Yiɣi chaŋ yɛligu maŋamaŋa puuni

UNESCO

Malimi soya nim ŋɔ niŋ
Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
UNESCO
specialized agency of the United Nations, intergovernmental organization
Di pilli ni16 Silimin gɔli November 1945 Mali niŋ
Zuliya wuhibuUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture Mali niŋ
Yu'ŋmaaUNESCO, ONUÉSC, UNESKO Mali niŋ
Binyarsi Suɣubu ShɛiUniversity of Maryland Libraries Mali niŋ
Position held by head of the organizationDirector-General of UNESCO Mali niŋ
DaanboloAudrey Azoulay Mali niŋ
TiŋaFrance Mali niŋ
Tiŋgbaŋ yaɣili calinli48°51′0″N 2°18′22″E Mali niŋ
Nira zaŋtiGlobal Citizen Science Partnership, Global Academic Integrity Network Mali niŋ
Parent organizationTiŋgbana Naŋgban Yini Laxiŋgu Mali niŋ
Child organization/unitUNESCO Chair on Cyberspace and Culture, Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Iranian National Commission for UNESCO, Hylean Amazon Institute Mali niŋ
Fukimsi tiThe Symbolic Globe, World Heritage Centre Mali niŋ
Partnership withUnited Cities and Local Governments, Wapikoni Mobile, International Civil Aviation Organization Mali niŋ
Di duzuɣu sheeParis Mali niŋ
TaɣiInternational Committee on Intellectual Cooperation Mali niŋ
Pin' shɛŋa o ni deePeabody Awards Mali niŋ
Soli daadiresi7, place de Fontenoy 75007 Paris Mali niŋ
Zalisi zaŋ chaŋ tuma polo URLhttps://digital.archives.unesco.org/en Mali niŋ
Operating areaworldwide Mali niŋ
PiniUNESCO/Institut Pasteur Medal Mali niŋ
Has works in the collectionNational Museum of World Cultures, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Amsab - Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis Gent Mali niŋ
Official observer status in organisationWorld Intellectual Property Organization, Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence, International Organization for Migration, United Nations General Assembly Mali niŋ
Charter URLhttps://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000179478 Mali niŋ
Din yuli nyɛUNESCO Mali niŋ
Map

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
AbbreviationUNESCO
Formation16 November 1945; 79 years ago (1945-11-16)
TypeUnited Nations specialized agency
Legal statusActive
HeadquartersParis, France
Director-General
Audrey Azoulay
Deputy Director-General
Xing Qu
Parent organization
United Nations Economic and Social Council
Staff (2022[1])
2,341
Websiteunesco.org

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO /juːˈnɛskoʊ/)[2][lower-alpha 1] nyɛla tuma du'zuɣu be United Nations (UN) ka di niya nyɛla di kpaŋsi dunia suhudoo ni gbubu ka di nyɛla di yɛn naala noli ni tiŋ'duya baŋsim lɛbu polo, baŋsim, tabiibi ni kaya ni taɣada.[3][4] Di mali di mini tingbana din laɣindi tumda din kalinli yiɣisi kɔbigu ni pihiwɔi ni anahi ka naan yi che tingbana pinaayi ban gba pahi,[5]ka naan yi che bɛ mini ʒingama zuɣunima ban laɣindi tumda, gɔmnanti ni timdi shɛba nuu mini ban kuli ʒi bɛ gama zuɣu.[6] Di tuma du'zuɣu be la Paris, France, UNESCO ka mali di kpari bɔɣiri yaɣa pihinu ni ata[7]ni "national commissions" kɔbishii yini ka.[8][9]

UNESCO daa kpala yuuni1945 ka nyɛ din daa di "League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation" fali.[10] UNESCO's kpabu niya, din daa nyɛ World War II ni daa tahi shɛli na, di bɔrila suhudoo kpaŋsibu, lɛbiginsim din za din yaa tooi yuui ni daadama fukumsi ka di nyɛla tingbana n yɛn gbaari shaawara taba sunsuuni.[11] Di kpuɣirila lala sochibisi ŋɔ yaɣa dibaa anu polo: shikuru, "natural sciences, social/human sciences", kaya ni taɣada mini lahabaya wuligibu. UNESCO tabiri mi sɔŋdi binshɛŋa din kpaɣisiri shikuru karimbu, tabiibi zaŋ tum tuma baŋsim lɛbu mini shikuru baŋsim lɛbu, tabiibi baŋsim din ti tooni, ka gu pɔhim zuɣu maŋsulinsi mini "press freedom", ka gu ka taɣi kaya ni taɣada taarihi, ka kpaŋsi kaya ni taɣada balibu.[12][13][14] Di lahi nyɛla din tabiri sɔŋdi "World Heritage Sites" din zani ti kaya ni taɣada mini Naawuni nam din pahi pahi.[15]

UNESCO nyɛla "General Conference" din nyɛ din tingbana mini tingbani shɛŋa din tabiri sɔŋdi li, ka di ʒiini laɣingu yuma ayi kam n-gbaari shaawara zaŋ chaŋ bɛ ni yɛn niŋ shɛm mini di laɣ'dibo polo. di lahi piiri di kpamaba, din tabiri sɔŋdi UNESCO tuma, ka piiri "Director-General" yuma anahi kam, ka o nyɛ UNESCO tuma yaɣa zaa kpɛma.

UNESCO yiko mini di noli naabu ni yingbana din pahi nyɛla din pili League of Nations saha Anashaara goli 21 September yuuni 1921, ni di pii kpamba ka lahi baŋ di ni yɛn niŋ shɛm ka kaya ni taɣada ka yɛlimuɣisira, shikuru mini tabiibi nasara dibu.[16][17] Lala yaɣ'palli ŋɔ, International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC), daa kpala yuuni 1922[10] ka kali ninvuɣ'kara kamani Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Robert A. Millikan, ni Gonzague de Reynold m pahi bɛ niriba ni (dini n daa nyɛ din pɔri League of Nations din be Western Europe ni[18]). "International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC)" daa nyɛla bɛ ni kpa shɛli Paris din saha Anashaara goli September yuuni 1924, ni di tabiri sɔŋdi ICIC.[19] Amaa, World War II piligu saha daa nyɛla din dam ba daa pili li.[20] Tɛha din nyɛ ʒingamazuɣu dini ŋuna, International Bureau of Education (IBE) daa pilimi ni ʒingama laɣingu din tumdi tiri "international educational development" tum Anashaara goli December yuuni 1925[21] ka daa pahi UNESCO ni yuuni 1969, di ji daa niŋ ka bɛ mini ba laɣi ni tɛhi yini yuuni 1952.[22]

