Yiɣi chaŋ yɛligu maŋamaŋa puuni

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
behavioral disorder, disability, class of disease, neurodevelopmental disorder, neurodiversity, Dɔriti
Yaɣ shelispecific developmental disorder, hyperkinetic disorder, Dɔriti, neurodevelopmental disorder Mali niŋ
Yu'ŋmaaADHD, СДВГ, PHDA Mali niŋ
Ŋun bɔhim ŋa nyɛpsychiatry, neuropsychology Mali niŋ
Health specialtypsychiatry, child and adolescent psychiatry Mali niŋ
Hasitagiadhd Mali niŋ
ComorbidityNon-Verbal Learning Disorder, autism, autism spectrum disorder Mali niŋ
WordLift URLhttp://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_adhd Mali niŋ
ICPC 2 IDP81 Mali niŋ
NCI Thesaurus IDC97160, C35092 Mali niŋ
Stack Exchange taghttps://psychology.stackexchange.com/tags/adhd Mali niŋ

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) nyɛla zuɣupuri doro zaŋ ti "neurodevelopmental".[1][2] Di nahingbana nyɛla nira yi mali muɣisi ni zaɣa zaŋ niŋ binyɛra ni, bee n kuli niŋdi binyɛra ni suhuyurilim, ka di yaɣi lala binyɛra niŋbu.[3][4] Ninvuɣ'shɛba ban mali ADHD ʒi bi ni yɛn niŋ shɛm mahi bɛ suhuri.[5][6][7][4] Di nahingbana tumi ni di yi bia ni na ka o naan yi paai yuun pinaayi, chira ayɔbu ni di tu ni di yi polo, ka tahiri yɛlimuɣisira na kamani (shikuruti ni, yiŋa, bee dɛma shee).[8][9] Bihi ni, bɛ ni tooi kɔŋ shikuru chandi di yi niŋ ka lala yɛlimuɣisira ŋɔ beni.[3] Di lahi pahiri dori shɛŋa zuɣupuri ni.[10] Shɛba ni tooi mali ADHD amaa ka leei mali zaɣa ni bɛ suhuri ni be binshɛŋa ni (hyperfocus).[11][12]

Di mini di nyɛla doro din zooi bikura ni bihi ni maa zaa yoli, din tahiri lala doro ŋɔ na bɛ yi polo. Di ʒim ni benibu buɣisjmi kamani vaabu 75%.[13] "Nicotine exposure" ni paɣ'puli nyɛla din ni tooi tahi ʒilɛli ni pɔhili na.[14] Di bi yirina bɛ ni wumsiri bia shɛm ni.[15] Di gbahirila bihi kamani 5–7% ka di nyɛla di dolila "DSM-IV" [4][16] ka 1–2% mi yirina "ICD-10" ni.[17] Zaŋ kana yuuni 2015, di daa gbahila niriba 51.1 miliyɔŋ dunia zaa.[18] Di niŋ tiŋ'kam shɛm ŋmanila taba.[19] ADHD tooi niŋdi dobba ni kamani pubu buyi gari paɣaba ni,[4] amaa paɣaba ni nahingbana be di ko ka che dobba ni.[20][21][22] Kamani 30–50% ban mali li bɛ bilim ni zoorimi ni dina ka 2–5% ban nyɛ bi'kura mali sabbu li.[23][24][25][26] Di too nyɛla din damdi bɛ zaɣa.[27] Doro ŋɔ nahingbana nyabu ni tooi to pam saha shɛŋa.[9]

ADHD maneejibutooi dolila tingbani kam ni niŋdi li shɛm ka di ni tooi nyɛla saɣisigu tibu, biɛhigu taɣibu, ni tima tibu.[3] British nima ʒimi ni di tim bihi ban di mali yaa tima tuuli ka ri ban dina dii ka yaa tima di yi niŋ ka bɛ zaɣisi saɣisivu deebu.[28] Canadanima mini Americanima kpaŋsila biɛhigu taɣibu tuuli pɔi ni tim tibu.[29][30][31] Tima ni tooi ku bukaata chira pinaanahi, amaa ka di tibili zaazaa shɛhira kanai[32][33][34][35][36][37][38]

