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Akwasi Afrifa

Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
Akwasi Afrifa
Minister for Finance and Economic Planning


Minister for Defence (en) Translate

1968 - 1969
Ghana zuɣulana

Silimin gɔli April 2, 1969 - Silimin gɔli August 7, 1970
← Joseph Arthur Ankrah - Nii Amaa Ollennu →
Mampong (en) Translate, Silimin gɔli April 24, 1936
O ya TiŋgbaŋGhana
Kpibu sheeAnkara, Silimin gɔli June 26, 1979
Ŋ-ŋɔ kum (gunshot wound (en) Translate)
Education
Shikuru shɛli o ni chaŋRoyal Military Academy Sandhurst (en) Translate
Adisadel College
Mons Officer Cadet School (en) Translate
Bala yɛlibu, sabbu bee buɣisibuSilmiinsili
Tuma
Tumapolitician (en) Translate, military personnel (en) Translate ni fukumsi kpambali
Soojɛnima kpamli kpamlilieutenant general (en) Translate
sooja
AdiiniPresbyterianism (en) Translate
O ni be paati shɛli niUnited National Convention (en) Translate
E-Class

Akwasi Amankwaa Afrifa (bɛ dɔɣi o la silimiingoli April 24, yuuni 1936 – ka o daa kani silimiingoli June 26, yuuni 1979) O daa nyɛla Ghana linjima, pukpara, Naa ni siyaasa nira. ŋuni n-daa lahi nyɛ Ghana zuɣulana ni toondana n zaŋ n-ti linjima gomnanti yuuni 1969 ka daa lahi nyɛ daambalo n-ti tiŋgbani zuɣulana tali komiisa yuuni 1969 mini 1970 sunsuuni, O daa lahi nyɛla ŋun tuɣi kparilim mini siyaasa tali. Bɛ daa piigi o la jintɔra yuuni 1979, amaa bɛ daa ku o mi pɔi ka o na bi ʒini o nam kuɣu zuɣu. Bɛ daa kula o mini zuɣulana kura ayi shɛba ban yuya daa nyɛ General Kutu Acheampong mini General Fred Akuffo, ni linjimanima anu gba bana n daa nyɛ(Utuka, Felli, Boakye, Robert Kotei ni Amedume), silimiingoli June yuuni 1979. Bɛ daa tooi lahi zooi ka bɛ booni o yupaa Okatakyie /ˈoʊkætætʃiː/ Akwasi Amankwaa Afrifa ni n-ti pahi abakomahene Krobo, Asante-Mampong nam yaɣali din be Ashanti Region, Ghana.

O ni daa naai o sɛkɛndiri shikuru Adisadel College, o daa kpe Ghana linjin' tali ni yuuni 1957 ka bɛ daa zaŋ o tahi linjima shikuru yuli booni "Regular Officer's Special Training School". Din nyaaŋa, o daa lahi chaŋ Mons Officer Cadet School, Aldershot, England tiŋgbani puuni yuuni 1958.[1] Ka o daa lahi naai linjima tali bohimbu Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, England tiŋgbani ni. Yuuni 1961, o daa be shikuru yuli booni School of Infantry, Hythe, United Kingdom tiŋgbani ni.

Afrifa daa lahi nyɛla ŋun daa chaŋ Defence College, Teshie, Accra.[2]

Yuuni 1960, Afrifa daa lahi nyela be ni zaŋ ninvuɣu so n-wuhi salo ni o leegi "lieutenant" paa Ghana linjimanim tuma ni, bin din gbaai yuuni 1962 hali ni yuuni 1964, o daa na kuli bela ɔfisa tali ŋo puuni. O daa tirisi chaŋ linjima shikuru ŋan nye Defence College, ka bɛ Teshie din bɛ Accra la. Afrifa daa lahi nyela Ghana linjima nim puuni yino ŋun gba daa bɛ "United Nations Operation in the Congo".[3] Afrifa daa zooya hali n ti lee "major". O daa lahi nyela linjima ŋun su linjim' bihi wumsibu mini vihigu polo yuuni 1965.[4][5] O daa nyela ŋun be Kumasi, linjima tuun' zuɣu yuli booni "Second Infantry Brigade (din pa nya Central Command la) zaŋ n-ti lingimanima.[6]

