Shibam

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Shibam
city, urban area
Yu'maŋliشبام, Shibam Mali niŋ
Zuliya wuhibuشبام Mali niŋ
Yɛltɔɣa din nyɛ tuma ni dinilaribanchi Mali niŋ
TiŋaYemen Mali niŋ
Din be shɛli polonaShibam District Mali niŋ
Wakati luɣiliUTC+03:00 Mali niŋ
Tiŋgbaŋ yaɣili calinli15°55′37″N 48°37′36″E Mali niŋ
Significant eventlist of World Heritage in Danger Mali niŋ
Heritage designationWorld Heritage Site Mali niŋ
World Heritage soliWorld Heritage selection criterion (iii), World Heritage selection criterion (iv), World Heritage selection criterion (v) Mali niŋ
Map

Shibam Hadramawt (Arabic: شِبَام حَضْرَمَوْت, romanized: Shibām Ḥaḍramawt)[1][2]nyɛla tiŋ'karili m-be Yemen. Di nyɛla tiŋ’ shɛli din be Yemen ka di tiŋ8bihi paai 7000, Shibam Hadramawt ŋɔ n-nyɛ di district Capital.[3] Salo pam tooi mila Shibam mudbrick ka di mali jiranbiisa waɣila pam, ka pam tooi booni li "Chicago of the desert" [4]bee "manhattan of the desert".[5]

Taarihi[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Tuuli sabu zaŋ kpa tiŋ titali ŋɔ polo yimi na 3rd century CE.[6]Di daa nyɛla tiŋzuɣu n-ti Hadramawt nam tiŋa. 20th century ni, di daa nyɛla Qu'aiti Sultanate tiŋ kara diba ata puuni yini, din daa pahi mi daa nyɛla Al-Mukalla mini Ash-Shihr dina.[7]Tiŋ titali ŋɔ daa nyɛla bin sabi di yuli pahi UNESCO World Heritage yuya,[8] yuuni 1982.[9]

Yuuni 2008, ʒɛɣu din mali yaa daa nyɛla din ʒɛ  Shibam.[10]

Yemen Civil War Yɛman sabiila tɔbu ni saha, tiŋ ŋɔ daa deei daŋsi[11] [12]din daa niŋ ka taawaaye niŋ diba ŋmɛ bompi niŋ laa yaɣili maa. Lala n-daa lahi nyɛli ka bompi nima ŋmɛ tabi lu yaɣili maa. 2015 yuuni,[13] UNESCO daa sabi tiŋ ŋɔ pahi "cultural heritage at risk".[14]

Joografi/Tiŋgbani biɛhigu[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Tiŋ ŋɔ nyɛla din be Hadhramaut Governorate central-western yaɣili, din be Ramlat al-Sab'atayn bɔpiɛligu ni. Di pali daa yooi mi ti Sana'a ni tiŋsi din be western Yemen zaŋ kpa eastern territories ka tiŋsi. Tiŋ' shɛŋa din miri na n-nyɛ Seiyun, seat of an airport, nti pahi Tarim, ŋan zaa be wulinpuhili. Pal' shɛli din yiri tiŋkpaŋ din nyɛ Alajlanya, nbe wulinluhili n-yooi Shibam n-ti Mukalla, governorate's tiŋzuɣu, din be Indian Ocean.

Climate/Tulim mini maasim[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Shibam mali la hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh). Ka di tulim yaa nyɛ 28.0 degrees Celsius (82.4 degrees Fahrenheit), Silimin goli June ka tulim baabaatu beni yuuni puli ni.Silimin goli January ni mi ka maasim baabaatu ne, ka di yaa nyɛ 18.6 °C (65.5 °F).

Climate data for Shibam
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 24.0
(75.2)
25.3
(77.5)
27.4
(81.3)
29.5
(85.1)
31.8
(89.2)
33.4
(92.1)
32.5
(90.5)
31.8
(89.2)
30.8
(87.4)
29.0
(84.2)
26.7
(80.1)
25.3
(77.5)
29.0
(84.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 18.6
(65.5)
19.9
(67.8)
22.1
(71.8)
24.3
(75.7)
26.7
(80.1)
28.0
(82.4)
27.5
(81.5)
26.9
(80.4)
26.0
(78.8)
23.3
(73.9)
20.8
(69.4)
19.8
(67.6)
23.7
(74.6)
Average low °C (°F) 13.3
(55.9)
14.6
(58.3)
16.9
(62.4)
19.2
(66.6)
21.7
(71.1)
22.7
(72.9)
22.6
(72.7)
22.1
(71.8)
21.3
(70.3)
17.6
(63.7)
14.9
(58.8)
14.3
(57.7)
18.4
(65.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 8
(0.3)
5
(0.2)
17
(0.7)
10
(0.4)
3
(0.1)
0
(0)
3
(0.1)
4
(0.2)
1
(0.0)
0
(0)
5
(0.2)
8
(0.3)
64
(2.5)
Source: Climate-Data.org[15]

