0.06 0 0.00 0 0.00 2,156,700 2.60 0 0.00 25,000 1.00
Kenya Kenya[21] 47,564,296 44,667,473 85.5 5,184,508 10.9 761,029 1.60 61,834 0.13 N/A N/A 323,437 0.68 546,989 1.15 N/A N/A
Tɛmplet:Country data Madagascar Madagascar 28,812,195 24,403,929 84.7 893,178 3.1 1,428,990 6.90 10,000 0.05 0 0.00 931,950 4.50 20,000 0.10 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Malawi Malawi[22] 17,563,749 13,581,623 77.33 2,426,754 13.82 376,784 2.15 3,211 0.02 5,506 0.03 186,284 1.06 983,587 5.60 N/A N/A
Tɛmplet:Country data Mauritius Mauritius 1,235,260 328,900 25.30 217,100 16.70 7,800 0.60 733,200 56.40 0 0.00 9,100 0.70 3,900 0.30 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Mayotte Mayotte 200,000 1,400 0.70 197,200 98.60 400 0.20 0 0.00 0 0.00 1,000 0.50 0 0.00 0 0.00
Mozambique Mozambique 34,173,805 21,187,759 62.00 6,493,022 19.00 4,186,810 17.90 0 0.00 0 0.00 1,730,860 7.40 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Reunion Reunion 850,000 744,600 87.60 35,700 4.20 17,000 2.00 38,250 4.50 1,700 0.20 3,400 0.40 9,350 1.10 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Rwanda Rwanda 13,400,541 12,569,707 93.80 294,811 2.20 382,320 3.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 106,200 1.00 21,240 0.20 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Seychelles Seychelles 90,000 84,600 94.00 1,038 1.10 1,890 2.10 1,890 2.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 540 0.60 0 0.00
Somalia Somalia 9,330,000 100 0.01 9,311,340 99.80 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data South Sudan South Sudan 12,118,379 7,331,619 60.50 751,339 6.20 49,750 0.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 3,273,550 32.90 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Tanzania Tanzania 61,741,120 38,958,647 63.10 21,053,722 34.10 627,760 1.40 44,840 0.10 0 0.00 807,120 1.80 30,000 0.07 0 0.00
Uganda Uganda 47,729,952 40,284,079 84.4 6,539,003 13.7 167,100 0.50 100,260 0.30 0 0.00 300,780 0.90 33,420 0.10 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Zambia Zambia 20,216,029 19,730,844 97.60 202,160 1.00 65,450 0.50 13,090 0.10 0 0.00 39,270 0.30 117,810 0.90 0 0.00
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 16,775,307 14,678,393 87.50 167,753 1.00 993,030 7.90 0 0.00 0 0.00 477,660 3.80 37,710 0.30 10,000 0.08
Eastern Africa 333,970,000 238,006,180 71.27 73,510,760 22.01 9,371,310 2.81 982,040 0.29 1,700 0.00 11,288,190 3.38 760,090 0.23 11,780 0.00

Central Africa

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Country< Population Christian Muslim Irreligion Hindu Buddhist Folk religion Other religion Jewish
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Angola Angola 35,981,281 33,426,610 92.90 395,794 1.10 973,080 5.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 801,360 4.20 0 0.00 0 0.00
Cameroon Cameroon 30,135,732 17,991,032 59.70 6,087,417 20.20 1,038,800 5.30 0 0.00 0 0.00 646,800 3.30 529,270 2.70 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Central African Republic Central African Republic 4,403,540 3,938,000 89.50 862,000 15.00 44,000 1.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 44,000 1.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Chad Chad 11,230,000 4,559,380 40.60 9,200,000 58.00 280,750 2.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 157,220 1.40 11,230 0.10 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Democratic Republic of Congo DRC 111,859,928 104,161,811 95.80 2,125,338 1.90 1,187,460 1.80 30,000 0.05 0 0.00 461,790 0.70 65,970 0.10 2,500 0.00003
Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo 4,040,000 3,470,360 85.90 108,000 2.00 363,600 9.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 113,120 2.80 44,440 1.10 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea 700,000 620,900 88.70 80,000 10.00 35,000 5.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 11,900 1.70 3,500 0.50 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Gabon Gabon 1,510,000 1,155,150 76.50 169,120 11.20 84,560 5.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 90,600 6.00 10,570 0.70 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe São Tome and Príncipe 170,000 139,740 82.20 6,000 3.00 21,420 12.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 4,930 2.90 4,080 2.40 0 0.00