Silimiingoli February biɛɣu pishi ni anahi yuuni 1966 kuul

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

[7] O ni daa bɛ Kumasi, Afrifa daa nyɛla ŋun daa lebi zori n-ti Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka ŋun daa nya colonel mini komanda n- ti Second Infantry Brigade.[8] Lala saha maa, Ghana daa nyela paati yini tiŋgbani ŋo ni, siyaasa yaɣa daa nyela din lahi kani zaŋ zali kpani din daa nya "Preventive Detention Act of 1958" ka yuuni 1964 Kwame Nkrumah daa zaŋla o maŋa n-wuhi ni o lee tiŋgbani zuɣulana hali ni o nyɛvuli tariga. Yaha, Ghana ni tooi ʒiri daguli shɛli yiri sambamni n-ti kɔhira, cocoa daa nyɛla din siɣi. ŋɔ, n-ti pahi ku ariʒichi niŋ Ghana mulichi bimbɔra ni, ni wab' piɛla ka mani Volta mɔɣali,di daa che ka Ghana aʒiifu chee voli. Mulichi maa daa nyela ban nyahi daa nyoni din daa niŋ ka nɛma daa daa gbaai n dura ka di tom daa lahi kani, n-ti Ghana linjimanim.[4] Nkrumah daa yɛli lala saha maa linjimanim' ni be mali shili zaŋ yi kampɛin chandi Rhodesia (din pa nya Zimbabwe) din daa niŋ ka bɛ gba moli ni be deei maŋsulunsi siliminsi sani. Be ni daa niŋ kamani be shiri maandi la shili la, ka Kotoka daa zaŋ linjima shɛba n daa pahi o maŋ zuɣu ka be daa yi Kumasi n chaŋ Accra ni bɛ ti ŋmɛ n paai Nkrumah gominanti maa. Afrifa n-daa nya ŋun kuli za o viɛnyɛla ŋmɛnpaai ŋɔ ni.[9] Lahibali daa ti yina nyaaŋa n-wuhi, ni bɛ daa bi niŋ suhupiɛlli ni o ni daa bɔri niŋgbuna ni Soviet Union, China n-ti pahi tiŋgbani shɛŋa,[10] "Central Intelligence Agency, zaŋ n-ti "United States daa nyɛla bɛ ni ti shɛba lahibali zaŋ kpa ŋmɛ n paai ŋɔ polo ka bɛ daa naan yi tooi niŋ li tom n ti Nkrumah gominanti ni bɛ mali li.[11][12] Bana n-daa yɛn ŋmɛ n paai ŋɔ daa luhi buɣim saha shɛli din daa niŋ ka Nkrumah be solini n-chɛni Hanoi, North Vietnam tiŋ zuɣu lala saha.[9] Afrifa's yɛltɔɣa ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ deei tiŋgbani ŋɔ lahabali wuligibu dundɔŋ, luɣishɛli tiŋgbaani ŋɔ lahibali wuligibu ni yirina. Bɛ daa nya nasara dee li, ka di daa ti Kotoka soli ka o du pɔhim zuɣu n ti moli ti salo o ni ŋmɛnpaai gominanti shɛm.[1]

Yɛtɔɣa ŋuma ni tuunbiɛri tumbu

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Yɛtɔɣa ŋuma nyɛla din daa wuhi ni ban daa su Nkrumah tiŋgban' zuɣulana tali biɛhigu ka bɛ ŋmaai jia boli ba ni (PDD) ka bɛ tuma nya bɛ gu ka taɣi Nkrumah daa nyɛla bɛ ni bu n-pabigi shɛba, ka di shɛŋa niŋ Kotoka, J. W. K. Harlley ni Afrifa nini ni. Martin Okai, ŋun daa be PDD ŋɔ, wuhiya ni Afrifa n-daa lihiri ka bɛ buri ba lala buri ŋɔ saha shɛli o ni daa zani ni o kahigi ti maligu komiisa bɛ ni daa kpa ka bol' li "National Reconciliation Commission".[13]