Architecture[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Overview[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Shibam, din pa be UNESCO World Heritage Site nim la puuni nyɛla niriba ni mali shɛli kadi mali mɛbu mɛbu din gahim. Shibam yiya nyɛla be ni zaŋ tan'maŋa bulooku n-mɛ she, ka lahi mali piyoya bulooku nim din yiɣisi kaman kɔbisinu, din dubu paai jiramisa tambu bunu (5) zaŋ chɛŋ bupin'yini (11) dubu, ka tambu kam mali du yili bee dura ayi. Mɛbu ŋɔ nahingbana daa nyɛla be ni zaŋ shɛli ni di gu ka taɣi ba ka che Bedouin nim lirigu. Shibam pun be biɛhigu nin m-miriti yuun tuhuli ni kɔbisiyopoin (1,700), tin ŋɔ yiya pam nyɛla din yi 16th century saha la na. Di pam nyɛla be ni labi mali shɛŋa bushɛm century shɛŋa din gari la.

Bɛ tooi booni la Shibam "the oldest skyscraper city in the world".[16]Di ni n-na nyɛ shɛhira maŋli zaŋ ti urban planning yili mɛbu waɣilim ni wuhi shɛm.[17] Tiŋ ŋɔ mali la bayaɣiti yili waɣila din be dunia,ka di shɛŋa waɣilim paai 30 m (98 feet) ,[18] tuuli yanima din waɣa. Din yɛn gu di dikpuna ŋɔ ka chɛ saa mini kom ʒin chaŋ nyɛla bɛ labiri mali yaɣiri ŋɔ tari li saha kam. Goondaa gili la tiŋa ŋɔ[19]ka di ti li yuli "the walled city of Shibam".

Shibam daanfooni ka bɛ daa zaŋ niŋ skybox Wet Dry World yuuni 1996 diɛma ni yiɣi jam la ni Super Mario 64.[20]

Varisigu

The tan'maŋa bulooku yiya nyɛla ʒiɛɣu, saa ni tulim nyɛla din po' ni din daai n-luhi, ka dinzuɣu che ka di maliŋ din yɛn gbubi li talahi sahakam. Ko'kpɛɣu din daa yi ʒiɛɣu la ni daa nyɛla din kpe tiŋ ŋɔ yuuni 2008 puuni. Ko'kpɛɣu maa daa nyɛla din dam yiya din be tiŋ ŋɔ gbuna ni, ka dinzuɣu daa ti ʒi ŋa n-luhi. Di daa lahi nyɛla Al Qaeda nim gba ni daa zahindi shɛli liribu yuuni 2009 puuni.

Yuuni 2015 puuni,be daa zaŋla Shibam m-pahi World Heritage Sites din nyɛvuli ŋmeri nim la puuni din daa niŋ ka tɔbu daa lu Yemen tiŋbihi sunsuuni la. Yili kuri maa daa nyɛla din wurim din daa niŋ bompiri Sana'a sahashɛli la, ka na nyɛ tɔbuniɛma zaba ni ni tooi wurim shɛli.

Zaŋsima

Dubai Global Village nim nyɛla yooi sokam danɔli ni diɛma ni yiɣijam yili United Arab Emirates tiŋbani ni, n-ti pahi Yemen nim pata shɛŋa be ni zaŋ tan'maŋa bulooku me shɛŋa la ni di mɔli Shibam mɛbu mɛbu baŋsim n-ti niriba.

Influences[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Dubai dunia tiŋkpaŋ, pohim zuɣu daabiligu mini diɛma United Arab Emirates, mali la Yemeni pavilion with din mɛ yaɣiri ni di ŋmani Shibam mɛbɛ.[21]

Anfooni nima[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Di yɛtɔɣ’ ŋmaa[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Shibam, din pa nyɛ UNESCO World Heritage Site, nyɛla bini mi shɛli ka di nyɛla di mɛbu ni gahim yidi ko. Yiya din be Shibam zaa nyɛla bini zaŋ Bayaɣati-bulɔku mɛ yi ʒɛŋa, ka yiya ka maa 500 mi nyɛ bini zaŋ taawa bulɔki mɛ, din dubu gbari jiramiisa waɣilim ka maa anu hali ni pini yini (5 to11),[22]ka dubu kam mali du yini bee dura ayi.[23] Lala di mɛbu ŋɔ maa baŋsim daa nyɛla bini mɛ shɛli din yɛn chɛ ka di gu niri ban gbɛri dini ka chɛ Bedouin liribu.[24] Dini niŋ ka Shibam beni ka maa yuma1700 nyɛnga, yiya din be tiŋ ŋɔ ni pam yina la 16th century. Ka shɛŋa mi nyɛ bini lab mɛ yuun kobsi bɛla din gari.