Bɛ ni daa dihi gbana ni ti Atlantic Charter mini Declaration of the United Nations naai, Conference of Allied Ministers of Education (CAME) daa pili laɣingu ʒinibu London ka di daa tuɣi Anashaara goli 16 November yuuni 1942 zaŋ chaŋ Anashaara goli 5 December yuuni 1945. Anashaara goli 30 October yuuni 1943, tingbana nangban yini laɣinsi daa niŋ talahi "Moscow Declaration" ni, ka China, United Kingdom, United States ni USSR daa saɣiti li. Din daa doli di nyaaŋa na n daa nyɛ Dumbarton Oaks Conference niya Anashaara goli 9 October yuuni 1944. Di ni daa niŋ ka CAME tɛha mini United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO) wuhibu kana, din daa niŋ San Francisco bɛ ni din gbaai Anashaara goli April zaŋ chaŋ Anashaara goli June yuuni 1945, United Nations Conference ni di kpa (ECO/CONF) din daa daa niŋ London fbini din gbaai Anashaara goli 1 zaŋ chaŋ 16 November yuuni 1945 ka gɔmnanti pihinahi ji anahi daa be din ni. UNESCO tɛha daa nyɛla Rab Butler, Minister of Education zaŋti United Kingdom ni daa yɛligi shɛli, di n mali sɔŋsi pam zaŋti lɛbiginsim.[23] ECO/CONF ni, UNESCO zalisi daa nyɛla bɛ ni yina ni shɛli, ka di zalisi malizali laɣingu kpabu daa pili.[24] Di daa niŋla bini din gbaai Anashaara goli 16 November yuuni 1945, mini Anashaara goli 4 November yuuni 1946 — dabisi shɛli UNESCO's zalisi ni daa zani talahi.[25]

Tuuli "General Conference" daa niŋla Anashaara goli 19 November zaŋ chaŋ Anashaara goli 10 December yuuni 1946, ka da piigi Julian Huxley ka o niŋ Director-General.[26] "United States Army colonel", university zuɣulana mini ŋun zabiri ninsalisili zuɣu, Blake R. Van Leer gba daa nyɛla ŋun kpe li.[27] Bɛ daa labi teei di zalikpana maa Anashaara goli November yuuni 1954 di ni daa niŋ ka "General Conference" yɛli ni ban be din ni yɛn zanimi ti bɛ tiŋgbana ka leei bɛ tumdi bɛ suhuyurilim.[28] Lala zalisi ŋɔ daa be di ko ka che UNESCO di tuuli ha, ICIC, ni di tingbana ni yɛn tumdi shɛm.[29][30]

Bɛ kpaŋmaŋa shɛli n-nyɛ di bi gaŋ zuliya shɛli.[31]

Yuuni 1955, Republic of South Africa daa yiya ka che UNESCO.[32] Bɛ daa lahi labi kpe din ni yuuni 1994 Nelson Mandela toon-tali ni saha.[33][34]

UNESCO daa pilila bɛ tuma shikuru yaɣili Marbial Valley, Haiti, ka bɛ daa pili li yuuni 1947. Lala dini ŋɔ nyaaŋa, daa pahi yuuni 1949 "mission to Afghanistan" ni.[35] UNESCO daa yɛliya yuuni 1948 ni niŋmi bihi shikuru chandi yoli.[35] World Conference on Education for All, din be Jomtien, Thailand, daa pili dunia laɣinsi yuuni 1990 ni bɛ bhe ka bihi, ninsarinsi ni bikura chaŋ shikuru.[35] Yuuni 2000, World Education Forum, Dakar, Senegal,daa yijna ti kpaŋsi bihi shiikuru yuuni 2015.[35]

World Declaration on Higher Education nyɛla UNESCO's World Conference niya zaŋ chaŋ "Higher Education" Anashaara goli 9 October yuuni 1998.[36]

UNESCO's tuuli tuma zaŋ chaŋ kaya ni taɣada polo n-nyɛ International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia,ka di daa pili yuuni 1960.[37][38][39] Yuuni 1976, World Heritage Committee daa kpaya ka bɛ daa kali li pahi World Heritage List ni yuuni 1978.[40][41][42]

UNESCO daa ʒini tiŋ'duya laɣingu Paris Anashaara goli December yuuni 1951 ka daa kpa European Council for Nuclear Research, ka di zuɣu daa tahi European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)[43] kpabu na, yuuni 1954.[44]

"Arid Zone programming," 1948–1966, lahi nyɛls UNESCO tuuli tumanima puuni yini.[45]

Yuuni 1968, UNESCO gɔmnantinima daa ʒini laɣingu zaŋ chaŋ lɛbiginsim polo.Yuuni 1968 laɣingu ʒinibu niya daa nyɛla UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme.[46][47]

Lahabaya wuligibu yaɣili, "lahabaya wuligibu ni bachinima mini anfooni nima" nyɛla din be UNESCO Zalisi ni, "Second World War".[48][48][49][49] UNESCO daa kplala International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC), bali-bɔbigu yɛlibu laɣingu tingbana sunsuuni.[50] Yuuni 1993, UNESCO's General Conference daa saɣiti Windhoek Declaration pɔhim zuɣu maŋsulinsi ni, ka di zuɣu daa che ka UN General Assembly daa zali dabisi shɛli bɛ ni yɛn pili li, Anashaara goli 3 May, World Press Freedom Day.[51] Tum yuuni 1997, UNESCO tiri la UNESCO / Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize Anashaara goli 3 May kam.[52]

UNESCOdaa deei Palestine pahi bɛ ni yuuni 2011.[53][54]

Zalisi din daa zali United States sahashɛli Palestine ni daa bɔri ni bɛ kpe UNESCO mini WHO Anashaara goli April yuuni 1989.[55][56][57][58][59][60][61] [62] Yuuni 2019, Israel daa yi UNESCO di ni daa kpe din ni yuun pisopɔin yini ka nyaaŋa, Israel "ambassador" tali zaŋ ti UN Danny Danon sabbu: "UNESCO nyɛla din ;labiri sabiri taarihi, ka lahi nyahiri Jewish biɛhigu ni Jerusalem.[63][64] United States daa yɛli bɛ niya zaŋ chaŋ UNESCO labi-kpe ni yuuni 2023, bɛ ni daa yi din ni yuma anu nyaaŋa, ka yɛn yo di "$600 million" farigu labisi.[65] United States nyɛla UNESCO General Conference ni daa saɣiti shɛli Anashaara goli July.[66]

UNESCO offices in Brasília

UNESCO tumdil bɛ tuma yaɣa dibaa anu: shikuru, "natural sciences", "social and human sciences", kaya ni taɣada, ni lahabaya wuligibu ,mini alizama dibu.[67]

UNESCO tabirimi sɔŋdi vihibu-vihibu din nyɛ "comparative education."