Southern Africa

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Country Population Christian Muslim Irreligion Hindu Buddhist Folk religion Other religion Jewish
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Tɛmplet:Country data Botswana Botswana 2,010,000 1,449,210 72.10 8,040 0.40 414,060 20.60 6,030 0.30 0 0.00 120,600 6.00 12,060 0.60 0 0.00
Eswatini Eswatini 1,193,560 1,051,526 88.10 2,400 2.00 120,190 10.10 1,190 0.10 0 0.00 11,900 1.00 4,760 0.40 0 0.00

Tɛmplet:Country data Lesotho Lesotho

2,170,000 2,105,560 96.70 3,000 0.10 67,270 3.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 2,170 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Namibia Namibia 2,280,000 2,223,000 97.50 6,840 0.30 43,320 1.90 0 0.00 0 0.00 4,560 0.20 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Saint Helena Saint Helena 4,000 3,860 96.50 140 03.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
South Africa South Africa 62,027,503 50,366,332 81.20 1,240,550 2.00 6,136,274 14.90 753,524 1.70 100,260 0.20 200,520 0.40 150,390 0.30 50,130 0.10


Western Africa

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Country Population Christian Muslim Irreligion Hindu Buddhist Folk religion Other religion Not Stated/Undeclared
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Benin Benin 13,852,780 5,690,500 48.00 3,141,320 28.00 442,500 6.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1,601,850 18.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Burkina Faso Burkina Faso 20,505,155 5,392,855 26.3 13,082,290 63.8 1,845,463 9.0 184,546 0.9 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Cape Verde Cape Verde 512,450 445,500 89.10 800 2.00 45,500 9.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 7,500 1.50 1,000 0.20 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Gambia Gambia 1,730,000 77,850 4.50 1,645,230 95.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1,730 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00
Ghana Ghana[23] 34,237,620 24,411,423 71.3 6,813,286 19.9 338,720 1.1 985,365 3.2 1,385,665 4.5
Guinea Guinea 9,980,000 1,087,820 10.90 8,423,120 84.40 179,640 1.80 0 0.00 0 0.00 269,460 2.70 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Guinea-Bissau Guinea Bissau 1,520,000 300,000 20.00 826,800 45.20 65,360 4.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 469,680 28.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Ivory Coast Ivory Coast[24] 29,389,150 11,696,880 39.8 12,490,390 42.5 3,703,033 12.6 646,450 2.2 205,725 0.7 646,560 2.2
Liberia Liberia 3,990,000 3,427,410 85.90 962,000 20.00 55,860 1.40 0 0.00 0 0.00 19,950 0.50 3,990 0.10 0 0.00
Mali Mali 19,329,841 491,840 3.20 17,508,400 95.00 414,990 0.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 245,920 1.20 0 0.00 0 0.00
Mauritania Mauritania 4,594,525 3,000 0.10 4,591,525 99.90 0 0 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Niger Niger 15,510,000 124,080 0.80 15,261,840 98.40 108,570 0.70 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Nigeria Nigeria 230,842,743 113,805,472 49.3 112,651,258 48.8 633,680 0.04 0 0.00 10,000 0.01 2,217,880 1.00 90,000 0.06 0 0.00
Senegal Senegal 17,745,000 887,250 5.00 16,325,400 92.00 35,490 0.20 0 0.00 0 0.00 496,860 2.80 0 0.00 0 0.00
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 5,870,000 1,226,830 21.00 4,578,600 78.00 5,870 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 46,960 1.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Tɛmplet:Country data Togo Togo 6,030,000 2,635,110 43.70 1,562,000 20.00 373,860 6.20 0 0.00 0 0.00 2,146,680 35.60 36,180 0.60 0 0.00


