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Alafiɛ

Malimi soya nim ŋɔ niŋ
Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
(Alaafee ka di tom m-bahina)
alafiɛ
taxon
Yaɣ sheliuseful plant Mali niŋ
Di bukaatabinwonli, medicinal plant, fiber Mali niŋ
Yu'ŋmaaA. comosus Mali niŋ
Nangban yiŋga YuyaAnanas comosus Mali niŋ
Yaɣili Kpamlispecies Mali niŋ
Lamba ZuliyaAnanas Mali niŋ
Has basionymBromelia comosa Mali niŋ
This taxon is source ofpineapple, piña, pineapple juice, Σ Mali niŋ
Di bukaata nimaCAM photosynthesis Mali niŋ
Hardiness of plant10 Mali niŋ
Taxon author citation(L.) Merr. Mali niŋ
GRIN URLhttps://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=3074 Mali niŋ
Sequenced genome URLhttps://plants.ensembl.org/Ananas_comosus Mali niŋ
MCN code0804.30.00 Mali niŋ
Unicode bachinima🍍 Mali niŋ
E-Class

Alafiɛ / Alaafee[1][2] nyɛla binwalli din mali kom pam ka lahi dira. Vihigu puuni wuhiya ni alaafee tooi zooya ka di bela Amarika wuliŋ'puhili polo. Di mali la "vitamin C", ka di viɛli n ti salo alaafee pam. Alaafiɛ walli mali la gohi di ningbungbaŋ zuɣu ka lahi mali va'kaɣila di nyoli ni.

Alafiɛ anfaani nima.

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  1. Di nyɛla binwoli shɛli din tibiri ʒiduli[3].
  2. Di nyɛla din pahiri ti kɔba ni alaafee bee n kpaŋsiri ti kɔba ni
  3. Di nyɛla din kuri puuni yuma
  4. Di nyɛla din tibiri fiɛwfiɛw[4]
  5. Di lahi kpaŋsiri ni yina kpɛŋ
  6. Di sɔŋdimi ka ti ni diri bindira shɛŋa zaa wurim ti pulini
  7. Alafiɛ sɔŋsiri ka ti nina ne viɛn'yɛliŋga
  8. Di nyɛla din pahiri ninsala ningbuna ni yaa[4]
  9. Alafiɛ sɔŋsiri m m-polisiri ninsala ningbuna

Alaafee ŋɔ[5][6] (Ananas comosus) nyɛla tropical plant shɛli din dira; di ni nyɛ binwali shɛli din niŋ bayana bimbilima daŋ yuli booni Bromeliaceae ni.[7]

Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla din daa piligi South America, ni ka bɛ daa tooi kuri li kurumbuna ni ha. Alaafee bimbili ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa piligi shɛli Europe tum 17th century ka di nyɛ binshɛli niriba pam ni daa bora. Tum 1820s, alaafee nyɛla bɛ ni kuri shɛli mali niŋdi daabilim.

Alaafee nyɛla din piligiri zoobu kamani tutuɣu bila; pum shɛŋa din wali wali za di koŋkoba nyɛla din yɛn laɣim taba leei multiple fruit. Bimbili ŋɔ nyɛla din piligiri zoobu di offset din be binwalli ŋɔ zuɣusaa[5][8] bee di luɣili zuɣu ka nyɛ din niŋdi kamani yuun yini sunsuun.[8][9]

Pineapple in the starting stage
Pineapple inflorescence
A young pineapple in flower
Pineapple flowers close-up

Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla herbaceous perennial din zoori paari 1.0 to 1.5 m (3 ft 3 in to 4 ft 11 in) di waɣilim, saha shɛŋa di waɣilim ŋɔ nyɛla din gariti la. Bimbili ŋɔ nyɛla din mali da'jia din kpɛma ni vari. Di yi ti namdi binwalli, di tooi zooi ka di niŋdi puma kamani kɔbishi amaa di zaɣ'kari shɛŋa nyɛla din tooi niŋdi puma ŋɔ gariti lala kalinli ŋɔ. Di yi nam puma ŋɔ naai, pum kam di wali wali zaya nyɛla din yɛn laɣim taba leei multiple fruit. Puma ŋɔ nambu nyaaŋa, di binshɛli beni ka ban kuri li booni "suckers" nyɛla din yɛn yihi bee ka di beni ti leei pum binwalli ŋɔ ni.[8] "Sucker" shɛŋa din be di gbunni tooi nyɛla bɛ ni kpaɣiri shɛli. Di vari waɣilim nyɛla din paai kamani 30 to 100 cm (1 to 3+1⁄2 ft). Chira pinaayi zaŋ chaŋ pishi ni, di daɣu maa nyɛla ŋmani inflorescence ka di waɣilim paai kamani 15 cm (6 in).