UNESCO Chairs, 644 UNESCO kpamba shaawara gbaabu, ka yaɣa din be din ni nyɛ kɔbisiyopɔin ni pisopɔin din yina tingbana kɔbiga ni pihiyɔbu ni anahi ni

  • Environmental Conservation Organization
  • Convention against Discrimination in Education bɛ ni daa piigi shɛli yuuni1960
  • Organization of the International Conference din jendi Adult Education (CONFINTEA) yuun pinaayi sunsuuni
  • Publication of the Education for All Global Monitoring Report
  • Publication of the Four Pillars of Learning seminal document
  • UNESCO ASPNet, tingbana shikuruti din gari 12,000 ka be tingbana kɔbiga ni pihinii ni ayi sunsuuni. [68]
  • UNESCO lahi lɛti salo baŋsim:
    • Seville Statement on Violence:
    • Global Geoparks Network
    • Biosphere reserves, zaŋ gbaai Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB), tum yuuni 1971
    • City of Literature; yuuni 2007, Ŋun daa deei kpamli tuuli n daa nyɛ Edinburgh, Scotland's tuuli "circulating library" biɛhigu shee.[69] Yuuni 2008, Iowa City, Iowa, daa lee City of Literature.[70][71]

Bala din bɔri kpihimbu mini bali-bɔbigu tumanima (UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger)

    • Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
    • Memory of the World International Register, tum yuuni 1997
    • Water resources management, zaŋ chaŋ International Hydrological Programme (IHP), tum yuuni 1965
    • World Heritage Sites
    • World Digital Library
  • Lahabaya wuligi ni anfooninima mini bachinima kpaŋsibu:
  • Sokam yɛltɔɣa wumti kpaŋsibu, [72]ni International Programme for the Development of Communication[73]
    • Lahabali wuligiriba gu ka taɣi,[74] [75]
    • Lahabali gu ka taɣi zali,[76] ni Memory of the World Programme[77] mini Information for All Programme[78]
  • Kaya ni taɣada saɣiti pɔhim zuɣu

Salo sunsuuni biɛhisi saɣiti (I) human Rights-based, (ii) Open, (iii) Accessible to all, ni (iv) Multi-stakeholder participation (ka bɛ ŋmaai li jia R.O.A.M.)[79]

    • Baŋsim deebu kundunima ni kamani "World Trends in Freedom of Expression" mini "Media Development,"[80] "UNESCO Series" din jendi Internet Freedom,[81] mini Media Development Indicators.[82]
  • Binyɛra kpaŋsibu kamani:
    • International Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World: 2001–2010,UN yuuni 1998[83]
    • World Press Freedom Day, 3 May yuuni kam, ni di kpaŋsi "freedom of expression" mini "freedom of the press."[84]
    • Criança Esperança, Brazil.[85]
    • International Literacy Day, 8 September yuuni ka
    • International Year for the Culture of Peace, 2000[86]
    • World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development 21 May yuuni kam
  • Tuma tumbu kamani:
    • Migration Museums Initiative:[87]
    • UNESCO-CEPES, European Centre for Higher Education: din daa kpa yuuni 1972, Bucharest, Romania
    • Free Software Directory: tum yuuni 1998 UNESCO mini Free Software Foundation nyɛla ban laɣim kpa free software.
    • FRESH, Focusing Resources on Effective School Health[88]
    • OANA, Organization of Asia-Pacific News Agencies
    • International Council of Science
    • UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors
    • ASOMPS
    • Botany 2000
    • UNESCO Collection of Representative Works, sabbunima bali-bɔbigu ni lɛbigibu yuuni 1948 zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2005
    • GoUNESCO[89]
    • UNESCO-CHIC BIRUP, UNESCO-CHIC Group (China) Biosphere Rural and Urbanization Programme[90][91]

Niya beni ni bɛ yina ni UNESCO yuya dibaa ayi. tuuli dini maa yɛn kalila kaya ni taɣada. Din yɛn be din ni shɛŋa ni tooi nyɛ Jōmon Venus of Japan, Mona Lisa of France, Gebel el-Arak Knife of Egypt, The Ninth Wave of Russia, Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük of Turkey, David (Michelangelo) of Italy, Mathura Herakles of India, Manunggul Jar of the Philippines, Crown of Baekje of South Korea, The Hay Wain of the United Kingdom mini Benin Bronzes of Nigeria. Yuya din pahi buyi maa yɛn nyɛla binnɛma[92][93]

UNESCO malila biɛhigu ni 322 international non-governmental organizations (NGOs).[94] Di pam n-nyɛ UNESCO ni booni shɛli "operational"; di bela "formal".[95] UNESCO din galisi pam n-nyɛ "formal associate", ni 22 NGOs[96] ni (ASC) biɛhigu ni UNESCO n-nyɛ:

Abbr Organization
IB International Baccalaureate
CCIVS Co-ordinating Committee for International Voluntary Service
CIPSH International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies (Conseil International de Philosophie et des Sciences Humaines; publishes Diogenes)
CIOFF International Council of Organizations of Folklore Festivals and Folk Arts (Conseil International des Organisations de Festivals de Folklore et d'Arts Traditionnels)
EI Education International
IAU International Association of Universities
IFTC International Council for Film, Television and Audiovisual Communication
ICOM International Council of Museums
ICSSPE International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education
ICA International Council on Archives
ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites
IFJ International Federation of Journalists
IFLA International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
IFPA International Federation of Poetry Associations
IMC International Music Council
IPA International Police Association
INSULA International Scientific Council for Island Development
ISC International Science Council (formerly ICSU and ISSC)
ITI International Theatre Institute
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
IUTAO International Union of Technical Associations and Organizations
UIA Union of International Associations
WAN World Association of Newspapers
WFEO World Federation of Engineering Organizations
WFUCA World Federation of UNESCO Clubs, Centres and Associations
UNESCO Institute for Water Education in Delft

Institutes and centres

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Abbr Name Location
IBE International Bureau of Education Geneva[97]
UIL UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning Hamburg[98]
IIEP UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning Paris (headquarters) and Buenos Aires and Dakar (regional offices)[99]
IITE UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education Moscow[100]
IICBA UNESCO International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa Addis Ababa[101]
IESALC UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean Caracas[102]
MGIEP Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development New Delhi[103]
UNESCO-UNEVOC UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training Bonn[104]
ICWRGC International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change Koblenz[105]
IHE IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education Delft[106]
ICTP International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste[107]
UIS UNESCO Institute for Statistics Montreal[108]

UNESCO tirila pina pishi ni ayɔbu[109] shikuru baŋsi ni, "natural sciences, social and human sciences," kaya ni taɣada, lahabaya wuligibu ni suhudoo polo:


  • UNESCO/King Sejong Literacy Prize
  • UNESCO/Confucius Prize for Literacy
  • UNESCO-Japan Prize on Education for Sustainable Development
  • UNESCO Prize for Girls' and Women's Education
  • UNESCO/Hamdan Bin Rashid Al-Maktoum Prize for Outstanding Practice and Performance in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Teachers
  • UNESCO King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa Prize for the Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Education
  • L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science[110][111]
  • UNESCO/Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science
  • UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea International Prize for Research in the Life Sciences
  • Carlos J. Finlay Prize for Microbiology
  • UNESCO/Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation
  • UNESCO-Russia Mendeleev International Prize in the Basic Sciences
  • UNESCO-Al Fozan International Prize for the Promotion of Young Scientists in STEM
  • Michel Batisse Award for Biosphere Reserve Management