Lihimi m-pahi

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Kundivihira

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  1. ↑ (14 October 2022) "Religions by Continent". Journal of Religion and Demography 9 (1–2): 91–110. DOI:10.1163/2589742x-bja10013.
  2. ↑ cornwell, Gordon. Theological Seminary, African Christianity.
  3. ↑ Restless Spirits: Syncretic Religion Yolanda Pierce, Ph.D. Associate Professor of African American Religion & Literature
  4. ↑ AFRICAN RELIGIOUS BELIEFS - Tewahedo - Palo - Serer - Tijaniyyah - Vodon.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Dr J.O. Awolalu, Studies in Comparative Religion Vol. 10, No. 2. (Spring, 1976).
  6. ↑ Awolalu, Dr. J.O. Studies in comparative religion.
  7. ↑ Cheikh Anta Diop The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality, Chicago, L.Hill, 1974. ISBN 1-55652-072-7
  8. ↑ Vontress, Clemmont E. (2005), "Animism: Foundation of Traditional Healing in Sub-Saharan Africa", Integrating Traditional Healing Practices into Counseling and Psychotherapy, SAGE Publications, Inc., pp. 124–137, doi:10.4135/9781452231648, ISBN 9780761930471, retrieved 2019-11-01
  9. ↑ Leo Frobenius on African History, Art, and Culture: An Anthology, 2007 ISBN 1-55876-425-9
  10. ↑ Bolaji Idowu African Traditional Religion: A Definition, Maryknoll, N.Y., Orbis Books (1973) ISBN 0-88344-005-9
  11. ↑ J S MbitiAfrican Religions and Philosophy, African Writers Series, Heinemann [1969] (1990). ISBN 0-435-89591-5
  12. ↑ Warren, Dennis M. (1973). Disease, Medicine, and Religion Among the Techinan - Bono of Ghana: A Study in Culture Change (in English). Indiana University.
  13. ↑ Nicolini, Beatrice. "Spirit Possession, Islam, and European Power." Shackled Sentiments: Slaves, Spirits, and Memories in the African Diaspora (2019): 137.
  14. ↑ Aseffa, Abdi, Bula Sirika Wayessa, and Temesgen Burka. "“I have to Resemble My Ancestors through Modification of Midline Diastema”: An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Dental Modification among Karrayyu Oromo, Central Ethiopia." Ethnoarchaeology 8.1 (2016): 57-68.
  15. ↑ Lugira, Aloysius M., African Traditional Religions (New York: Chelsea House, 2009), p. 36 [in] Varghese, Roy Abraham, Christ Connection: How the World Religions Prepared the Way for the Phenomenon of Jesus, Paraclete Press (2011), p. 1935, ISBN 9781557258397 [1] (Retrieved 7 May 2019)
  16. ↑ Mbiti, John S (1992). Introduction to African religion. East African Publishers. p. 15. ISBN 9780435940027. often mix.When Africans are converted to other religions, they often mix their traditional religion with the one to which they are converted. In this way they are not losing something valuable, but are gaining something from both religious customs
  17. ↑ Riggs, Thomas (2006). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations. Thomson Gale. p. 1. ISBN 9780787666125.Although a large proportion of Africans have converted to Islam an Christianity, these two world religions have been assimilated into African culture, and many African Christians and Muslims maintain traditional spiritual beliefs
  18. ↑ Gottlieb, Roger S (2006-11-09). The Oxford handbook of religion and ecology. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195178722.Even in the adopted religions of Islam and Christianity, which on the surface appear to have converted millions of Africans from their traditional religions, many aspect of traditional religions are still manifest
  19. ↑ US study sheds light on Africa's unique religious mix. AFP.t doesn't seem to be an either-or for many people. They can describe themselves primarily as Muslim or Christian and continue to practice many of the traditions that are characteristic of African traditional religion," Luis Lugo, executive director of the Pew Forum, told AFP.
  20. ↑ Quainoo, Samuel Ebow (2000-01-01). In Transitions and consolidation of democracy in Africa. Global Academic. ISBN 9781586840402.Even though the two religions are monotheistic, most African Christians and Muslims convert to them and still retain some aspects of their traditional religions
  21. ↑ 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics.
  22. ↑ 2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report. Malawi National Statistical Office.
  23. ↑ 2021 PHC General Report Vol 3C, Background Characteristics.
  24. ↑ OVERALL DEFINITIVE RESULTS OF THE RGPH 2021: THE POPULATION USUALLY LIVING ON IVORIAN TERRITORY IS 29,389,150 INHABITANTS (fr) (July 13, 2022).

Ani tooi lan Karim

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • Bongmba, Elias Kifon, ed. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to African Religions (2012) excerpt
  • Engel, Elisabeth. Encountering Empire: African American Missionaries in Colonial Africa, 1900–1939 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2015). 303 pp.
  • Mbiti, John S. Introduction to African religion (2nd ed. 1991) excerpt
  • Olupona, Jacob K. African Religions: A Very Short Introduction (2014) excerpt
  • Parrinder, Geoffrey. African Traditional Religion. (3rd ed. London: Sheldon Press, 1974) ISBN 0-85969-014-8
  • Parinder, E. Geoffrey. Africa's Three Religions. (2nd ed. London: Sheldon Press, 1976). The three religions are traditional religions (grouped), Christianity, and Islam. ISBN 0-85969-096-2
  • Ray, Benjamin C. African Religions: Symbol, Ritual, and Community (2nd ed. 1999)
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