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Victoria Falls

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Victoria Falls (Lozi: Mosi-oa-Tunya, "Thundering Smoke"; Tonga: Shungu Namutitima, "Boiling Water") di nyɛla waterfall din be Zambezi mɔɣili ni, n-be Zambia mini Zimbabwe tingbana sunsuuni. [1] Di nyɛla din nyɛ dunia yaangi zuɣu waterfalls din bari pam puuni , din yɛlinŋ paagi 1,708 m (5,604 ft).

Panorama of the Victoria Falls

Gorges

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Formation

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Victoria Falls National Park marker

History

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Satellite image showing the broad Zambezi falling into the narrow cleft and subsequent series of zigzagging gorges (top of picture is north).
Victoria Falls' Second Gorge (with bridge) and Third Gorge (right). The peninsular cliffs are in Zambia, the outer cliffs in Zimbabwe. The cliffs are composed of Batoka Formation basalt flows. The breaks in slope with vegetation are brecciated amygdaloidal basalt zones separating six successive and massive lava flows with distinct vertical jointing.[2][3]: Tɛmplet:R/where 

Natural environment

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Two white rhinos at Mosi-oa-Tunya national park in May 2005. They are not indigenous, but were imported from South Africa.

Statistics

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"The Smoke that Thunders", rainy season, 1972 ... and dry season, September 2003
Size and flow rate of Victoria Falls with Niagara and Iguazu for comparison
Parameters Victoria Falls Niagara Falls Iguazu Falls
Height in meters and feet:[4] 108 m 360 ft 51 m 167 ft 64–82 m 210–269 ft
Width in meters and feet:[4] 1,708 m5,604 ft1,203 m3,947 ft2,700 m8,858 ft
Flow rate units (vol/s): m3/scu ft/sm3/scu ft/sm3/scu ft/s
Mean annual flow rate:[4] 1,08838,4302,40785,0001,74661,600
Mean monthly flow – max.:[5] 3,000105,944
Mean monthly flow – min.:[5] 30010,594
Mean monthly flow – 10 yr. max.:[5] 6,000211,888
Highest recorded flow:[4] 12,800452,0006,800240,00045,7001,614,000

Nyami yaha

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Kundivihira

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  1. ↑ Soar Above One of the Most Awe-Inspiring Waterfalls on Earth (en) (19 March 2019).
  2. ↑ Moore, A.; Cotterill, F. (2010). "15". In Migon, P. (ed.). Vicotria Falls: Mosi-oa-Tunya – The Smoke That Thunders, in Geomorphological Landscapes of the World. Springer. p. 147,149. ISBN 978-90-481-3054-2.
  3. ↑ Wellington, John H. (1955). Southern Africa: A Geographical Study. 1. Cambridge: University Press. p. 392.
  4. 1 2 3 4 World Waterfalls & Water Filters for Filtration of Clean Water.
  5. 1 2 3 World Commission on Dams website: Archived 1 Silimin gɔli July 2007 at the Wayback Machine "Case Study – Kariba Dam-Zambezi River Basin" Annex 13 & 14 Victoria Falls Mean Monthly Flows. Website accessed 1 March 2007. This website gives mean monthly flow rates in cubic metres per second (i.e., the total volume of water passing in each calendar month divided by the number of seconds in the month), the standard measure used in hydrology to indicate seasonal variation in flow. A figure of around 9,000 m3/s (318,000 cu ft) is quoted by many websites for Victoria Falls but this is the mean maximum instantaneous rate, which is only achieved for a few days per year. The figure of 536 million m3/minute (18.9 billion cu ft/min) on some websites (e.g. ZNTB) is an error for 536 million litres/minute (equivalent to 9,100 m3/s, 142 million U.S. gallons or 118 million Imperial gallons per min). The '10-year maximum' is the mean of the maximum monthly rate returned in a ten-year period.
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