Social and Human Sciences

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • UNESCO Avicenna Prize for Ethics in Science
  • UNESCO/Juan Bosch Prize for the Promotion of Social Science Research in Latin America and the Caribbean
  • UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence
  • UNESCO-Sharjah Prize for Arab Culture
  • UNESCO/International José Martí Prize
  • UNESCO-UNAM / Jaime Torres Bodet Prize in social sciences, humanities and arts
  • Melina Mercouri International Prize for the Safeguarding and Management of Cultural Landscapes (UNESCO-Greece)

Communication and Information

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize
  • UNESCO/Emir Jaber al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah Prize to promote Quality Education for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities
  • UNESCO/Jikji Memory of the World Prize
  • Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize
  • International Simón Bolívar Prize (inactive since 2004)
  • UNESCO Prize for Human Rights Education
  • UNESCO/Obiang Nguema Mbasogo International Prize for Research in the Life Sciences (inactive since 2010)
  • UNESCO Prize for the Promotion of the Arts

International Days observed at UNESCO

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

International Days din niŋdi UNESCOn doli ŋɔ na:[112]

Date Name
14 January World Logic Day
24 January World Day for African and Afrodescendant Culture[113]
24 January International Day of Education
25 January International Day of Women in Multilateralism[114]
27 January International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
11 February International Day of Women and Girls in Science
13 February World Radio Day
21 February International Mother Language Day
4 March UNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development
8 March International Women's Day
14 March International Day of Mathematics
20 March International Francophonie Day
21 March International Day of Nowruz
21 March World Poetry Day
21 March International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
22 March World Water Day
5 April International Day of Conscience
6 April International Day of Sport for Development and Peace
15 April World Art Day
23 April World Book and Copyright Day
30 April International Jazz Day
3 May World Press Freedom Day
5 May African World Heritage Day
5 May World Portuguese Language Day
16 May International Day of Light
21 May World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development
22 May International Day for Biological Diversity
5 June World Environment Day
8 June World Oceans Day
17 June World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
7 July Kiswahili Language Day
18 July Nelson Mandela International Day
26 July International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem
9 August International Day of the World's Indigenous People
12 August International Youth Day
23 August International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition
8 September International Literacy Day
9 September International Day to Protect Education from Attack
15 September International Day of Democracy
20 September International Day for University Sport
21 September International Day of Peace
28 September International Day for the Universal Access to Information
5 October World Teachers' Day
6 October International Geodiversity Day[115]
11 October International Day of the Girl Child
13 October International Day for Disaster Reduction
17 October International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
24 October United Nations Day
27 October World Day for Audiovisual Heritage
2 November International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists[116]
3 November International Day for Biosphere Reserves[117]
First Thursday of November International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying[118]
5 November World Day of Romani Language
5 November World Tsunami Awareness Day
10 November World Science Day for Peace and Development
14 November International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property[119]
Third Thursday of November World Philosophy Day
16 November International Day for Tolerance
18 November International International Day of Islamic Art[120]
25 November International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
26 November World Olive Tree Day[121]
29 November International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People
1 December World AIDS Day
2 December World Futures Day[122]
3 December International Day of Persons with Disabilities
10 December Human Rights Day
18 December International Migrants Day
18 December World Arabic Language Day


Tingbana din be din ni

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  UNESCO member states
  UNESCO member state dependent territory with separate NOC
  UNESCO associates
  UNESCO observers

Zaŋ kana Anshaara goli July yuuni 2003, UNESCO daa malila tingbana kɔbigu ni piwɔi ni anahi nin ban pahi pinaayi.[123] Shɛba bi ʒi bɛ gama zuɣu ka shɛba mi lahi be National Organizing Committees din be tingbana ban ʒi bɛ gama zuɣu ni.[124] UNESCO ni naai noya ni shɛba n-nyɛ United Nations member states (gbaa yihi Israel[125] mini Liechtenstein), ni Cook Islands, Niue mini Palestine.[126][127] United States mini Israel yila UNESCO Anashaara goli 31 December yuuni 2018,[128][129]amaa United States daa labi kpe yuuni 2023.[65][66]

Zaŋ kana Anashaara goli June yuuni 2023 11 Directors-General n zani ti UNESCO tum di ni kpa – dobba awɔi ni paɣaba ayi. 11 Directors-General zaŋti UNESCO yila yaɣa ayɔbu na: West Europe (5), Central America (1), North America (2), West Africa (1), East Asia (1), ni East Europe (1).

Zaŋ kana zuŋɔ, bɛ bi piigi Director-General yaɣa pia din pahi be UNESCO maa ni: Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central ni North Asia, Middle East, North Africa, East Africa, Central Africa, South Africa, Australia-Oceania, ni South America.

Directors-General zaŋti UNESCO tum di kpabu ni yuuni 1946 n doli ŋɔ na:[130]

Directors-General of UNESCO
Order Image Name Country Term
1st Julian Huxley  United Kingdom 1946–1948
2nd Jaime Torres Bodet  Mexico 1948–1952
– John Wilkinson Taylor  United States acting 1952–1953
3rd Luther Evans  United States 1953–1958
4th Vittorino Veronese  Italy 1958–1961
5th René Maheu  France acting 1961; 1961–1974
6th Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow  Senegal 1974–1987
7th Federico Mayor Zaragoza  Spain 1987–1999
8th Koïchiro Matsuura  Japan 1999–2009
9th Irina Bokova  Bulgaria 2009–2017
10th Audrey Azoulay  France 2017–Incumbent

UNESCO General Conference din ʒini tum yuuni 1946:[131]

