Martenitsa

Slavic folk holiday
Tingbani shɛli din yina	Bulgaria, Macedonia, Moldavia, Romania
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01287, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01287, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01287

{short description|Balkanic tradition}}

A Martenitsa (Tɛmplet:Lang-bg, pronounced [ˈmartɛnit͡sa]; Tɛmplet:Lang-mk; Tɛmplet:Lang-el; Tɛmplet:Lang-ro; Tɛmplet:Lang-al) nyɛla "adornment" zaɣ'bila ka bɛ tooi mali tan'piɛlli mini tan'ʒee niŋdi li ka di nyɛ "white male" mini "red female". Martenitsi nyɛla bɛn niŋdi shɛli Baba Marta Day (silimin gɔli March dahin yini dali) hali ni stork, swallow, bee blossoming tree (silimin gɔli March naaibu ni bee silimin gɔli April dahin yini dali)). Lala vuhim dabisili ŋɔ gbunni nyɛ "Grandma March", Bulgarian mini Macedonian, vuhim dabisili ŋɔ mini Martenitsi ŋɔ yabu nyɛla Bulgarian mini Macedonian kali ka bɛ mali tuhiri "spring" soli, lahabali din yina Bulgarian mini Macedonian folklore wuhiya ni di piligiri la silimin gɔli March.^[1] Yuuni 2017, UNESCO nim daa zaŋ li pahi Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity yuya ni. ^[2]^[3]^[4]

Symbolism

Martenitsa nyɛla din mali "wool doll" nim ayi, Pizho mini Penda (Tɛmplet:Lang-bg). Pizho, din nyɛ "male doll", zooya ka di nyɛla zaɣapiɛlli; Penda, din nyɛ "female doll" zooya ka di nyɛla zaɣaʒee.Tɛmplet:Cn

Di zaɣaʒee mini di zaɣapiɛll ŋɔ nyɛla din wuhiri ni bɛ suhurimi bori alaafee. Zaɣapiɛll ŋɔ nyɛla din wuhiri kashii tali ka zaɣaʒee ŋɔ mi wuhiri nyɛvuli ni alaafee. Di niŋbu nyɛla din teeri niriba biɛhigu mini kpibu, zaɣa viɛlli mini zaɣa biɛɣu, suhugarigu mini suhupiɛlli ninsali biɛhigu puuni.^[5] Di nyɛla din lahi wuhiri paɣa mini doo piligu ni bɛ biɛhigu dunia puuni.Tɛmplet:Cn

Tradition

Martenitsi nyɛla bɛn mali shɛli tiri pina. Bɛ mali limi n-tiri bɛn yuri shɛba, bu zosim nima n-ti pahi bɛn miri sokam zaa.Tɛmplet:Cn silimin gɔli March piligu, ninvuɣ yino bee ninvuɣ bɔb'gu nyɛla ban yɛn zaŋ li lo bɛ shee bee bɛ nyingoli hali ka "wearer" ti nya "stork" bee "swallow" ni labiri na ka bɛ naai yihi Martenitsa ŋɔ.Tɛmplet:Cn

Bulgarian folklore mini Macedonian Slavic mythology di gbunni nyɛla Baba Marta (Tɛmplet:Lang-bg, "Grandma March") din daa niŋ ka bɛ yiɣisi paɣa ninkurigu suhu la. Dihitabili shɛli bɛn mali nyɛla bɛ yi yee sutiri ʒɛhi mini zaɣapiɛlla zaŋ n-ti Martenitsa, niriba bɔri la champaŋ Baba Marta sani.Tɛmplet:Cn

