Yiɣi chaŋ yɛligu maŋamaŋa puuni

Kahimpiɛɣu

Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
kahimpiɛɣu
organisms known by a particular common name
Yaɣ sheliPterygota, Hexapoda Mali niŋ
Nangban yiŋga YuyaPapilionoidea Mali niŋ
Taxon common namemotyle dzienne, buławkorożne Mali niŋ
Siɣili-lana yulicream, butter, paɣa Mali niŋ
Nahingbaŋholometabolism Mali niŋ
Unicode bachinima🦋 Mali niŋ
Taxon known by this common nameRhopalocera Mali niŋ

D-Class

Kahimpiɛɣu[1]nyɛla binneeŋa ŋun mali kpuŋkpama ka nyɛ ŋun yina lepidopteran suborder Rhopalocera, O nahingbaŋ nyɛla kpiŋkpaŋ shɛli din nyɛ din bara, ka mali kɔma ka o tooi kpabiri li di yi ti niŋ ka o vuhira bee o yi ti bori neesim. Di lala yaɣili ŋɔ nyɛ superfamilies Hedyloidea (moth-butterflies ban be Americas) mini Papilionoidea ban be luɣili kam. Kahimpiɛɣu kura nyɛla ban pilli nyɛ Paleocene, kamani 56 million yuma din gari maa amaa bɛ shɛba nyɛ ban daa pilli Late Cretaceous, kamani 101 million yuma din gari.[2]

Kahimpiɛri nyɛla ban mali "four-stage life cycle" kamani holometabolous binneema ban pahi gba ni nyɛ complete metamorphosis.[3] Kahimpiɛri kura nyɛla ban nyari gala niŋdi bindirigu din nyɛ bimbilli ni ka bɛ larvae, ti ni mi shɛba caterpillars nyɛ ban yɛn di. Nyeeli ŋɔ nyɛla ŋun yɛn zaŋ saha bela zooi lɛbigi pupate din be chrysalis. Di yi ti niŋ ka metamorphosis ŋɔ naai, o zaɣ,bila ŋɔ nyɛla ŋun yɛn wɔrigi o maŋmaŋ yina, bineenbila karili ŋɔ nyɛla ŋun yɛn yiɣi yina n-ti yɛrigi o kpunkpama ka di kuui pɔi ka o yiɣi.

Kahimpiɛri shɛŋa, di bahi bahindi ba bɛ tropics ni malila generetion bɔbigu yuuni puli ni, ka shɛŋa mii kuli malila generetion gaŋ' yuuni puli ni, ka lahi mali biɛla luɣ'shɛŋa din maha, ka ni tooi di yuun' bobgu n yi Bɛ life cycle ni.

Possibly the original butter-fly.[4] A male brimstone (Gonepteryx rhamni) in flight.

Piligu Lepidoptera fossils n-daa nyɛTriassic-Jurassic tiŋgbanitariga kamani yuma miliyɔŋ kɔbishii din gari maa.[5] Kahimpiɛri nyɛla ban yina naɣininpɔbirigu ni dizuɣu ka kahimpiɛri ŋɔ nyɛ monophyletic (di da na tuumi nyɛ clade). Kahimpiɛɣu kurili nyɛ Protocoeliades kristenseni ka di nyɛ din yina Palaeocene aged Fur Formation zaŋ n-ti Denmark, kamani yuma miliyɔŋ pihinu ni anu din gari maa ka bɛ nyɛ ban be daŋ yuli booni Hesperiidae (skippers).[6] Molecular clock nyɛla ban yɛlli ni kahimpiɛri nyɛla ban daa piligi Late Cretaceous amaa ka daa leei niŋ bayana Cenozoic saha,[7][2] vihigu zaɣ'yini gba nyɛla din wuhi ni North American nyɛ lala kahimpiɛri ŋɔ yaɣili ŋɔ ni daa piligi shɛli .[2] American kahimpiɛɣu kurili nyɛ Late Eocene Prodryas persephone ka bɛ yina Florissant Fossil Beds,[8][9] kamani yuma miliyɔŋ pihita ni anahi din gari maa.[10]


Possibly the original butter-fly.[4] A male brimstone (Gonepteryx rhamni) in flight.