Session Location Year Chaired by from
1st Paris 1946 Léon Blum  France
2nd Mexico City 1947 Manuel Gual Vidal  Mexico
3rd Beirut 1948 Hamid Bey Frangie Tɛmplet:Country data LBN
1st extraordinary Paris 1948
4th Paris 1949 Edward Ronald Walker  Australia
5th Florence 1950 Stefano Jacini  Italy
6th Paris 1951 Howland H. Sargeant  United States
7th Paris 1952 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan  India
2nd extraordinary Paris 1953
8th Montevideo 1954 Justino Zavala Muniz Tɛmplet:Country data URY
9th New Delhi 1956 Abul Kalam Azad  India
10th Paris 1958 Jean Berthoin  France
11th Paris 1960 Akale-Work Abte-Wold  Ethiopia
12th Paris 1962 Paulo de Berrêdo Carneiro  Brazil
13th Paris 1964 Norair Sisakian  Soviet Union
14th Paris 1966 Bedrettin Tuncel  Turkey
15th Paris 1968 William Eteki Mboumoua  Cameroon
16th Paris 1970 Atilio Dell'Oro Maini  Argentina
17th Paris 1972 Toru Haguiwara  Japan
3rd extraordinary Paris 1973
18th Paris 1974 Magda Jóború  Hungary
19th Nairobi 1976 Taaita Toweett  Kenya
20th Paris 1978 Napoléon LeBlanc Tɛmplet:Country data CAN
21st Belgrade 1980 Ivo Margan  Yugoslavia
4th extraordinary Paris 1982
22nd Paris 1983 Saïd Tell  Jordan
23rd Sofia 1985 Nikolai Todorov Tɛmplet:Country data BGR
24th Paris 1987 Guillermo Putzeys Alvarez  Guatemala
25th Paris 1989 Anwar Ibrahim Tɛmplet:Country data MYS
26th Paris 1991 Bethwell Allan Ogot  Kenya
27th Paris 1993 Ahmed Saleh Sayyad Tɛmplet:Country data YEM
28th Paris 1995 Torben Krogh  Denmark
29th Paris 1997 Eduardo Portella  Brazil
30th Paris 1999 Jaroslava Moserová  Czech Republic
31st Paris 2001 Ahmad Jalali Tɛmplet:Country data IRN
32nd Paris 2003 Michael Omolewa  Nigeria
33rd Paris 2005 Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan Tɛmplet:Country data OMN
34th Paris 2007 Georgios Anastassopoulos Tɛmplet:Country data GRC
35th Paris 2009 Davidson Hepburn Tɛmplet:Country data BHS
36th Paris 2011 Katalin Bogyay  Hungary
37th[132] Paris 2013 Hao Ping  China
38th Paris 2015 Stanley Mutumba Simataa[133] Tɛmplet:Country data Namibia
39th Paris 2017 Zohour Alaoui[134]  Morocco
40th Paris 2019 Ahmet Altay Cengizer[135]  Turkey
41st[136] Paris 2021 Santiago Irazabal Mourão  Brazil
42nd[137] Paris 2023 Simona Miculescu  Romania
Term Group I

(9 seats)

 Group II

(7 seats)

 Group III

(10 seats)

 Group IV

(12 seats)

 Group V(a)

(13 seats)

 Group V(b)

(7 seats)

2017–

2021

 Tɛmplet:Country data Finland

 Portugal

 Turkey

  Albania

Tɛmplet:Country data Belarus

 Bulgaria

  Cuba

Tɛmplet:Country data Grenada

Tɛmplet:Country data Jamaica

Tɛmplet:Country data Saint Lucia

Tɛmplet:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

 Venezuela

Tɛmplet:Country data Bangladesh
 China
 India
 Indonesia
 Japan
 Philippines

 Tɛmplet:Country data Burundi

Tɛmplet:Country data Equatorial Guinea

 Ethiopia

Tɛmplet:Country data Madagascar

Tɛmplet:Country data Zambia

 Zimbabwe

  Egypt

Tɛmplet:Country data Jordan

 Morocco

2019–2023[138]  France

 Germany

 Italy

 Netherlands

 Spain

 Switzerland

  Hungary

 Poland

Tɛmplet:Country data Russia

 Serbia

  Argentina

 Brazil

 Dominican Republic

 Uruguay

 Afghanistan
Tɛmplet:Country data Kyrgyzstan
 Philippines


Tɛmplet:Country data Pakistan
Tɛmplet:Country data Republic of Korea
Tɛmplet:Country data Thailand

  Benin

Tɛmplet:Country data Congo

 Guinea

 Ghana

 Kenya

Tɛmplet:Country data Namibia

 Senegal

Tɛmplet:Country data Togo

 Tɛmplet:Country data Saudi Arabia

 UAE

 Tunisia

2021–2025[139]  Austria

Tɛmplet:Country data Iceland

 Turkey

  Armenia

 Azerbaijan

 Lithuania

  Chile

Tɛmplet:Country data Grenada

Tɛmplet:Country data Haiti

 Mexico

 Paraguay

Tɛmplet:Country data Saint Lucia

 China
Tɛmplet:Country data Cook Islands
 India
 Japan
 Philippines


 Vietnam

  Angola

Tɛmplet:Country data Botswana

Tɛmplet:Country data Congo

Tɛmplet:Country data Djibouti

 South Africa

Tɛmplet:Country data Tanzania

  Egypt

Tɛmplet:Country data Jordan

Tɛmplet:Country data Kuwait

2023–2027[140]  France

 Germany

 Italy

 Spain

 United Kingdom

 United States

  Albania

 Czech Republic

 Serbia

Tɛmplet:Country data Slovakia

  Argentina

 Brazil

 Cuba

 Dominican Republic

  Australia

Tɛmplet:Country data Bangladesh

 Indonesia

Tɛmplet:Country data Pakistan

Tɛmplet:Country data Republic of Korea

Tɛmplet:Country data Sri Lanka

 Tɛmplet:Country data Burkina Faso

 Côte d'Ivoire

Tɛmplet:Country data Gabon

 Liberia

Tɛmplet:Country data Mauritius

 Mozambique

 Nigeria

  Iraq

 Oman

Tɛmplet:Country data Qatar

Tɛmplet:Country data Saudi Arabia

Offices and headquarters

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
The Garden of Peace at UNESCO headquarters

UNESCO tiuma du'zuɣu bela Place de Fontenoy din be Paris, France. Tanmɛriba pam n daa laɣim mɛ li, ban nima n-nyɛBernard Zehrfuss, Marcel Breuer ni Luigi Nervi.[141]Di shɛli n-nyɛ Garden of Peace din nyɛ Government of Japan ni daa ti shɛli.[142] American-Japanese yaɣ'mɛra Isamu Noguchi n daa dizaani li yuuni 1958 ka Japan nira, Toemon Sano daa bahi naai li. Yuuma 1994–1995, UNESCO yuun pihinu chuɣu puhibu ni, Tadao Ando daa mɛ du'shɛli.[143]


Field offices by region

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

UNESCO Field Offices din doli ŋɔ na zaa nyɛla UNESCO ni bo shɛŋa zali tingbana yaɣa ka UNESCO lahi boi niriba ka bɛ tumdi di yini kam ni.[144]

Europe and North America

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • Brussels – Liaison Office to the European Union and its subsidiary bodies in Brussels
  • Geneva – Liaison Office to the United Nations in Geneva
  • New York City – Liaison Office to the United Nations in New York
  • Venice – Regional Bureau for Sciences and Culture in Europe

Latin America and the Caribbean

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Carondelet Palace, Presidential Palace – with changing of the guards. The Historic Center of Quito, Ecuador, is one of the largest, least-altered and best-preserved historic centres in the Americas.[145] This centre was, together with the historic centre of Kraków in Poland, the first to be declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO on 18 September 1978.