Martenitsa bahigu niŋbu nyɛla din be koŋkoba Bulgaria mini North Macedonia yaɣa zaa. Ninvuɣ shɛba nyɛla ban mali Martenitsa lori tia so ŋun mali binwala, ka di wuhiri ni di tiri la tia maa alaafee mini saha.^[6] Ninvuɣ shɛba mali limi lori kuɣ'li ka bɛ mali dihitabili ni bineebila so ŋun miri lala kuɣ'li ŋɔ dabisili shɛli din paya na maa wuhiri ninsali nim alaafee lala yuuni maa. Di yi niŋ ka larva bee worm miri li di wuhirimi ni yuun shɛli din paya na maa yɛn nyɛla alaafee mini alibarika yuuni. Dimi yi niŋ ka di nyɛ ant di wuhirimi ni di yɛn nyɛla alibarika mini alaafee zaŋ n-ti di lana amaa shee ka o di wahala pɔi. Dimi yi niŋ ka bin'neebila so ŋun miri kuɣ'li maa nyɛ spider di wuhirimi ni lala niri ŋɔ nyɛla ŋun be yɛla ni ka nyɛ ŋun yɛn koŋ alaafee mini alibarika kam lala yuuni maa.Tɛmplet:Cn

Saha ŋɔ Martenitsi nyɛla din yi di ko ka che saha shɛli maa.^[5]

Pili li

Di kali ŋɔ nyɛla din kpa talahi ka mali yaa Culture of Bulgaria ka di ŋmali nyɛ din be North Macedonia, Greece, Albania (ka bɛ booni li verorja), Romania n-ti pahi Moldova. Di nyɛla din chaŋ n-ti ŋmani Balkan Peninsula mini pukparilim taarihi. Di niŋbu nahingban shɛŋa kamani mi'ʒee mini mi'piɛlli lobu zuɣu chemi ka bɛ yɛli ni di pili la Thracian (paleo-Balkan) bee Hellenic bee Roman origins.^[7]

"Ethnographers" shɛba nyɛla ban yɛli ni di piligi la Eleusinian Mysteries. Di niŋbu nyɛla bɛn yɛli shɛli Photios' Lexicon. Di wuhiri ni "priests" [μύσται] nyɛla ŋun mali mi'ʒee lori [κρόκη] bɛ nu'dirigu mini bɛ napɔna.^[8] Lala saha maa tan'ʒee nyɛla bɛn daa na mali shɛli taɣiri bihi mini zaɣapola ka cheri yɛl'biɛri mini so'nima.^[9]^[10]

20th-century Bulgarian lahabali nyɛla din daa yɛli tuuli Martenitsi yɛltɔɣa 7th-century Battle of Ongal din be Bulgar Khan Asparuh mini Byzantines sunsuun ka Bulgar daa nya nasara. Tɔbu ŋɔ nyaaŋa, Asparuch daa tim la "doves" ni mi'piɛlla wuhiri bɛ nasara nyabu.^[11]^[12]

Lihimi m-pahi

Kundivihira

↑ Grandmother March, 1st March, Martenitsa Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine Bulgarian rituals and traditions Regional Museum Burgas
↑ Cultural practices associated to the 1st of March - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO. Ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 2019-12-21.
↑ Dubravka Ugresic (11 January 2011). Baba Yaga Laid an Egg. Grove Atlantic. p. 244. ISBN 9780802197634. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
↑ Canadian Ethnic Studies. Research centre for Canadian Ethnic Studies at the University of Calgary for the Canadian Ethnic Studies Association. 1975. p. 44. Archived from the original on 2023-04-18. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
1 2 Reading Room: The martenitsa story (2008-02-29). Archived from the original on 2009-03-04.
↑ Bulgarian Martenitsa.
↑ Център по тракология "Проф. Александър Фол"; Енциклопедия Древна Тракия и траките - Мартеницата, Ваня Лозанова..
↑ Phōtiou tou patriarchou Lexeōn synagōgE (Φωτίου του Πατριάρχου Λέξεων Συναγωγή), London, 1822, p. 180.
↑ Koukoules Phaidon, "On the food and care of the children in Byzantium" (Περί των ανήβων τροφής και επιμελείας παρά Βυζαντινοίς), in Επετηρίς Εταιρείας Βυζαντινών Σπουδών, vol. 14 (1938), pp 325, 326 Archived 2018-06-29 at the Wayback Machine The author refers to John Chrysostom (4th c AD), Patrologia Graeca, 49.196, and P.G. 61.106, to DuCagne Lexicon (word περιάμματα), W. Deonna, "Quelques croyances superstitieuses de la Grece ancienne" in Revue des etudes Grecques 42.169 (no date), and P.Wolters, "Faden und Knoten als Amulet", in Archiv f. Religionswiss. 1905, pp 1-22 of the Annex.
↑ Patrologiae cursus completus ..., Migne, vol. 61, Chrysost. Epistle to Corinthians, columns 105 (down) and 106 in Greek and Latin.
↑ Етнологът Иглика Мишкова: Мартеницата никога не се изхвърля, за да не си изхвърли човек и късмета, 01 март 2011 г. Агенция "Фокус"..
↑ В-к "Сега" Брой 4924 (49) 27 Февруари 2014, Мартеницата и сурвачката имат общ произход, ст.н.с. Иван Петрински. Archived 2016-03-09 at the Wayback Machine

