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Nyimsa

Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
Nyimsa
taxon
Yaɣ sheliuseful plant, medicinal plant Mali niŋ
Di bukaatavegetable Mali niŋ
Yu'ŋmaaA. indica Mali niŋ
Nangban yiŋga YuyaAzadirachta indica Mali niŋ
Yaɣili Kpamlispecies Mali niŋ
Lamba ZuliyaAzadirachta Mali niŋ
Taxon common nameNeem Tree, neem, 印楝, Niembaum Mali niŋ
IUCN conservation biɛhiguLeast Concern Mali niŋ
Invasive toGhana Mali niŋ
Taxon rangeTibet Autonomous Region Mali niŋ
GRIN URLhttps://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=6161 Mali niŋ

Nyimsa[1]nyɛla ti' shɛli din yuui Dagbaŋ ka mali anfaani pam. Dama di tiri ti maham ti sambana ni, dama nyimsa bi suuri zaa. Di kuli suurimi ka puhiri va' pala gariti va' kura maa ni ka dizuɣu che ka saha kam di mali mahim saha shɛli kam. ka lahi tiri ti yɔɣira ka ti mali pindi ti duri n ti pahi buɣim dari. Hali pumpɔŋɔ, pukparigu baŋdiba kpahimya ti nya ka di wala gba mali anfaani pam. Bɛ yɛliya ni niri yi zaŋ di wala maa diɛli ka di kuui, ka a baɣisi li ka di niŋ zim, di nyɛla din gariti kariwana ni ka binniɛma ku tooi lahi kpe li, bee ka di ku du. Tɔ amaa nyimsa nima yi lee galisi tingbani luɣishɛli di nyuri la di tam. [2] [3][4][5]

Di anfaani nima.

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  1. Nyimsa nyɛla tia ŋun mali mahim ka nira kam ni tooi ʒini di gbuni vuhi jɛlinsi.
  2. Nyimsa wɔla nyɛla Dagbama ni mali shɛli doori kpam, ka di mali bukaata ni yuma tibbu pɔlo.
  3. Nyimsa dari lan nyɛla Dagbamba ni mali shɛli niŋdi yɔɣira pindi duri.
  4. Nyimsa dari lan nyɛla pukpariba ni mali shɛli sari gaadiri nima.

Buɣisibu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Nyimsa nyɛla tia din zoori pam ka ni tooi zooi paai kamani "15–20 metres (49–66 ft)", ka bi tooi dii zoori paari kamani "35–40 m (115–131 ft)". Din malila vari din nye bankom ka suuri kikaa saha. DI wula nyɛla din teeri pam. Di ni tooi ŋmɛlim paai kamani "20–25 m (66–82 ft)". Di vari waɣilim paari kamani "20–40 cm (8–16 in)" l, ni va'baligu din nyɛ kamani 20 zaŋ chaŋ 30 din nyɛ kamani "3–8 cm (1+1⁄4–3+1⁄4 in)" waɣilim.[6][7]

Di malila fulaawaasi din waɣilim ni paai kamani "25 cm (10 in)" . Di niŋdi fulaawasi paari kamani fulaawasi kɔbishii ni pihinu zaŋ chaŋ kɔbista. Fulaawaasi yini waɣilim paai kamani "5–6 mm (3⁄16–1⁄4 in) " ka yɛlim paai kamani "8–11 mm (5⁄16–7⁄16 in)". Fulaawaasi paɣaba mini dobba zaa laɣindimi niŋdi ti'tini zuɣu.

Di wɔla nyɛla di polisi, ka mali balibu. Shɛŋa waɣimi ka shɛŋa mi mulim ka di yi mooi di ni tooi paai kamani "14–28 mm (1⁄2–1+1⁄8 in)" waɣilim ka yɛliŋ ni tooi paai kamani "10–15 mm (3⁄8–5⁄8 in)". Binwolli maa pɔɣu maa balimi ka tɔ. Di kpilli maa pɔɣu maa kpeŋ paai kamani "3–5 mm (1⁄8–1⁄4 in)".

Pollen grains

Nyimsa tia biɛhigu ŋmanila[8] Siliminsi ni boli ti'shɛli "chinaberry" bee "bakain", "Melia azedarach",[9] ka di minili ni tooi gabi nira. "Melia azedarach" gba malila di vari maa kpeei ka di wɔla gba ŋmani li.