Partner organizations

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
  • Blue Shield International (BSI)
  • International Council of Museums (ICOM)
  • International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)
  • International Institute of Humanitarian Law (IIHL)

New World Information and Communication Order

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

UNESCO nyɛla yɛl'gɔla ni paai shɛba saha din gari, di bahi bahindi bɛ biɛhigu ni United States, United Kingdom, Singapore ni Soviet Union. 1970s mini 1980s saha, UNESCO's sɔŋsim zaŋti "New World Information and Communication Order" mini di MacBride report daa ti bɔri ni di mɔŋla "freedom of the press" zaŋm chaŋ lahabaya wuligibu polo.[148] Yuuni 1984, United States daa che bɛ tɔhibu laɣingu maa ni ka daa yi din ni, ka United Kingdom daa doli yuuni 1985.[149] Singapore gba daa yiya yuuni 1985 naabu ni, ka bɛ daliri daa nyɛla farigu ni pahi zuɣu.[150]Bɛ ni daa taɣi gɔmnanti yuuni 1997 UK daa labi kpe. United States daa labi kpe yuuni 2003, ka Singapore daa doli Anashaara goli 8 October yuuni 2007.[151]

UNESCO nyɛla bɛ ni gali shɛba ka di nyɛla ni People's Republic of China zaŋ ba mi ka bɛ zaani tiri Chinese Communist Party tɔhibu ni "ethnic minorities in China" kamani Uyghurs mini Tibetans.[152][153][154]

Israel nyɛla UNESCO ni daa deei shɛba yuuni 1949, din nambu yuun yini nyaaŋa. Israel kuli nyɛla ban be din ni tum din saha. Yuuni 2010, Israel daa dizaani Cave of the Patriarchs din be Hebron mini Rachel's Tomb din be Bethlehem –din zaa be West Bank – ka nyɛ National Heritage Sites.[155] Aanshaara goli October yuuni 2010, UNESCO's daa vooti ya ni bɛ moli "al-Haram al-Ibrahimi/Tomb of the Patriarchs" mini "Bilal bin Rabah Mosque/Rachel's Tomb" ka daa yɛli ni bɛ pahila " occupied Palestinian Territories" ni.[156] UNESCO buɣisili mi ka di zani ti "Muslinima, Dolodolo ni Jewish nima kaya ni taɣada".[157][158] Rabbi of the Western Wall yɛliya ni Rachel's tomb pa bɛ ni zaŋ shɛli leei Muslinima syaɣili.[159][160][161]

Anashaara goli 28 June yuuni 2011, UNESCO's World Heritage Committee, din be Jordan's insistence, daa labi mɛ Mughrabi Gate Bridge din be Jerusalem. Israel daa yɛliya ni Jordan gbaala shaawara ni Israel ka di nyɛla bɛ wurim di kodoriko ka gu ka taɣi sarati; Jordan daa bɛ saɣiti li. Israel gba daa bi tooi mali NESCO committee ni zaɣisibu shɛli Egypt gba ni daa zaŋ na.[162]

Anashaara goli January yuuni 2014, pɔi ka bɛ daa zali di yoobu dabisa, UNESCO Director-General, Irina Bokova, "daa tirisi li tooni din ka dali" ka daa nyahi ibushee din daa nyɛ Simon Wiesenthal Centre ni daa niŋ shɛli ka di sabi "The People, The Book, The Land: The 3,500-year relationship between the Jewish people and the Land of Israel". [163] [164]

Anashaara goli 1 January yuuni 2019, Israel daa yiya ka che UNESCO.[165]

Occupied Palestine Resolution

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Anashaara goli 13 October yuuni 2016, UNESCO daa zali zaligu ti East Jerusalem dinm galindi Israel ni "girigiri" niŋbu Israeli pirinsi ni linjimanima sunsuuni.[166][166][167] Israeli soiyaasanima pam ni daa galim ba naai nyaaŋa, n-ti tabili Benjamin Netanyahu mini Ayelet Shaked, Israel daa kahi bɛ ŋmangura ka che laɣingu maa.[168][169] [170] Czech jintɔri duu gba daa zaɣisili ka yɛli ni gbaabu maa nyɛla "hateful anti-Israel sentiment".[171][171] Anashaara goli 26 October, UNESCO daa labi teei bɛ gbaabu maa.[172][173][174]

Anashaara goli October yuuni 2017, United States mini Israel daa yɛliya ni bɛ ni yi laɣingu maa ni.[175][176]

Palestinian youth magazine controversy

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Anashaara goli February yuuni 2011, lahabali daa yina "Palestinian youth magazine" ni ka bipuɣinbili daa buɣisi o ni lihiri ni o sa be ka so soha-biɛɣu ni, Adolf Hitler. Anashaara goli December yuuni 2011, UNESCO, ban daa tabiri sɔŋdi lala lahabali wuligibu yaɣili ŋɔ daa galim lalal lahabali maa ka daa yihi bɛ nuu bɛ sɔŋbu ni.[177]

Islamic University of Gaza controversy

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Yuuni 2012, UNESCO daa gkpuɣi niya ni bɛ pii daanbalo Islamic University of Gaza ka o zani ti "astronomy, astrophysics," ni "space sciences",[178] ka di daa tahi galimbi ni yɛl'gola na.[179][180]

Di kpɛma, Kamalain Shaath, daa pahi UNESCO zuɣu, ka yari ni "the Islamic University nyɛla shikuru din nyɛ baŋsim yɛligibu ni lɛbiginsim dini".[181][182][183] Israeli "ambassador" zaŋti UNESCO Nimrod Barkan daa kpuɣi niya ni bɛ sabi washiika ti Hamas zaŋ chaŋ shikuru ŋɔ yɛltɔƔa polo, di bahi bahindi bɛ suhuri ni yiɣisi ka di nyɛla dini n-nyɛ Palestinian university tuuli ka UNESCO pii ni bɛ laɣim tum.[184] Jewish laɣingu B'nai B'rith gba daa galim li.[185]

Listing Nanjing Massacre documents

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Yuuni 2015, Japan da ti varisigu ni UNESCO ni daa mali niya ni bɛ pahi 1937 Nanjing massacre bɛ ni yɛn ti kali binshɛŋa pahi "Memory of the World" ni.[186][187]

United States yila UNESCO yuuni 1984.[188][188]

Anashaara goli 12 October yuuni 2017, United States daa ti UNESCO lahabali ni bɛ ni labi yi laɣingu maa ni, Anashaara goli 31 December yuuni 2018; Israel gba daa kpuɣi lala napɔŋ.[189][175]

United States bɛ yo kamani $600 million farigu[190] tum di ni che di $80 million yɔbu yuuni-yuuni UNESCO farigu di ni daa niŋ ka Palestine daa kpe din ni zaa yuuni 2011. Israel mini United States daa pahila ninvuɣ'pinaanahi ban daa zaɣisirili ni tingnana kɔbigu ni pihiwɔi ni anahi puuni.[191] di ni daa niŋ ka United States daa moli ni bɛ ni lahi labi kpe yuuni 2023, ka bɛ daa ʒiya ni bɛ ni yo farigu din doli ba zaa.[65]

Kurdish–Turkish conflict

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Anashaara goli 25 May yuuni 2016, Turkish yɛltɔɣataɣamalisi niŋda Zülfü Livaneli daa wuɣi nuu ka Turkey UNESCO "goodwill ambassador" tali.[192]

Campaigns against illicit art trading

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Yuuni 2020 UNESCO daa yɛliya ni bɛ ni kuri ariziki shɛli niŋdi kaya ni taɣada ni paai 10 billion dollars yuuni zuɣu ni.[193][194]

Products and services

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • UNESDOC Database[195] – di mali UNESCO gban gari 146,000 ka bɛ yihili polotum yuuni 1945 n-ti pahi "metadata" din yina UNESCO Library mini luɣa din pahi pahi.