Oxford English Dictionary nyɛla din nya bachi ŋɔ Old English butorflēoge, butter-fly; di ŋmali yuya nima nyɛla din be Old Dutch mini Old High German ka di wuhiri ni lala yuli ŋɔ nyɛla "ancient" amaa saha ŋɔ Dutch mini German yunsiri la bachi koŋkoba (vlinder mini Schmetterling) ka di yuli ŋɔ gba nyɛ yu koŋkoba balla ni amaa ka leei ŋmani taba. Yuli ŋɔ yibu shee na nyɛla "bright yellow male of the brimstone" (Gonepteryx rhamni); di ni lahi be shɛli ni nyɛla ni kahimpiɛri nyɛla ban daa be kpiŋkpama ni be meadows saha shɛli mɔri ni daa zoora.[4][11]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Tabibi nima nyɛla ban laɣim kahimpiɛri niŋ macrolepidopteran suborder clade Rhopalocera ka bɛ yina order Lepidoptera, ka bɛ ni nyɛ moths.[citation needed] Kali soli zuɣu, kahimpiɛri nyɛla bɛ ni pirigi shɛba niŋ superfamily Papilionoidea gbaai yihi kahimpiɛri bihi zaŋ n-ti Hesperiidae (skippers) ni ban ŋmani naɣininpɔbirigu Hedylidae zaŋ n-ti America. Phylogenetic vihigu nyɛla din wuhi ni kali soli zuɣu Papilionoidea nyɛla paraphyletic ka di lu zahim pubu dibaa ayi la, lala zuɣu bɛ zaŋmi di zaa pahi Papilionoidea ka leei kahimpiɛɣu pubu zaɣ'yini, di nyɛla din yɛn niŋ yim ni clade Rhopalocera.[12][13]


Butterfly families
FamilyCommon nameCharacteristicsImage
HedylidaeAmerican moth-butterfliesSmall, brown, like geometrid moths; antennae not clubbed; long slim abdomen
HesperiidaeSkippersSmall, darting flight; clubs on antennae hooked backwards
LycaenidaeBlues, coppers, hairstreaksSmall, brightly coloured; often have false heads with eyespots and small tails resembling antennae
NymphalidaeBrush-footed or four-footed butterfliesUsually have reduced forelegs, so appear four-legged; often brightly coloured
PapilionidaeSwallowtailsOften have 'tails' on wings; caterpillar generates foul taste with osmeterium organ; pupa supported by silk girdle
PieridaeWhites and alliesMostly white, yellow or orange; some serious pests of Brassica; pupa supported by silk girdle
RiodinidaeMetalmarksOften have metallic spots on wings; often conspicuously coloured with black, orange and blue


A zoomed in view of the wing scales on a Aglais io, or peacock butterfly.

Kahimpiɛɣu kurili nyɛla ŋun nahingbaŋ nyɛ kpunkpama pɔɣiri dibaa anahi laɣim taba ka tiri Lepidoptera bɛ yuli (Ancient Greek λεπίς lepís, scale + πτερόν pterón, kpiŋkpaŋ). Lala pɔɣiri ŋɔ nyɛla din tiri kahimpiɛɣu kpunkpama kama: bɛ shɛba nyɛla melanins ka dizuɣu che ka bɛ mali sabinli mini zaɣ'taŋkpaɣu kama, shɛba nyɛla uric acid mini flavones ka dizuɣu che ka bɛ mali dɔzim kama amaa ka bɛ ni shɛba nyɛ ban mali nuɣiso, vakahili n-ti pahi ʒee kama ka bɛ shɛba mi nyɛ iridescent colours ban nama yina structural coloration ka yaati pɔɣiri maa mini kɔbiri.[14][15][16][17]

Butterfly antennal shapes, mainly clubbed, unlike those of moths. Drawn by C. T. Bingham, 1905

Kamani binneenbila kam, o niŋgbana maa nyɛla din pirigi ʒibuta: zuɣu, thorax n-ti pahi abdomen. "Thorax" ŋɔ nyɛla din pirigi ʒibuta ka di zaɣ'yini kam nyɛ din mali naba. Daŋsi ni pam zaŋ n-ti kahimpiɛɣu o din wumda laɣim kamani moths di ni wali taba be kamani mia la bee kɔbiri.[18]

Unlike butterflies, most moths (like Laothoe populi) fly by night and hide by day.

Kahimpiɛri pam nyɛla ban mali yaa pam yuŋ , bɛ mali la kama din viɛla ka wuɣiri bɛ kpunkpama yaɣiri bɛ niŋgbana zuɣu di yi ti niŋ ka bɛ vuhira, kɔtomsi naɣininpɔbirigu yi yiɣi o kpunkpama nyɛla din tabi o niŋgbana. Naɣininpɔbirigu shɛba ban mali yaa wuntaŋ ni nyɛ hummingbird hawk-moth,[19] nyɛla ban ka lala biɛhigu ŋɔ.[18][20]

A zoomed in view of the wing scales on a Aglais io, or peacock butterfly.
Butterfly antennal shapes, mainly clubbed, unlike those of moths. Drawn by C. T. Bingham, 1905



In art and literature

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Ancient Egyptian relief sculpture, 26th dynasty, Thebes. c. 664–525 BC