External links

Пожелания за Баба Марта. Wishes for Baba Marta (Wishes for Grandma Marta).
Bulgarian martenitsi online store. Bulgarian Folk Art. Archived from the original on 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
Baba Marta (Grandma Marta). Balkan Info. Archived from the original on 2007-03-03. Retrieved 2007-03-02.
Baba Marta Bulgarian custom.

Tɛmplet:Slavic mythology

[1] Grandmother March, 1st March, Martenitsa Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine Bulgarian rituals and traditions Regional Museum Burgas

[2] Cultural practices associated to the 1st of March - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO. Ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 2019-12-21.

[3] Dubravka Ugresic (11 January 2011). Baba Yaga Laid an Egg. Grove Atlantic. p. 244. ISBN 9780802197634. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.

[4] Canadian Ethnic Studies. Research centre for Canadian Ethnic Studies at the University of Calgary for the Canadian Ethnic Studies Association. 1975. p. 44. Archived from the original on 2023-04-18. Retrieved 2023-03-19.

[Sofia-5] 1 2 Reading Room: The martenitsa story (2008-02-29). Archived from the original on 2009-03-04.

[6] Bulgarian Martenitsa.

[7] Център по тракология "Проф. Александър Фол"; Енциклопедия Древна Тракия и траките - Мартеницата, Ваня Лозанова..

[8] Phōtiou tou patriarchou Lexeōn synagōgE (Φωτίου του Πατριάρχου Λέξεων Συναγωγή), London, 1822, p. 180.

[9] Koukoules Phaidon, "On the food and care of the children in Byzantium" (Περί των ανήβων τροφής και επιμελείας παρά Βυζαντινοίς), in Επετηρίς Εταιρείας Βυζαντινών Σπουδών, vol. 14 (1938), pp 325, 326 Archived 2018-06-29 at the Wayback Machine The author refers to John Chrysostom (4th c AD), Patrologia Graeca, 49.196, and P.G. 61.106, to DuCagne Lexicon (word περιάμματα), W. Deonna, "Quelques croyances superstitieuses de la Grece ancienne" in Revue des etudes Grecques 42.169 (no date), and P.Wolters, "Faden und Knoten als Amulet", in Archiv f. Religionswiss. 1905, pp 1-22 of the Annex.

[10] Patrologiae cursus completus ..., Migne, vol. 61, Chrysost. Epistle to Corinthians, columns 105 (down) and 106 in Greek and Latin.

[11] Етнологът Иглика Мишкова: Мартеницата никога не се изхвърля, за да не си изхвърли човек и късмета, 01 март 2011 г. Агенция "Фокус"..

[12] В-к "Сега" Брой 4924 (49) 27 Февруари 2014, Мартеницата и сурвачката имат общ произход, ст.н.с. Иван Петрински. Archived 2016-03-09 at the Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]