Pubu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Di Siliminsili yuli din nyɛ "Azadirachta indica" daa nyɛla "Adrien-Henri de Jussieu" ni daa tuui boli shɛli yuuni 1830.[10] Yuuni 1753, Carl Linnaeus daa buɣisi di balibu dibaa ayi, dini n-nyɛ Melia azedarach mini Melia azadirachta.[11] De Jussieu daa nyami ka Melia azadirachta yi di ko pam ka che Melia azedarach ka di tu ni bɛ puli di ko.[12] O lala balibu ŋɔ zaa ni, Linnaeus daa boli li la yuli Siliminsili ni din nyɛ 'azedarach',[11] din yina Faransi bachi ni 'azédarac', ka lahi yina Persian bachi ni 'āzād dirakht' (ازادرخت), din gbunni nyɛ "ti'suŋ".[13]Persian yuli din boli tia ŋɔ, azad darakhat-e-hind, ka di maɣina nyɛ 'India tia din vuhi, wuhirimi ni doro bee muɣisigu shɛli bi mali lala tia ŋɔ.[14]

Di ni be luɣ'shɛŋa

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Nyimsa bela India mini Bangladesh din nyɛ India tiŋgbani yaɣ'shɛli ni Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand n-ti pahi Vietnam din be Indochina. Dilahi nyɛla din betiŋgbani yaɣa pam, zaŋ chaŋ South America ni Indonesia.[15]

Phytochemicals

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Nyimasa wɔla, kpila, vari, tia, ni di pɔɣiri nyɛla din mali bɛ ni mali shɛli m-maani tima balibu, di shɛŋa nyɛla bɛ ni daa baŋ shɛli yuuni 1960s ka di nyɛ tim din kuri binnɛma.[16][17] Bɛ yi ŋma nyimsa kpila kamani "2 kg" bɛ ni tooi yihi di "5 g" din ni.[16]

Nyimsa kpam gba nyɛla din kuri tima bukaata bɔbigu.[16][18][16] Di vari maa malila Siliminsi ni boli alaafee binbɔri shɛli "vitamin C" la.[16]

Di bukaata

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Neem tree farm from south India
A large tree
Leaves
Bark
Neem seeds

India tiŋgbani ni bɛ deenila nyimsa vari m-mali li n-niŋdi bɛ nɛma biɛhisi shee ka binnɛma bi ŋubiri bɛ situra, ni bɛ ni zaani bɛ shinkaafanima mini bindira din pahi luɣ'shɛŋa.[19] India churi puhibu ni kamani Ugadi bɛ malila nyimsa fulaawaasi diri nachiinsi. Lihimi gbunni ŋɔ: #Association with Hindu festivals in India.

Dundɔŋni tilahi tima

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Binyɛra shɛŋa bɛ ni zaŋ nyimsa tihi niŋdi nyɛla bɛ ni mali shɛli niŋdi yɛlikura tima India,[17][20] [21] amaa shɛhira bela beni zaŋ n-ti nyimsa tim zaŋ tum tuma anfaani nima.[20] Zaɣ'kura ni, lala tim ŋɔ nyubu nyɛla din bi wuhi di ni to ni bɛ nyu li shɛm ka leei mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti di saha bela nyubu amaa di yi niŋ ka niri nyu li yuugi di nyɛla di ni tooi saɣim niri yaannini bee binsabili ka ni tooi che ka niri kpi .[20] Nyimsa gba nyɛla di ni tahi zaŋbahi, dɔɣim kalinsi n-ti pahi shikiri kalinli niri niŋgbana ni.[20]

Southern India mini Middle-East, nyimsa nyɛla bɛ ni tooi mali shɛli niŋdi bɛ nyina kasi.[22]

Binniɛma mini di dɔriti tuhibu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Nyimsa gba nyɛla binkpeeni "non-pesticida management"(NPM) ni. Nyimsa kpila nyɛla bɛ ni baɣisiri shɛli leeri zim ka niŋ kom niŋ di ni ka che li zali hali ka biɛɣu ti nee pɔi ka naayi zaŋ li yuɣi bimbilli. Niri yi bori ni di tum tuma viɛnyɛla shee a niŋdi limi saha kam kamani biɛɣ'pia kam nyaaŋa. Nyimsa nyɛla din bi kuri binneema amaa ka leei kariti ba, guri ka chɛri binneema ŋɔ galla waɣibu ka nyɛ din lahi taɣiri bimbilli ka chɛri saɣimbu.[23]