Binshɛŋa ban tooi yihi alaafee tahiri luɣishɛŋa dabam mɔɣini nyɛ hummingbirds.[5][10] Mɔɣini alaafee shɛŋa nyɛla binkɔbiri mini zɔŋsi ni yihi tahiri luɣishɛŋa dabam.[11] Kɔbu ni, binwalli ŋɔ nyɛla ninsali nima ni zaŋdi bɛ nuhi wuligiri shɛli ginda din yɛn che ka di bili.[5] Hawaii luɣishɛli bɛ ni kuri alaafee hali ni 20th century,[12] Binwalli ŋɔ wuligi gili ni "hummingbirds" nyɛla bɛ ni daa kari shɛli.[13]

Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla ʒiʒibunu zuɣu amaa tuuli ka bɛ daa na yɛlli ni di zaa be la koŋkoba.[14] Di shɛli nyɛ bracteatus.[15]

ImageVarietiesDistribution
Ananas comosus var. bracteatus (L.B.Sm.) Coppens & F.LealBrazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, Ecuador
Ananas comosus var. comosus (Linnaeus) MerrillBrazil and Paraguay; naturalized in parts of Asia, Africa, Australia, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, northern South America, and various islands in the Pacific
Ananas comosus var. erectifolius (L.B.Sm.) Coppens & F.LealPeru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, French Guiana
Ananas comosus var. microstachys (Mez) L.B.Sm.from Costa Rica to Paraguay
Ananas comosus var. parguazensis (Camargo & L.B.Sm.) Coppens & F.LealColombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana

Tuuli silimiinsili kundivihirili zaŋ n-ti alaafee daa nyɛla yuuni 1568 lɛbigibu din daa yina French André Thevet's The New Found World, or Antarctike di ni ka o daa yɛlli ni di nyɛla Hoyriri, binwalli shɛli Tupinambá people ni kuri ka dira ka lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛ ban miri Rio de Janeiro,saha ŋɔ ka pa mali dihitabili ni di ni nyɛ alaafee.[16] Di nyaaŋa lala silimiinsili lɛbigibu ŋɔ ni yaha, o daa buɣisi binwalli ŋɔ la "Nana made in the manner of a Pine apple", di ni ka o daa lahi yunsi Tupi bachi nanas ka di gbunni nyɛ 'binwall din mali jiri'.[17] Lala yuli ŋɔ nyɛla European balla pam ni daa yunsiri shɛli ka daa ti binwalli ŋɔ tabibi yuli binomial Ananas comosus ka comosus 'tufted' gbunni nyɛ binwalli daɣu. Purchas, silimiinsili sabu ni yuuni 1613, nyɛla ŋun boli binwalli ŋɔ Ananas amaa ka Oxford English DictionaryTɛmplet:'s daa tuui boli binwalli ŋɔ alaafee, ŋun daa boli li la di puuni ŋɔ nyɛ silimiinsili sabira Mandeville yuuni 1714.[18]

Pineapple fruit, whole and in longitudinal section

Precolonial cultivation

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Mɔɣini alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla din daa pili Paraná–Paraguay River bin din gbaai tiŋgbani yuli booni Brazil mini tiŋgbani yuli booni Paraguay sunsuun.[5][19][20][21] Milinsi bela nyɛ din beni zaŋ n-ti li amaa di nyɛla din daa wuligi gili South America. Archaeological shɛhira zaŋ n-ti binwalli ŋɔ yunsibu nyɛla din daa piligi 1200–800 BC (3200–2800 BP) tiŋgbani yuli booni Peru[22] ka daa piligi 200 BC – 700 AD (2200–1300 BP) tiŋgbani yuli booni Mexico,[23] ni ka Mayas mini Aztecs daa kuri li.[24] 1400s naabu ni, alaafee binwalli ŋɔ nyɛla din daa wuligi gili ka daa leei bindirigu zaŋ n-ti American bilichini nima. Tuuli Europe ninvuɣ so ŋun daa nya alaafee ŋɔ n-daa nyɛ Christopher Columbus, o ni daa nya li luɣishɛli maa yuli booni Guadeloupe silimiin goli November dabaa anahi dali yuuni 1493.[25][26] Portuguese nima nyɛla ban daa zaŋ binwalli ŋɔ yi Brazil ka daa zaŋ li wuhi India nima yuuni 1550.[27] 'Red Spanish [es]' ŋɔ gba nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni daa zaŋ wuhi Spanish ban yina Latin America mini Philippines ka nyɛ bɛ ni daa kuri shɛli 17th century.[28]