Dɔɣitenima kundunima wuhiya ni di mini ADHD nahingbana nyɛla yim tum 18th century.[39] ADHD, baŋbu mini di ni tibiri shɛm dii bi yi polo tum 1970s.[40][41] Ban yuuni alaafee zuɣu pam saɣiti ni ADHD nyɛla din nahindi bihi pam, ka tabiibinima mali nangbankpeeni ni di baŋbu ni tibbu.[42][43][44] Tuuli bɛ daa na booni la lala doro maa "attention deficit disorder (ADD)" bini din gbaai yuuni 1980 zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1987, amaa poi ni dina bɛ daa na booni li la "hyperkinetic reaction of childhood".[45][46]


  1. ↑ (February 2013) "Inattentiveness in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". Neuroscience Bulletin 29 (1): 103–10. DOI:10.1007/s12264-012-1295-6. PMID 23299717.
  2. ↑ Caroline SC, ed. (2010). Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 133. ISBN 9780387717982. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (March 2016).
  4. 1 2 3 4 American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 59–65. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
  5. ↑ (February 2019) "Practitioner Review: Emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - implications for clinical recognition and intervention". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines 60 (2): 133–150. DOI:10.1111/jcpp.12899. PMID 29624671.
  6. ↑ (April 2019) "Response Inhibition, Response Execution, and Emotion Regulation among Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 47 (4): 589–603. DOI:10.1007/s10802-018-0466-y. PMID 30112596.
  7. ↑ (January 2018) "Pharmacotherapy of emotional dysregulation in adults with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 84: 359–367. DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.010. PMID 28837827.
  8. ↑ Symptoms and Diagnosis. Division of Human Development, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (29 September 2014).
  9. 1 2 Dulcan, Mina K.; Lake, MaryBeth (2011). "Axis I Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence: Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders". Concise Guide to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (4th illustrated ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 34. ISBN 978-1-58562-416-4 – via Google Books.
  10. ↑ (October 2016) "Long-Term Outcomes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 55 (10): 841–50. DOI:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.016. PMID 27663939.
  11. ↑ (February 2019) "Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD". European Psychiatry 56: 14–34. DOI:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001. PMID 30453134.
  12. ↑ (August 2012) "[The school child with ADHD]" (in DE). Therapeutische Umschau 69 (8): 467–73. DOI:10.1024/0040-5930/a000316. PMID 22851461.
  13. ↑ Demontis, Ditte (2019). "Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder". Nature Genetics 51 (1): 63–75. DOI:10.1038/s41588-018-0269-7. PMID 30478444. “Consensus estimates from more than 30 twin studies indicate that the heritability of ADHD is 70–80% throughout the lifespan and that environmental risks are those not shared by siblings. Twin studies also suggest that diagnosed ADHD represents the extreme tail of one or more heritable quantitative traits.”
  14. ↑ Tiesler, Carla M. T. (21 September 2014). "Prenatal nicotine exposure and child behavioural problems". European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 23 (10): 913–929. DOI:10.1007/s00787-014-0615-y. PMID 25241028.
  15. ↑ Does Bad Parenting Cause ADHD?.
  16. ↑ (July 2012) "The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review". Neurotherapeutics 9 (3): 490–9. DOI:10.1007/s13311-012-0135-8. PMID 22976615.
  17. ↑ Cowen, Philip; Harrison, Paul; Burns, Tom (2012). "Drugs and other physical treatments". Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry (6th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 546. ISBN 978-0-19-960561-3 – via Google Books.
  18. ↑ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet 388 (10053): 1545–1602. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMID 27733282.
  19. ↑ Faraone SV (2011). "Ch. 25: Epidemiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". In Tsuang MT, Tohen M, Jones P (eds.). Textbook of Psychiatric Epidemiology (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 450. ISBN 9780470977408. Archived from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  20. ↑ Crawford, Nicole (February 2003). "ADHD: a women's issue". Monitor on Psychology 34 (2): 28.
  21. ↑ (April 2009) "[Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]" (in FR). L'Encephale 35 (2): 107–14. DOI:10.1016/j.encep.2008.01.005. PMID 19393378.
  22. ↑ (December 2008) "Beyond polemics: science and ethics of ADHD". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 9 (12): 957–64. DOI:10.1038/nrn2514. PMID 19020513.
  23. ↑ (September 2010) "European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD". BMC Psychiatry 10: 67. DOI:10.1186/1471-244X-10-67. PMID 20815868.
  24. ↑ (2008) "[Neuropsychological impairments in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a literature review]" (in Hungarian). Psychiatria Hungarica 23 (5): 324–35. PMID 19129549.
  25. ↑ (2014) "Underdiagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients: a review of the literature". The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders 16 (3). DOI:10.4088/PCC.13r01600. PMID 25317367. “Reports indicate that ADHD affects 2.5%–5% of adults in the general population,5–8 compared with 5%–7% of children.9,10 ... However, fewer than 20% of adults with ADHD are currently diagnosed and/or treated by psychiatrists.7,15,16”