Nyimsa kpam nyɛla binshɛli niriba ni mali shɛli guri ka taɣiri tambiɛɣu.[24]

Di tuun'shɛŋa yaha

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • Tia: nyimsa tia ŋɔ nyɛla din mali anfaani zaŋ n-ti "anti-desertification" ka nyɛ din lahi pahiri tiŋgbani tam.[25][26]
  • Kulim: nyimsa nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni mali pahiri maani kulim kom.[27]
  • Binkɔbiri bindirigu: nyimsa vari nyɛla bindirigu zaŋ n-ti binkɔ' shɛba ban mali puya anahinahi mini sooŋsi.[28]
  • Nyina kasi niŋbu: nyimsa nyɛla binshɛli niriba pam ni mali niŋdi bɛ nyina kasi.[29]

Toxicity

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Lahabali din yina Americanima lahabalitira zaŋ n-ti "Neurodiology" sani wuhiya ni nyimsa kpam nyɛla di ni tooi tahi barinanima na kamani encephalopathy mini ophthalmopathy di yi niŋ ka niri nyu li kamani 150ml .[30]


Genome and transcriptomes

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Tima yɛlibɔra din yirina nyimsa ni malila di ni pe taba shɛm.[31][32][33] Di jendila nyimsa wɔla, kpila, vari, ni di pɔɣiri.[34][35]

Biotechnology

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Bɛ mali nyimsa m-maani tima din kuri binnɛma.[20] Saha ŋɔ di lala tima ŋɔ malibu mali barinanima kamani bineenshɛŋa kperi din ni ka daɣiri gbaari li, ni tiŋgbani namatɛri taɣibu.[36][37] Pɔi ka ti tuhi nyaŋ lala yɛlimuɣisira ŋɔ, vihigu nyɛla din niŋ jɛndi li.[38][39][40]

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • Flowers
    Flowers
  • Unripe fruit
    Unripe fruit
  • Neem tree in a banana farm in India
    Neem tree in a banana farm in India
  • Neem tree farm
    Neem tree farm
  • Twigs for sale
    Twigs for sale
  • Fruit drying for oil extraction
    Fruit drying for oil extraction
  • Cleaning teeth by chewing stick
    Cleaning teeth by chewing stick
  • Native of Chhattisgarh with Neem branches and leaves for Hareli Festival
    Native of Chhattisgarh with Neem branches and leaves for Hareli Festival
  • A tree in Gambia
    A tree in Gambia
  • A tree in Bangladesh
    A tree in Bangladesh