Ŋmɛmpaai maa myaaŋa, Kotoka daa lee National Liberation Council (NLC) niriba anii puuni yino. Afrifa gba daa nya toontibu du zuɣusaa. O daa yi major tali ni n-lee "lieutenant general" yuma o gominanti ni daa be nam ni.[14] O daa lahi nyɛla bɛ ni piigi so daabiligu mini ariʒichi minisita.[1][6] Ghana zuɣulana ni NLC daanbolo, Joseph Arthur Ankrah daa nyɛla kpɛŋ ni ʒini so zuɣu ka o shee silimin goli April yuuni 1969 zaŋ gubiɛri dibu ŋuma ŋuma ni daa yina zaŋ kpa Francis Nzeribe, Nigeria daabia. Afrifa daa gari zani o zaa ni n-ee zuɣulana. Yɛltɔɣa daa yɛli pa Ankrah ni o nyɛla ŋun tim nuu ka laɣi shɛŋa di zaŋ kpa vihigu ŋmaai din niŋ wuhi ni du ngari Afrifa mini Kofi Abrefa Busia zaŋ chaŋ piibupiibu shɛli din daa yɛn niŋ silimin goli August yuuni 1969.[15][16] Afrifa daa nyɛla ŋun tabiri sɔŋdi Busia, ŋun daa nya Progress Party toondana ka daa be piibupiibu shɛli din daa yɛn niŋ yuuni 1969 maa.[3] Afrifa daa galisi nam ni ti Busia ka o daa lee Ghana "Prime Minister" Republic din daa pahi ayi ni. O daa na kuli nyɛla daanbolo n ti tiŋgbani zuɣulana tali komitiisa din daa yoli kpa hali ni silimin goli August yuuni 1970 din daa ti niŋ ka Nii Amaa Ollennu, ŋun daa nya speaker of Parliament Republic din daa pahi ayi ŋɔ ni.

Guugili nti demokratia

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Dini daa niŋ ka Acheampong mini National Redemption Council, ŋmɛ n paai Busia gominanti n-naai, Afrifa, ŋun tabiri sɔŋdi Busia[3] daa nyɛla bɛ ni gbaai so silimin goli January 15, yuuni 1972 ka daa kpɛhi o duu hali ni silimin goli December yuuni 1972.[6] Bɛ ni daa bahi o n-naai, Afrifa daa zaŋ o zaɣa labisi kobu polo o ya Mampong. Yuuni 1978, linjimanim' kaansili ka bɛ ŋmaai jia (SMC) gominanti daa gbaaya ni bɛ kpa siyaasa paati ka boli li "Union Government" (UNIGOV) din daa yɛn laɣim linjimanim' mini saviila ka bɛ lee che paati bɔbigu dɛmokiraatiya ni labbu.[17] Bɛ daa gbaai zali ni vootibu niŋ silimin goli March dali, yuuni 1978, ka Afrifa daa nya "Popular Movement for Freedom and Justice" toondanba puuni yino, din daa zaɣisi lala UNIGOV tiɛha maa. Din daa niŋ ka shikuru bihi mini baŋdi shɛba gba pahi bɛ zuɣu, PMFJ daa yɛliya ni shee ka bɛ labi paati bɔbigu dɛmokiraatiya ni.[6]