Kahimpiɛri nyɛla ban daa pun be ni yuun’ tusaata ni kɔbisinu din gari la ancient Egypt.[22] Mɔɣu gɔbu puuni, kahimpiɛri daa nyɛla binshɛŋa ban wuhiri nyɛvuli benibu, yolisim n-ti pahi yaa ka che bingbaarisi, bɛ niŋsim shɛŋa gba daa nyɛla din wuhiri kpibu mini ma'at gbubu. Bɛ niŋsim shɛŋa gba nyɛla din daa wuhiri labi dɔɣi bee gubu. Kahimpiɛri shɛba kamani tiger butterfly nyɛla ban ni tooi tabi "solar deities" di gbaai bahindi Ra. Jaŋgbuni kahimpiɛɣu gba nyɛla ŋun ŋmani ankh, pirinla di niŋgbun’sabinli tali. Kahimpiɛri gba nyɛla ban wuhiri ni yi kpi o ni be hali shɛli ni.[23]

Alice meets the caterpillar. Illustration by Sir John Tenniel in Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland, c. 1865
Ancient Egyptian relief sculpture, 26th dynasty, Thebes. c. 664–525 BC

B

A collection of butterflies and moths in the Manitoba Museum, c. 2010


  1. ↑ Naden, Tony. 2020. Pictures and words, Dagbani Dictionary.
  2. 1 2 3 (2023-05-15) "A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins". Nature Ecology & Evolution 7 (6): 903–913. DOI:10.1038/s41559-023-02041-9. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 37188966.
  3. ↑ Butterfly Life Cycle (en).
  4. 1 2 3 Marren, Peter; Mabey, Richard (2010). Bugs Britannica. Chatto and Windus. pp. 196–205. ISBN 978-0-7011-8180-2.A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; name "BugsBritannica" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ (2018-01-01) "A Triassic-Jurassic window into the evolution of Lepidoptera". Science Advances 4 (1): e1701568. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.1701568. ISSN 2375-2548. PMID 29349295.
  6. ↑ De Jong, Rienk (2016-08-09). "Reconstructing a 55-million-year-old butterfly (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)". European Journal of Entomology 113: 423–428. DOI:10.14411/eje.2016.055.
  7. ↑ (2019-02-25) "Priors and Posteriors in Bayesian Timing of Divergence Analyses: The Age of Butterflies Revisited". Systematic Biology 68 (5): 797–813. DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syz002. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 30690622.
  8. ↑ Meyer, Herbert William; Smith, Dena M . (2008). Paleontology of the Upper Eocene Florissant Formation, Colorado. Geological Society of America. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-8137-2435-5. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  9. ↑ Lepidoptera – Latest Classification. Discoveries in Natural History & Exploration. University of California.
  10. ↑ (1992) "Calibration of the Latest Eocene-Oligocene geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale Using 40Ar/39Ar Dated Ignimbrites". Geology 20 (5): 459–463. DOI:<0459:cotleo>2.3.co;2 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0459:cotleo>2.3.co;2.
  11. ↑ Donald A. Ringe, A Linguistic History of English: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (Oxford: Oxford, 2003), 232.
  12. ↑ (2012) "Cretaceous Origin and Repeated Tertiary Diversification of the Redefined Butterflies". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279 (1731): 1093–1099. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2011.1430. PMID 21920981.
  13. ↑ (2014) "Phylogenomics Provides Strong Evidence for Relationships of Butterflies And Moths". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281 (1788). DOI:10.1098/rspb.2014.0970. PMID 24966318.
  14. ↑ A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Formfunction
  15. ↑ Mason, C. W. (1927). "Structural Colors in Insects. II". The Journal of Physical Chemistry 31 (3): 321–354. DOI:10.1021/j150273a001.
  16. ↑ (2000) "Optical Classification of Microstructure in Butterfly Wing-scales". Photonics Science News 6: 61–66.
  17. ↑ (February 2006) "Anatomically Diverse Butterfly Scales all Produce Structural Colours by Coherent Scattering". The Journal of Experimental Biology 209 (Pt 4): 748–65. DOI:10.1242/jeb.02051. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 16449568.
  18. 1 2 Gullan, P. J.; Cranston, P. S. (2014). The Insects: An Outline of Entomology (5 ed.). Wiley. pp. 523–524. ISBN 978-1-118-84616-2. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  19. ↑ (1992) "Activity Pattern and Thermal Biology of a Day-Flying Hawkmoth (Macroglossum stellatarum) under Mediterranean summer conditions". Ecological Entomology 17 (1): 52–56. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1992.tb01038.x.
  20. ↑ Butterflies and Moths (Order Lepidoptera). Amateur Entomologists' Society.
  21. ↑ Meyer, A. (October 2006). "Repeating Patterns of Mimicry". PLOS Biology 4 (10): e341. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040341. ISSN 1544-9173. PMID 17048984.
  22. ↑ Larsen, Torben (1994). "Butterflies of Egypt". Saudi Aramco World 45 (5): 24–27.
  23. ↑ Haynes, Dawn. The Symbolism and Significance of the Butterfly in Ancient Egypt (PDF).

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