Lihimi m-pahi

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Tɛmplet:Col div end

Kundivihira

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  1. ↑ Naden, Tony. 2014. Dagbani dictionary. Webonary.
  2. ↑ Tɛmplet:GRIN
  3. ↑ Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2013), Neem, page 679, Third Edition 2008 reprinted with corrections 2013, Oxford University Press.
  4. ↑ Henry Yule and A. C. Burnell (1996), Hobson-Jobson, Neem, page 622, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Reference. (This work was first published in 1886)
  5. ↑ Encarta World English Dictionary (1999), Neem, page 1210, St. Martin's Press, New York.
  6. ↑ Neem | Azadirachta indica.
  7. ↑ Factsheet - Azadirachta indica (Neem).
  8. ↑ saikia, Curtingle (2023-01-02). How to Use Neem- Uses and benefits - prakasti.com (en-US).
  9. ↑ The Tree. National Academies Press (US). 1992.
  10. ↑ Azadirachta indica A.Juss... The International Plant Names Index.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Linnaeus, C. (1753), "Melia", Species Plantarum, 1, Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius, pp. 384–385, retrieved 2023-03-26
  12. ↑ (1830) "Mémoire sur le groupe des Méliacées". Mémoires du Muséum d'histoire naturelle 19: 153–304. p. 221
  13. ↑ azedarach. Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
  14. ↑ K. K. Singh, ed. (2009). Neem A Treatise. I.K. International Publishing House, India. p. 3. ISBN 9788189866006.
  15. ↑ A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 1213180-2
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named drugs2
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named bbc.co.uk
  18. ↑ Nimbolide. PubChem, US National Library of Medicine (6 March 2021).
  19. ↑ Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). "Neem: India's tree of life". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Neem. Drugs.com (13 August 2020).
  21. ↑ (2009) "Phylogenetic analysis of endophytic Pestalotiopsis species from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees.". Fungal Diversity 38: 167–183.
  22. ↑ Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum.
  23. ↑ Neem Cake Fertilizer, Uses, Application, Benefits | Agri Farming (9 August 2020).
  24. ↑ (2000) "Neem-seed oil inhibits growth of termite surface-tunnels". Indian Journal of Toxicology 7 (1): 49–50.
  25. ↑ (1992) "Carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations". Forest Ecology and Management 50 (1–2): 31–41. DOI:10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W.
  26. ↑ Puhan, Sukumar, et al. "Mahua (Madhuca indica) seed oil: a source of renewable energy in India." (2005).
  27. ↑ Heinrich W. Scherer; Konrad Mengel; Heinrich Dittmar; Manfred Drach; Ralf Vosskamp; Martin E. Trenkel; Reinhold Gutser; Günter Steffens; Vilmos Czikkely; Titus Niedermaier; Reinhardt Hähndel; Hans Prün; Karl-Heinz Ullrich; Hermann Mühlfeld; Wilfried Werner; Günter Kluge; Friedrich Kuhlmann; Hugo Steinhauser; Walter Brändlein; Karl-Friedrich Kummer (2007), "Fertilizers", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.), Wiley, doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub2, ISBN 978-3527306732
  28. ↑ Heuzé V., Tran G., Archimède H., Bastianelli D., Lebas F., 2015. Neem (Azadirachta indica). Feedipedia, a programme by Institut national de la recherche agronomique, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. Last updated on 2 October 2015
  29. ↑ Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum.
  30. ↑ (6 May 2010) "Letters: MR Imaging Findings of Neem Oil Poisoning". American Journal of Neuroradiology 31 (7): E60–E61. DOI:10.3174/ajnr.A2146. PMID 20448012.
  31. ↑ Krishnan, N (25 December 2011). "De novo sequencing and assembly of Azadirachta indica fruit transcriptome". Current Science 101 (12): 1553–1561.
  32. ↑ Krishnan, N (9 September 2012). "A Draft of the Genome and Four Transcriptomes of a Medicinal and Pesticidal Angiosperm Azadirachta indica". BMC Genomics 13 (464): 464. DOI:10.1186/1471-2164-13-464. PMID 22958331.
  33. ↑ Krishnan, N (20 April 2016). "An Improved Genome Assembly of Azadirachta indica A. Juss". G3 6 (7): 1835–1840. DOI:10.1534/g3.116.030056. PMID 27172223.
  34. ↑ (2014) "Comparative transcripts profiling of fruit mesocarp and endocarp relevant to secondary metabolism by suppression subtractive hybridization in Azadirachta indica (neem)". Molecular Biology Reports 41 (5): 3147–3162. DOI:10.1007/s11033-014-3174-x. PMID 24477588.
  35. ↑ (2014) "Subtractive transcriptomes of fruit and leaf reveal differential representation of transcripts in Azadirachta indica". Tree Genetics & Genomes 10 (5): 1331–1351. DOI:10.1007/s11295-014-0764-7.
  36. ↑ (15 January 2003) "Variability in Neem (Azadirachta indica) with Respect to Azadirachtin Content" (in en). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51 (4): 910–915. DOI:10.1021/jf025994m. PMID 12568548.
  37. ↑ (1 August 2002) "Production of azadirachtin from plant tissue culture: State of the art and future prospects" (in en). Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 7 (4): 185–193. DOI:10.1007/BF02932968. ISSN 1226-8372.
  38. ↑ (17 August 2013) "Production of the Biopesticide Azadirachtin by Hairy Root Cultivation of Azadirachta indica in Liquid-Phase Bioreactors" (in en). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 171 (6): 1351–1361. DOI:10.1007/s12010-013-0432-7. ISSN 0273-2289. PMID 23955295.
  39. ↑ (5 April 2008) "Production of Biopesticides in an in Situ Cell Retention Bioreactor" (in en). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 151 (2–3): 307–318. DOI:10.1007/s12010-008-8191-6. ISSN 0273-2289. PMID 18392561.
  40. ↑ (1 September 2015) "Production of Limonoids with Insect Antifeedant Activity in a Two-Stage Bioreactor Process with Cell Suspension Culture of Azadirachta indica". Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 177 (2): 334–345. DOI:10.1007/s12010-015-1745-5. ISSN 1559-0291. PMID 26234433.
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