Acheampong ŋmɛ n-paai nyaaŋa, SMC din daa be General Fred Akuffo nuu ni daa zanila tiŋgbani zuɣulana tali mini jintɔri tali piibupiibu silimin goli June 18, yuuni 1979 n zaŋ n-ti paati bɔbigu. Amaa, piibupiibu ŋɔ daa lee niŋ la Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) gominanti ni, di ni daa niŋ ka SMC ŋɔ ŋun maŋmaŋa bɛdini daa ŋmɛ n-paai ba silimin goli June 4, yuuni 1979. Afrifa daa zaniya ti Mampong North piibupiibu ka daa nyɛ nasara ni "United National Conventio" paati zuɣu ka ŋun pilli di daa lee nyɛla Kofi Abrefa Busia Progress Party. Silimin goli June 26, yuuni 1979, dabaa anii o piibu ŋɔ nyaaŋa, Afrifa daa nyɛla bɛ ni ku so ka di zuɣu daa che ka o bi tooi ʒini o kuɣu zuɣu jinaduu Republic din daa pahi ata Ghana ka Ebenezer Augustus Kwasi Akuoko daa zani o zaa ni jinaduu.

Ashanti na kuro, Naa Otumfuo Opoku Ware II, daa lee Afrifa "okatakyie" (ka di gbunni nyɛ "tobu tuhira" kambonsili ni) din daa niŋ ka NLC daa labisi nam ni ti saviila Busia gominanti maa. Afrifa n-daa lahi nya abakomahene zaŋ n-ti Krobo din be Asante-Mampong Sekyere nam yaɣali Ashanti Region. Afrifa daa lahi nyɛla ŋun ŋmɛri nupuɣu zaŋ yi Krobo Rehabilitation Project, din daa niŋ ka o bo soya ka laɣiri maa yi polo la bɛ daa zaŋ labi mɛ tiŋ muni maa zaa.[18]

Afrifa ba dɔɣiro n-daa nya Opanin Kwaku Amankwa ka o ma mi n daa nyɛ Ama Serwaa Amaniampong, ka bɛ zaa daa laɣim n-yina Krobo, din miri Mampong maa, ka be Ashanti Region. Saha shɛli bɛ ni daa ku o ŋɔ, o daa nyɛla ŋun lo Christine Afrifa amiliya, ka o mini o daa dɔɣi bihi awɔi. O tuuli bia ni daa Ama Serwa Afrifa, ayopɔin ni Christine Afrifa; Baffour Afrifa, Baffour Anokye Afrifa, Maame Drowaa Afrifa, Serwaa Adimam Afrifa, Ayowa Afrifa, Sophia Amaniampong Afrifa ni Akosua Afrifa. O bia ŋun daa bahindi nyaaŋa, n nyɛ Henry Afrifa o daa nyɛla bɛ ni dɔɣi so o Afrifaqq kpibu nyaaŋa.

Afrifa daa nyɛla ŋun sabi gbaŋ n ti Acheampong n-wuhiri dabiɛm ni mali o shɛm zaŋ chaŋ linjimanima kubu polo din yɛn che ka di lee varisigu nti linjimanima ban mali ŋmɛ n paai bee kuuli niŋbu polo Ghana, di yi niŋ ka gubiɛri ni anyinsi kpɛ linjim' tali ni shɛm. Lala saha maa n-daa nyɛ UNIGOV kampɛin niŋbu ni pɔi ka bɛ daa ŋmɛ n paai Acheampong silimin goli July dabaa anu yuuni 1978.

Dabiɛm mali ma pam zaŋ chaŋ sɔhi'biɛɣu ni gominanti ŋɔ nyaaŋa.&nbsp... Di yi yɛn che ka choɣisi linjimanim koba ni zaŋ yi ŋmɛ n paai polo bee kuuli sɔhia'biɛɣu ni, ka dii yi niŋ ka bɛ laɣim ti zaa lo ka ŋmɛ n-kuti yim yim? M bi bɔri ni be gbaai ma, niŋ ma vihigu ka ŋmɛn ku ma. Amaa, n ni nyɛla jarigu di gi niŋ ka m maagi m maŋ ʒia n puuni ka guli ni bɛ yɛltɔɣa biɛɣu shɛli din yɛn niŋ ti ŋɔ. ... N ni suhi adua ka dabiɛm ni tiɛhi shɛli din be suhi ni ŋɔ maa vuui.[19]