Columbus nyɛla ban daa zaŋ binwalli ŋɔ labisina Spain ka daa boli piña de Indes ka di gbunni nyɛ "pine of the Indians". Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ shɛli niŋ Peter Martyr's Decades of the New World (1516) mini Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo (1524–1525) kundinima ni ka ŋun daa tuui baŋ di gbuuni nyɛ Oviedo's Historia General de Las Indias (1535).[29]


Old World introduction

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Britannia presented with cornucopiae including pineapples by allegories of Nature, Industry, and Science, with an orangery in the background (frontispiece of The Gardeners Dictionary, 1764)

Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla binwalli shɛli Europenima ni daa zaŋ shɛli kpɛ bɛ tiŋgbani ni,[30] di nyɛla binwalli shɛli din daa na be niŋdi Europe hali ka Pieter de la Court (1664–1739) daa piligi greenhouse kubu ka di daa miri Leiden.[31][26] Alaafee binwalli nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ shɛli yi Netherlands kpɛ English gardeners yuuni 1719 mini French yuuni 1730.[26] England, tuuli alaafee nyɛla bɛ ni daa ko shɛli Dorney Court, Dorney din be Buckinghamshire ka "pineapple stove" din yɛn tiri binwalli ŋɔ tulim nyɛ bɛ ni daa niŋ shɛli Chelsea Physic Garden yuuni 1723.[32][33] France, King Louis XV nyɛla bɛ ni daa ti so alaafee shɛli din pun bili Versailles yuuni 1733. Russia, Peter the Great nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ de la Court's ŋɔ kpɛhina St. Petersburg yuuni 1720s; yuuni1730, alaafee pishi nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ shɛli yi ni tahi Empress Anna's Moscow Nayili.[34][35]

1772 illustration of an Ananas comosus pineapple which was given the early scientific name of Cardus brasilianus folius aloes by Banhius in 1623[36]

Pirinla di ʒi kpɛna ŋɔ daa mali laɣa dibu pam ka lahi nyɛ din bori kpariba ban yɛn lihi li ka di zooi leei "pineries", pineapple became a symbol of wealth. Di nyɛla bɛ ni daa na yunsiri shɛli bindira dibu paatinima ni gari bɛ kuli diri li biɛɣ'kam, bɛ daa kuli yunsiri limi bindira dibu paatinima ŋɔ ni hali ka di daa ti piligi saɣimbu.[37] 18th century, binwalli ŋɔ kɔbu British nyɛla binshɛli bɛ ni daa kpaŋsi.[37] John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore nyɛla ŋun daa miɛ "hothouse" din daa gili kuɣili cupola din waɣilim be kamani mita pinaanahi; bɛ booni li la Dunmore Pineapple.[38] Alaafee ŋɔ nyɛla shɛba ni mali di vari dihi binyɛra nachinsi.[39][40][41]