  26. ↑ National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK) (2009). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : diagnosis and management of ADHD in children, young people, and adults. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (Great Britain), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (Great Britain), British Psychological Society., Royal College of Psychiatrists. Leicester: British Psychological Society. p. 17. ISBN 9781854334718. OCLC 244314955. PMID 22420012.
  27. ↑ (August 2006) "Adult ADHD: Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Medication Management". Psychiatry 3 (8): 25–30. PMID 20963192. “likelihood that the adult with ADHD has developed coping mechanisms to compensate for his or her impairment”
  28. ↑ National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2009). "Pharmacological Treatment". Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children, Young People and Adults. NICE Clinical Guidelines. 72. Leicester: British Psychological Society. pp. 303–307. ISBN 978-1-85433-471-8. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016 – via NCBI Bookshelf.
  29. ↑ Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines.
  30. ↑ Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (24 June 2015).
  31. ↑ Wolraich, ML (October 2019). "Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents.". Pediatrics 144 (4): e20192528. DOI:10.1542/peds.2019-2528. PMID 31570648.
  32. ↑ (May 2018) "Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents - assessment of adverse events in non-randomised studies". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5: CD012069. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012069.pub2. PMID 29744873.
  33. ↑ NIMH » The Multimodal Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Study (MTA):Questions and Answers. “Why were the MTA medication treatments more effective than community treatments that also usually included medication? Answer: There were substantial differences in quality and intensity between the study-provided medication treatments and those provided in the community care group.”
  34. ↑ National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2009). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children, Young People and Adults. NICE Clinical Guidelines. 72. Leicester: British Psychological Society. ISBN 978-1-85433-471-8. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016 – via NCBI Bookshelf.
  35. ↑ (July 2011) "Long-term outcomes with medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: current status of knowledge". CNS Drugs 25 (7): 539–54. DOI:10.2165/11589380-000000000-00000. PMID 21699268.
  36. ↑ (February 2015) "Effect of treatment modality on long-term outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review". PLOS ONE 10 (2): e0116407. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0116407. PMID 25714373.
  37. ↑ (September 2013) "The long-term outcomes of interventions for the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials". Psychology Research and Behavior Management 6: 87–99. DOI:10.2147/PRBM.S49114. PMID 24082796. “Results suggest there is moderate-to-high-level evidence that combined pharmacological and behavioral interventions, and pharmacological interventions alone can be effective in managing the core ADHD symptoms and academic performance at 14 months. However, the effect size may decrease beyond this period. ... Only one paper examining outcomes beyond 36 months met the review criteria. ... There is high level evidence suggesting that pharmacological treatment can have a major beneficial effect on the core symptoms of ADHD (hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity) in approximately 80% of cases compared with placebo controls, in the short term.22”
  38. ↑ (2009) "Efficacy and safety limitations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy in children and adults". CNS Drugs 23 Suppl 1: 21–31. DOI:10.2165/00023210-200923000-00004. PMID 19621975.
  39. ↑ (December 2010) "The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders 2 (4): 241–55. DOI:10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8. PMID 21258430.
  40. ↑ Parrillo VN (2008). Encyclopedia of Social Problems. SAGE. p. 63. ISBN 9781412941655. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  41. ↑ (2008) "ADHD and the rise in stimulant use among children". Harvard Review of Psychiatry 16 (3): 151–66. DOI:10.1080/10673220802167782. PMID 18569037.
  42. ↑ (August 2004) "When the child with ADHD grows up". Australian Family Physician 33 (8): 615–8. PMID 15373378.
  43. ↑ Silver LB (2004). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (3rd ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 4–7. ISBN 978-1-58562-131-6.
  44. ↑ (April 2006) "Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: complexities and controversies". Current Opinion in Pediatrics 18 (2): 189–95. DOI:10.1097/01.mop.0000193302.70882.70. PMID 16601502.
  45. ↑ Weiss, Lawrence G. (2005). WISC-IV clinical use and interpretation scientist-practitioner perspectives (1st ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-12-564931-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  46. ↑ "ADHD: The Diagnostic Criteria". Frontline. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/medicating/adhd/diagnostic.html.
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