Di ni daa niŋ ka Jerry Rawlings ŋun daa nyɛ AFRC toondana mini o nyaanŋa daa mŋɛ m paai SMC Afrifa daa bela o puuni Mampong, ka bɛ daa chaŋ n-ti gbaagi o.[1] N-ti pahi linjima o linjima kpamba taba bɛ ni daa gbaai maa zuɣu bɛ daa vihi ba ka sokam nya. Bɛ daa nya ya ka bɛ nyɛla gubiɛri diriba, korinfɔhili nima, ka daa zaŋdi bɛ zaashahi m-bɔri ariʒichi.[20] Vihigu din daa niŋ ŋɔ daa pala din naai.[21] Shɛhira shɛŋa "National Reconciliation Commission" ni daa laɣim yuuni 2004 gba daa wuhiya ni ban gba daa pahi ka bɛ ku ba ŋɔ, di daa bi vihi na viɛnyɛla.[22] Pɔi, Afrifa ŋun daa pun nyɛla zangama Sowah Assets Commission ni vihiya ka bɛ nya taali shɛli.[23] Din daa lahi ŋmani la naɣisibu daa beni zaŋ m-be bɛ kubu ŋɔ polo dini daa niŋ ka di ŋmani la so n daa hali ni Rawlings n-daa dii mali shili ni o dihi nuu ka di ku ba.[24] Lieutenant General Joshua Hamidu, "chief of the Defence Staff" kuro AFRC saha maa, wuhiya ni o mini Rawlings ko n-daa nyɛ linjima linjimanim' ban gominanti ni ka bɛ bɔri ni be ku kpamba kura ŋɔ maa. O yɛltɔɣa din daa niŋ ka bɛ yɛri ni ŋuni n-daa bori ni be ku Afrifa m-boŋɔ

Ʒiri m-bala. Di pa la yɛlimaŋli. N ka niŋsim zaŋ chaŋ kubu ŋɔ polo. Dakulo ata nyaaŋa silimin goli 4 June yɛltɔɣa nyaaŋa, bohisi daa kuli nyɛla din bohiri zaŋ kpa niriba kubu polo. Man' na ʒin saɣiti li dahinshɛli kam. Lahiʒibsi, ŋun gba daa bi saɣiti li daa nyɛla Rawlings. Nachinba ŋɔ ban kuli bɔri la ʒim ka n daa yɛri ba "a ku tooi lahi neei daadam a yi ku o. A yi mali yɛltɔɣa ni so, tahim o kootu. Che ka sokam wum bɛ ni tum tiŋgbani ŋɔ chuuta shɛli." Hali di gba, bɛ daa bi tooi niŋ.[25]

Silimin goli June biɛɣu pishi ni ayobu dali, yuuni 1979, Afrifa, n-ti pahi o taba maa ni General Fred Akuffo, ŋun gba daa nyɛ kpeen kuro ni Major General Robert Kotei, Colonel Roger Felli, Air Vice Marshal George Yaw Boakye ni Rear Admiral Joy Amedume daa nyɛla bɛ ni pɛ shɛba zali ka ŋmɛ ba malifanima. Lahabali daa ti yina n-wuhi ni Afrifa daa nyɛla ŋun bi kpi yim ka bɛ daa lahi pahi o kukolli.[26] Bɛ daa va bɛ niŋgbuna ŋɔ n-ti sɔɣi Nsawam Sarika Jirankoowa din be Adoagyiri, ka miri Nsawam, Eastern Region.[21]

Dini daa niŋ ka bɛ ni ŋmɛ n ku shɛba ŋɔ paɣaba daa sabi gbana wuhi bɛ su'jee, tiŋgbani zuɣulana John Kufuor daa gbaaya ni kadama bɛ labisimi bɛ niŋgbuna ŋɔ n ti ban kani ŋɔ yiŋsi nima din yɛn che maligu kana.[27] Silimin goli December biɛɣu pishi ni ayopɔi dali yuuni 2001, bɛ niŋgbunanim maa daa labisi n ti ti sokam yiŋnima Accra.[28] Afrifa niŋgbuna ŋɔ daa nyɛla bɛ ni zaŋ ti sɔɣu o ya Krobo silimin goli January biɛɣu pishi ni anii yuuni 2002.[29]