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  1. ↑ Naden, Tony. 2014 .Dagbani dictionary. Webonary.
  2. ↑ Definition of pineapple | Dictionary.com (en).
  3. ↑ 26 Benefits of Pineapple For Health, Skin and Hair (en-US) (2021-01-20).
  4. 1 2 26 Benefits of Pineapple For Health, Skin and Hair (en-US) (2021-01-20).
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Morton, Julia F (1987). Pineapple, Ananas comosus.
  6. ↑ Pineapple Definition | Definition of Pineapple at Dictionary.com. Dictionary.reference.com.
  7. ↑ Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, G; Leal, F. (2003). "Chapter 2: Morphology, Anatomy, and Taxonomy". In Bartholomew, DP; Paull, RE; Rohrbach, KG (eds.). The Pineapple: Botany, Production, and Uses. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-85199-503-8.
  8. 1 2 3 How to grow a pineapple in your home. Pineapple Working Group-International Horticultural Society.[permanent dead link]
  9. ↑ Pineapple Growing. Tropical Permaculture.com (Birgit Bradtke).
  10. ↑ (2012) "Functional aspects of floral nectar secretion of Ananas ananassoides, an ornithophilous bromeliad from the Brazilian savanna". Annals of Botany 109 (7): 1243–1252. DOI:10.1093/aob/mcs053. PMID 22455992.
  11. ↑ Aziz SA, Olival KJ, Bumrungsri S, Richards GC, Racey PA (2016). "The Conflict Between Pteropodid Bats and Fruit Growers: Species, Legislation and Mitigation". In Voigt C, Kingston T (eds.). Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World. Springer. pp. 377–426. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25220-9_13. ISBN 9783319252209. S2CID 111056244.
  12. ↑ (2012) "Hawaii Pineapple: The Rise and Fall of an Industry". HortScience 47 (10): 1390–1398. DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.47.10.1390.
  13. ↑ List of prohibited animals. Government of Hawaii, Department of Agriculture (28 November 2006).
  14. ↑ Bartholomew, D. P.; Paull, Robert E.; Rohrbach, K. G. (2002). The Pineapple: Botany, Production, and Uses (in English). CABI. p. 23. ISBN 9780851999791.
  15. ↑ (2015) "The pineapple genome and the evolution of CAM photosynthesis" (in en). Nature Genetics 47 (12): 1435–1442. DOI:10.1038/ng.3435. ISSN 1546-1718. PMID 26523774.
  16. ↑ (1998) "An Annotated Catalogue of the Generic Names of the Bromeliaceae". Selbyana 19 (1): 91–121. ISSN 0361-185X.
  17. ↑ Davidson, A. (2008). The Penguin Companion to Food. Penguin Books.
  18. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  19. ↑ Bertoni, "Contributions a l'étude botanique des plantes cultivées. Essai d'une monographie du genre Ananas", Annales Cient. Paraguay (2nd series) 4 (by1919:250–322).
  20. ↑ Baker, K. F.; Collins, J. L. (1939). "Notes on the distribution and ecology of Ananas and Pseudananas in South America". American Journal of Botany.
  21. ↑ Collins. J. L. (1960). The pineapple: botany, utilization, cultivation. London: Leonard Hill.
  22. ↑ Pearsall, Deborah M. (1992). "The Origins of Plant Cultivation in South America". In The Origins of Agriculture : An International Perspective. 173–205. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  23. ↑ Callen, Eric O. (1967). "Analysis of the Tehuacan coprolites". The prehistory of the Tehuacan Valley 1: 261–289.
  24. ↑ Pickersgill, B. (1976). "Pineapple". In Simmonds, N. W. (ed.). Evolution of Crop Plants.
  25. ↑ Morrison, S. E. (1963). Journals and Other Documents of the Life of Christopher Columbus. Heritage Press.
  26. 1 2 3 Rohtbach, G. K. G.; Leal, F. (2003). "Chapter 1: History, distributions and World Production". In Bartholomew, D. P.; Paull, R. E.; Rohrbach, K. G. (eds.). The Pineapple: Botany, Production, and Uses. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-85199-503-8.
  27. ↑ Collingham, L (2007). Curry: a Tale of Cooks and Conquerors. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-532001-5.
  28. ↑ History & Origin of Piña.
  29. ↑ Hayward, Wyndham (1956). "The Pineapple meets the Press". The Bromeliad Society Bulletin 6.
  30. ↑ Cumo, Christopher (2015). Foods that Changed History: How Foods Shaped Civilization from the Ancient World to the Present. ABC-CLIO. p. 294.
  31. ↑ Pieter de La Court van der Voort. Oxford Index. Oxford University Press.
  32. ↑ Beauman, F. (2005). The Pineapple: King of Fruits. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-7011-7699-0.
  33. ↑ Sheller, Mimi (2003). Consuming the Caribbean: From Arawaks to Zombies. Routledge. p. 80.
  34. ↑ (2019) "Pieter De La Court Van Der Voort and Innovations in Pineapple Cultivation in Early Eighteenth-Century Gardens". Garden History 47 (1): 23–41.[permanent dead link]
  35. ↑ Error on call to Şablon:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specifiedKuznetsova, Svetlana (2022-12-10). (ru). Kommersant. (The article title is a citation from an earlier history work and refers to mid-18th century.)
  36. ↑ "Bromeliad Society of Greater Chicago". The BSGC News. May–June 2012. http://www.bromeliad.nl/Documenten//Bromeliad%20Society%20of%20Greater%20Chicago/2012/2012-06-June2012.pdf.
  37. 1 2 Beauman (2005), p. 87.
  38. ↑ Stevenson, Jack (1995). Exploring Scotland's Heritage: Glasgow, Clydesdale, and Stirling. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 83.
  39. ↑ Curl, James Stevens (2003). Classical Architecture: An Introduction to Its Vocabulary and Essentials, with a Select Glossary of Terms. W. W. Norton. p. 206.
  40. ↑ Hugh Morrison (1952). Early American Architecture: From the First Colonial Settlements to the National Period. Oxford University Press. p. 302.
  41. ↑ Harris, Cyril Manton (1998). American Architecture: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. W. W. Norton. p. 248.
  • Menzel, Christopher. "Tropical and Subtropical Fruit". Encyclopedia of Agricultural Science Volume 4. ISBN 0122266706. Charles J Arntzen. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., Academic Press, 2012. 380–382.

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