Bi tooi booni Shibam la "skyscraper tiŋ titli kurili duniya zaa".[25] Di nyɛla plaŋ kura ni yini ka lahi nyɛ shɛhira vɛli n ti urban planning din lu n simdi vertical construction.[26]Tiŋ titali ŋɔ nyɛla din mali bayaɣati duri din waɣa duniya zaa, ka di shɛŋa waɣalim paai ka maa 30 m (98 feet),[27] din wuhiri di tuuli nyɛbu du waɣala ni. Dii yan tooi gu ka taɣi duri ŋɔ ka chɛ saa ni tiŋ sheebu, din ŋuna di tuya ni di dikiya nyɛri bayaɣati labi ta saha shɛli kam. Tiŋ titali ŋɔ nyɛla gooni kpɛŋ ni gili,[28] ka tirili yuli ni " the walled city of Shibam".

Shibam anfooni bini daa labi yuli ka mali-mali niŋ daa nyɛla bini zaŋ shɛli ka di nyɛ skybox n zaŋ ti Wet Dry World yuuni 1996 game Super Mario 64.[29]

Varisigu[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Bayaɣati-bulɔki duri nyɛla pɔhim, saa, ni tulim sheebu varisiɣu ni tooi paara, ka di bɔri malibu ni gubu saha kam di yɛn gbubi di daantalisi maa. Tiŋ ŋɔ daa nyɛla ko kpɛɣu damli ni daa paai shɛli yuuni 2008.[30] Duri ŋɔ pam din be tiŋ ŋɔ ni, nyɛbili daa nyɛla ko kpɛɣu ni dam, ka di chɛ ka di lun lu.[31] Di daa lan nyɛla Al Qaeda nim gba ni daa miri cho shɛli yuuni 2009.[32][33]

Yuuni 2015, Shibam daa nyɛla bini zaŋ shɛli pahi World Heritage Sites din be nyɛvili-pɔhili ni din daa niŋ ka civil war kpurigi Yemen. Taarihi duri daa nyɛla din saɣim pam din daa niŋ ka bompi nim labu be Sana'a, ka di chɛ ka di kpalim nyɛvili-pɔhili sheei di n-yina linjima nim tobu ni.


See also/Lihi pahi[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

External links[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Kundivihira[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

  1. مدينة شبام حضرموت "شيكاغو الصحراء"
  2. بلدة شبام حضرموت
  3. http://www.statoids.com/yye.html
  4. https://www.albayan.ae/editors-choice/asfar/2012-07-30-1.1698590
  5. https://weather.com/news/news/shibam-hadhramaut-manhattan-desert-yemen-20131028
  6. http://www.shibamonline.net/eng/wadi13.php
  7. https://books.google.com/books?id=eQvhZaEVzjcC&q=shihr
  8. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/192
  9. https://theconversation.com/bricks-and-mortar-fire-yemens-cultural-heritage-is-in-the-crosshairs-48484
  10. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/asia/yemen/shibam-mud-skyscraper-yemen/
  11. https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2018/3/26/yemen-suffers-cultural-vandalism-during-its-war
  12. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/asia/yemen/shibam-mud-skyscraper-yemen/
  13. https://phys.org/news/2018-11-ancient-yemeni-archaeological-sites.html
  14. https://theconversation.com/bricks-and-mortar-fire-yemens-cultural-heritage-is-in-the-crosshairs-48484
  15. Climate: Shibam.
  16. http://www.shibamonline.net/eng/wadi13.php
  17. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/192
  18. https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03068378408730145
  19. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/192
  20. https://twitter.com/CharlyCNintendo/status/1364370196916445190
  21. O’Connor, Paul (2022-01-16). "Spectacular memory: Zombie pasts in the themed shopping malls of Dubai" (in en). Memory Studies: 175069802110665. DOI:10.1177/17506980211066579. ISSN 1750-6980.
  22. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07
  23. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07
  24. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07
  25. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07
  26. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07
  27. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07
  28. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07
  29. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07
  30. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07
  31. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07
  32. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07
  33. "Shibam", Wikipedia (in English), 2022-12-07, retrieved 2022-12-07