  1. 1 2 3 4 Lt. Gen Akwasi Amankwa Afrifa Profile. GhanaWeb.
  2. ↑ Brief Profile: Akwasi Amankwa Afrifa (en-US).
  3. 1 2 3 "Reformer removed". Time. 1969-04-11. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
  4. 1 2 The Military and the Government.. Library of Congress Country Studies. Library of Congress (November 2004).
  5. ↑ Jon Kraus (April 1966). Ghana Without Nkrumah - The Men In Charge. Africa Report. Koranteng Ofosu-Amaah.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Leaders of Ghana. Official Ghana@50 website. Ghana government.
  7. ↑ allAfrica.com: myAfrica.
  8. ↑ Lt-Gen Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka Profile. GhanaWeb.
  9. 1 2 The Security Services. National Reconciliation Commission Report Volume 4, Chapter 1 24, 30. Ghana Government (October 2004).
  10. ↑ Brigadier Akwasi Amankwaa Afrifa - @ MyTribute.Life (en).[permanent dead link]
  11. ↑ 253. Memorandum From Robert W. Komer of the National Security Council Staff to the President's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy)/1/. Foreign Relations of the United States 1964-1968, Volume XXIV, Africa. Department of State, US (1999). “The plotters are keeping us briefed," .... "and the State Department thinks we're more on the inside than the British. While we're not directly involved (I'm told), we and other Western countries (including France) have been helping to set up the situation by ignoring Nkrumah's pleas for economic aid. All in all, it looks good.”
  12. ↑ Paul Lee (2002-06-07). Documents Expose U.S. Role in Nkrumah Overthrow. SeeingBlack.com.
  13. ↑ Review of Petitions. National Reconciliation Commission Report Volume 2, Chapter 5 127–129. Ghana Government (October 2004).
  14. ↑ Review of Petitions. National Reconciliation Commission Report Volume 2, Chapter 5. Ghana Government (October 2004).
  15. ↑ Lt. General Joseph A. Ankrah Profile. GhanaWeb.
  16. ↑ Our Leaders-Lt. General Joseph A. Ankrah. Official Website for the 50th Independence Anniversary Celebrations of Ghana. Ghana government.
  17. ↑ History of Ghana - Post Independence Ghana. Ghana government.
  18. ↑ General Afrifa to be re-buried. Ghana Review International Newsreel. Micromedia Consultants Ltd. (2002-01-17).
  19. ↑ Review of petitions. National Reconciliation Commission Report Volume 2, Part 1, Chapter 6. Ghana government (October 2004).
  20. ↑ "Open Letter To Lance Corporal Fred Ansah Atiemo". GhanaWeb. 29 January 2004. http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=50808.
  21. 1 2 "Rawlings To Defend Executions At NRC". GhanaWeb. 11 April 2003. http://www.ghanaweb.net/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=35230&comment=704040.
  22. ↑ The Social Context. National Reconciliation Commission Report Volume 2, Part 1, Chapter 4. Ghana Government (October 2004).
  23. ↑ In Loving Memory of Okatakyie Akwasi Amankwaa Afrifa on the 32nd anniversary of his death. (en).
  24. ↑ Review of Petitions. National Reconciliation Commission Report Volume 2, Part 1, Chapter 6. Ghana Government (October 2004).
  25. ↑ "'JJ opposed Afrifa's execution' - Hamidu". GhanaWeb. 31 December 2001. http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=20615.
  26. ↑ Review of Petitions. National Reconciliation Commission Report, Volume 2, Part 1, Chapter 6 176–180. Ghana Government (October 2004).
  27. ↑ Kwaku Sakyi-Addo (2001-04-30). "Resolving Ghana's violent past". African News (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1305123.stm.
  28. ↑ "Ghana reburies past in quest for reconciliation". GhanaWeb. 28 December 2001. http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=20547.
  29. ↑ ""I have no regrets for 1966 coup" - Afrifa's son". GhanaWeb. 31 January 2002. http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=21380.
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