Information processing tools

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

UNESCO daa yina ni binshɛŋa din yɛn tabiri sɔŋdi "database management" (CDS/ISIS (IDAMS).[196]

  • Academic mobility network
  • League of Nations archives
  • UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
  • UNESCO Reclining Figure 1957–58, sculpture by Henry Moore
  • UniRef
  • National Commissions for UNESCO
  • International Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport
  1. ↑ PERSONNEL BY ORGANIZATION | United Nations - CEB.
  2. ↑ UNESCO.
  3. ↑ Introducing UNESCO. UNESCO.
  4. ↑ UNESCO history. UNESCO.
  5. ↑ List of UNESCO members and associates. UNESCO.
  6. ↑ Partnerships (en) (25 June 2013).
  7. ↑ Field offices (en).
  8. ↑ National Commissions (en) (28 September 2012).
  9. ↑ About UNESCO Office for the Pacific States (en) (1 August 2019).
  10. 1 2 Grandjean, Martin (2018). Les réseaux de la coopération intellectuelle. La Société des Nations comme actrice des échanges scientifiques et culturels dans l'entre-deux-guerres [The Networks of Intellectual Cooperation. The League of Nations as an Actor of the Scientific and Cultural Exchanges in the Inter-War Period]. Lausanne: Université de Lausanne. Archived from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2019. (English summary Archived 22 Silimin gɔli March 2019 at the Wayback Machine).
  11. ↑ UNESCO. General Conference, 39th, 2017 [892].
  12. ↑ MOFA: Project list of The UNESCO Japanese Funds-in-Trust for the Capacity-building of Human Resources.
  13. ↑ Sponsors.
  14. ↑ Sponsors and Contributors.
  15. ↑ UNESCO • General Conference; 34th; Medium-term Strategy, 2008–2013; 2007.
  16. ↑ Plenary Meetings, Records of the Second Assembly, Geneva: League of Nations, 5 September – 5 October 1921
  17. ↑ A Chronology of UNESCO: 1945–1987 (PDF), UNESDOC database, Paris, December 1987, LAD.85/WS/4 Rev, archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2011, retrieved 13 December 2010, The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC) was created on 4 January 1922, as a consultative organ composed of individuals elected based on their personal qualifications..
  18. ↑ Grandjean, Martin (2020). "A Representative Organization? Ibero-American Networks in the Committee on Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations (1922–1939)". Cultural Organizations, Networks and Mediators in Contemporary Ibero-America: 65–89. DOI:10.4324/9780429299407-4.
  19. ↑ International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation, United Nations library resources, 1930, archived from the original on 19 August 2021, retrieved 27 March 2021
  20. ↑ Hamen, Susan E; Wilson, Theodore A (2014). The Great Depression and World War II : 1929–1945. ABDO Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-62403-178-6. OCLC 870724668.
  21. ↑ UNESCO 1987.
  22. ↑ IBE — Digital Collections — IBE History, 1925-1969 (en-GB).
  23. ↑ The work of U.N.E.S.C.O. (Hansard, 26 January 1949) Archived 19 Silimin gɔli October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Millbank systems. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  24. ↑ United Nations Conference for the Establishment of an Educational and Cultural Organisation. Conference for the Establishment of an Educational and Cultural Organisation (1–16 November 1945).
  25. ↑ Unesco 1945.
  26. ↑ General Conference, First Session (PDF). UNESDOC database. UNESCO House, Paris: UNESCO. 1947. Item 14, p. 73. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  27. ↑ Summary Minutes of Meetings 1956. United States National Commission for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 1956. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  28. ↑ Records of the General Conference, Eighth Session.
  29. ↑ "Peacekeeping in the Cold War/Post-Cold War", United Nations Peacekeeping in the Post-Cold War Era, Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis, pp. 23–45, 2005, doi:10.4324/9780203307434_chapter_2, ISBN 978-0-203-30743-4, archived from the original on 12 March 2021, retrieved 17 September 2020
  30. ↑ Schmidt, Christopher. (2010). Into the heart of darkness : cosmopolitanism vs. realism and the Democratic Republic of Congo. OCLC 650842164. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  31. ↑ Stoczkowski, Wiktor (2008). "Claude Lévi-Strauss and UNESCO". The UNESCO Courier. No. 5. Paris, France: UNESCO. ISSN 1993-8616. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  32. ↑ Apartheid: its effects on education, science, culture and information. UNESCO (1967).
  33. ↑ Thompson, Leonard Monteath (January 2001). A history of South Africa (Third ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12806-2. OCLC 560542020.
  34. ↑ Nygren, Thomas (2016), "UNESCO Teaches History: Implementing International Understanding in Sweden", A History of UNESCO, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 201–230, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-58120-4_11, ISBN 978-1-349-84528-6, archived from the original on 9 February 2022, retrieved 17 September 2020
  35. 1 2 3 4 UNESCO at 74: An overview of its laudable progress.
  36. ↑ World Declaration On Higher Education For The Twenty-First Century: Vision And Action. UNESCO (1998-10-09).
  37. ↑ Monuments of Nubia-International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia. UNESCO.
  38. ↑ Nagaoka, Masanori (2016). Cultural landscape management at Borobudur, Indonesia. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-42046-2. OCLC 957437019.
  39. ↑ The World Heritage Convention. UNESCO.
  40. ↑ 41st Session of the World Heritage Committee. The City of Krakow (18 August 2017).
  41. ↑ Text of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. UNESCO.
  42. ↑ Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. UNESCO.
  43. ↑ About CERN. CERN.
  44. ↑ (25 November 2020) "UNESCO must reform to stay relevant – and reconnect people through science". Nature 587 (7835): 521–522. DOI:10.1038/d41586-020-03311-3. PMID 33239811.
  45. ↑ UNESCO in the Making. UNESCO (2019).
  46. ↑ (1970) "Use and conservation of the biosphere: Proceedings of the intergovernmental conference of experts on the scientific basis for rational use and conservation of the resources of the biosphere, Paris, 4–13 September 1968". Natural Resources Research X.
  47. ↑ Finnemore, Martha (1996). National Interests in International Society. Cornell University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-8014-8323-3. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctt1rv61rh. Archived from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  48. 1 2 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: Seeds of Peace, Weeds of War (en-US).
  49. 1 2 Wouters, Jan; Vidal, Maarten (29 June 1905). "UNESCO and the promotion of cultural exchange and cultural diversity". Normative Action in Education, Science and Culture – Essays in Commemoration of the Sixtieth Anniversary of UNESCO. Standard-Setting in UNESCO. 1. UNESCO Publishing. pp. 147–169. ISBN 978-92-3-104067-2. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  50. ↑ International Programme for the Development of Communication – About. UNESCO.
  51. ↑ World Press Freedom Day. United Nations.
  52. ↑ What is UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize?.
  53. ↑ General Conference admits Palestine as UNESCO Member (31 October 2011).
  54. ↑ Blomfield, Adrian (31 October 2011). "US withdraws Unesco funding after it accepts Palestinian membership". The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/8860951/US-withdraws-Unesco-funding-after-it-accepts-Palestinian-membership.html.
  55. ↑ Shadi Sakran (26 November 2019). The Legal Consequences of Limited Statehood: Palestine in Multilateral Frameworks. Taylor & Francis. pp. 64–. ISBN 978-1-00-076357-7. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  56. ↑ Request for the admission of the State of Palestine to UNESCO as a Member State Archived 13 Silimin gɔli April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, UNESCO Executive Board, 131st, 1989
  57. ↑ The laws originated in Tɛmplet:USBill and Tɛmplet:USBill; for further details, see committee discussions at: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations (1989). The PLO's Efforts to Obtain Statehood Status at the World Health Organization and Other International Organizations: Hearing and Markup Before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, First Session, on H.R. 2145, May 4, 1989. U.S. Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.. The texts of the House and Senate resolutions were subsequently put into the following laws: Tɛmplet:USBill (which produced Tɛmplet:USPL), Tɛmplet:USBill, Tɛmplet:USBill and finally Tɛmplet:USBill (which produced Tɛmplet:USPL). See also: Beattie, Kirk (3 May 2016). Congress and the Shaping of the Middle East. Seven Stories Press. p. 287 online. ISBN 978-1-60980-562-3. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020. ...1989 Senate and House efforts like... Senate Resolution 875 and House Resolution 2145, both of which contained language similar to that found in the public laws of 1990 and 1994. Sen. Robert Kasten, Jr. (R-WI) was the primary sponsor of S 875, and Rep. Tom Lantos sponsored HR 2145. In a nutshell, recognition by any UN body of the Palestinians' right to statehood or its achievement of statehood status would trigger a suspension of US funding to the "offending" UN body under these laws.
  58. ↑ "U.S. stops UNESCO funding over Palestinian vote". Reuters. 31 October 2011. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-unesco-usa-funding/u-s-stops-unesco-funding-over-palestinian-vote-idUSTRE79U5ED20111031.
  59. ↑ Erlanger, Steven; Sayare, Scott (31 October 2011). "Unesco Approves Full Membership for Palestinians". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/world/middleeast/unesco-approves-full-membership-for-palestinians.html.
  60. ↑ "After UNESCO vote, Israeli sanctions on Palestinian Authority anger U.S.". Haaretz. 4 November 2011. http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/after-unesco-vote-israeli-sanctions-on-palestinian-authority-anger-u-s-1.393600.
  61. ↑ "Israel freezes UNESCO funds". CNN. 3 December 2011. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-11-03/middleeast/world_meast_israel-unesco_1_unesco-palestinian-bid-palestinian-state?_s=PM:MIDDLEEAST.
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  64. ↑ Russia not elected to UNESCO Executive Board for the first time (15 November 2023).
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  77. ↑ Memory of the World.
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  90. ↑ , UNESCO-CHIC Biosphere Integrated Rural Urbanization Project (BIRUP).
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  105. ↑ The International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change (ICWRGC).
  106. ↑ Home. UNESCO.
  107. ↑ Mission & History. UNESCO.
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  115. ↑ Home (en).
  116. ↑ International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists.
  117. ↑ International Day for Biosphere Reserves.
  118. ↑ International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying.
  119. ↑ International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property.
  120. ↑ International Day of Islamic Art.
  121. ↑ World Day of the Olive Tree (en-US).
  122. ↑ World Futures Day.
  123. ↑ List of UNESCO members and associates. UNESCO.
  124. ↑ Summary update on Government progress to become a State Party to the UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport. WADA.
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  132. ↑ General Conference 37th.
  133. ↑ President of the 38th session of the General Conference. UNESCO.
  134. ↑ President of the 39th session of the General Conference. UNESCO (5 October 2017).
  135. ↑ UNESCO: President of the 40th session of the General Conference (14 October 201).
  136. ↑ 41st Session of the General Conference – 9–24 November 2021 (1 June 2021).
  137. ↑ Address by Ms Simona Mirela Miculescu (13 November 2023).
  138. ↑ 40th Session of the General Conference – 12–27 November 2019 (en) (16 October 2019).
  139. ↑ Elections (17 November 2021).
  140. ↑ Elections (15 November 2023).
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  142. ↑ UNESCO garden.
  143. ↑ Furuyama, Masao. Ando (Basic Art Series) (en) 71–72.
  144. ↑ List of All UNESCO Field Offices by Region with Descriptions of Member State Coverage. UNESCO.
  145. ↑ City of Quito – UNESCO World Heritage. UNESCO.
  146. ↑ UNESCO Office in Brasilia | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
  147. ↑ Oficina de la UNESCO en Quito | Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura.
  148. ↑ Grahm, S. E. (April 2006). "The (Real)politiks of Culture: U.S. Cultural Diplomacy in UNESCO, 1946–1954". Diplomatic History 30 (2): 231–51. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7709.2006.00548.x.
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  153. ↑ Kashgarian, Asim (16 February 2023). UNESCO Accused of Complicity in China's Treatment of Uyghur Heritage (en).
  154. ↑ Kachmar, Oleh (24 September 2020). Uyghur Heritage and the Charge of Cultural Genocide in Xinjiang (en). Fairfax University of America.
  155. ↑ "Hebron clashes over Israel's West Bank heritage list". BBC News. 26 February 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8538948.stm.
  156. ↑ Executive Board adopts five decisions concerning UNESCO's work in the occupied Palestinian and Arab Territories. UNESCO (21 October 2010).
  157. ↑ "The Two Palestinian sites of Al-Haram Al-Ibrahimi/Tomb of the Patriarchs in Al-Khalil/Hebron and the Bilal Bin Rabah Mosque/Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem". http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001873/187356e.pdf.
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  159. ↑ Maayana Miskin (29 October 2010). UN Org.: Rachel's Tomb is a Mosque. Arutz Sheva.
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  171. 1 2 Czech MPs slam 'hateful' UNESCO Jerusalem resolution.
  172. ↑ "UNESCO approves new Jerusalem resolution". Al Jazeera. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/unesco-approves-anti-israel-resolution-jerusalem-161026173149575.html.
  173. ↑ Beaumont, Peter (26 October 2016). "Unesco adopts controversial resolution on Jerusalem holy sites". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/26/unesco-adopts-controversial-resolution-on-jerusalem-holy-sites-israel.
  174. ↑ "UNESCO resolution on Jerusalem holy sites draws criticism from U.S., Israel". CBC/Radio-Canada. 26 October 2016. http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/unesco-resolution-holy-sites-un-1.3821919.
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  178. ↑ UNESCO Chair in Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Sciences (964), established in 2012 at The Islamic University of Gaza (Palestine).. UNESCO.
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  197. ↑ OpenIDAMS. Unesco.

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