Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom

Abolition of slavery bɛ ni saha yinsi tiŋgbana sunsuuni. Di tooi zooya ka di niŋdi m-doli taba gari yim zuɣu – kamani shɛhira, kamani daba daabiligu karibu tiŋgbani shɛli ni, ni dab'tali karibu tiŋgbana zaa ni. Di zaa daa malila di ni niŋ shɛm mini zalisi din gbubi li.^[1]

Daadaa saha

Medieval times

N.B.: Many of the listed reforms were reversed over succeeding centuries.

Date	Jurisdiction	Description
590–604	Tɛmplet:Country data Rome	Pope Gregory I mɔŋla Jews ka bɛ ku tooi gbubi daba ban be Dolodolo Adiini ni.^[2]
7th century	Francia	Queen Balthild, dab'kurili mini Council of Chalon-sur-Saône (644–655) daa chɔɣim Christians ban nyɛ daba gbahibu. Balthild tooi darila daba Saxon, mini manumits (frees).^[3]
741–752	Tɛmplet:Country data Rome	Pope Zachary bans the sale of Christian slaves to Muslims, purchases all slaves acquired in the city by Venetian slave traders, and sets them free.
840	Carolingian Empire Tɛmplet:Country data Republic of Venice	Pactum Lotharii: Venice pledges to neither buy Christian slaves in the Empire, nor sell them to Muslims. Venetian slave traders switch to trading Slavs from the East (Balkan slave trade).
873	Christendom	Pope John VIII declares the enslavement of fellow Christians a sin and commands their release.^[4]
~900	Byzantine Empire	Emperor Leo VI the Wise prohibits voluntary self-enslavement and commands that such contracts shall be null and void and punishable by flagellation for both parties to the contract.^[5]
956	Goryeo Dynasty (Korea)	Slaves were freed on a large scale in 956 by the Goryeo dynasty.^[6] Gwangjong of Goryeo proclaimed the Slave and Land Act (노비안검법, 奴婢按檢法), an act that "deprived nobles of much of their manpower in the form of slaves and purged the old nobility, the meritorious subjects and their offspring and military lineages in great numbers".^[7]
960	Tɛmplet:Country data Republic of Venice	Slave trade banned in the city under the rule of Doge Pietro IV Candiano (Council of Venice).
1080	Norman England	William the Conqueror prohibits the sale of any person to "heathens" (non-Christians) as slaves.
1100	Normandy	Serfdom no longer present.^[8]
1102	Norman England	The Council of London bans the slave trade: "Let no one dare hereafter to engage in the infamous business, prevalent in England, of selling men like animals."^[9]^[10]
c. 1160	Norway	The Gulating bans the sale of house slaves out of the country.^{[citation needed]}
1171	Tɛmplet:Country data Lordship of Ireland	All English slaves in the island freed by the Council of Armagh.^[10]
1198	France	Trinitarian Order founded with the purpose of redeeming war captives.
1214	Korčula	The Statute of the Town abolishes slavery.^[11]^[12]Tɛmplet:Better source needed
1218	Tɛmplet:Country data Catalonia Aragon	Mercedarians founded in Barcelona with the purpose of ransoming poor Christians enslaved by Muslims.
~1220	Holy Roman Empire	The Sachsenspiegel, the most influential German code of law from the Middle Ages, condemns slavery as a violation of man's likeness to God.^[13]
1245	Tɛmplet:Country data Catalonia Aragon	James I bans Jews from owning Christian slaves, but allows them to own Muslims and pagans.^[14]
1256	Tɛmplet:Country data Bologna	Liber Paradisus promulgated. Slavery and serfdom abolished, all serfs in the commune are released.
1315	France	Louis X publishes a decree abolishing slavery and proclaiming that "France signifies freedom", that any slave setting foot on French ground should be freed.^[15] However some limited cases of slavery continued until the 17th century in some of France's Mediterranean harbours in Provence, as well as until the 18th century in some of France's overseas territories.^[16] Most aspects of serfdom are also eliminated de facto between 1315 and 1318.^[17]
1318	France	King Philip V abolishes serfdom in his domain.^[18]
1335	Sweden	Slavery abolished (including Sweden's territory in Finland). However, slaves are not banned entry into the country until 1813.^[19] Between 1784 and 1847, slavery was practiced in the Swedish-ruled Caribbean island of Saint Barthélemy. Sweden never practiced serfdom, except in a few territories it later acquired which were ruled under a local legal code.
1347	Poland	The Statutes of Casimir the Great issued in Wiślica emancipate all non-free people.^[20]
1368	Ming Dynasty	Emperor Hongwu abolished most forms of slavery,^[21] limiting even the highest ranks of household to less than 20 household slaves. Later in the dynasty saw a resurgence of debt servitude, primarily in the south, as a result of population growth against the dearth of arable lands, often taking euphemisms like "adoption" to circumvent its still outlawed status.^[22]
1416	Tɛmplet:Country data Ragusa	Slavery and slave trade abolished.
1423	Poland	King orders to free all Christian slaves.^[23]
1435	Canary Islands	Pope Eugene IV's Sicut Dudum bans enslavement of baptised Christians, "or those freely seeking baptism" in the Canary Islands on pain of excommunication.^[24]
1477	Tɛmplet:Country data Crown of Castile Castile	Isabella I bans slavery in newly conquered territories.^[25]
1480	Galicia	Remnant serfdom abolished by the Catholic Monarchs.^[26]
1486	Tɛmplet:Country data Crown of Aragon Aragon	Ferdinand II promulgates the Sentence of Guadalupe, abolishing Carolingian-remnant serfdom (remença) in Old Catalonia.
1490	Tɛmplet:Country data Crown of Castile Castile	After a long court case, the Catholic Monarchs order that all La Gomera natives enslaved in the aftermath of the 1488 rebellion must be freed and returned to the island at Conquistador Pedro de Vera's expense. De Vera is also relieved from his post as Governor of Gran Canaria in 1491.^[27]
1493	Tɛmplet:Country data Crown of Castile Castile	Queen Isabella bans the enslavement of Native Americans unless they are hostile or cannibalistic.^[25] Native Americans are ruled to be subjects of the Crown. Columbus is preempted from selling Indian captives in Seville and those already sold are tracked, purchased from their buyers and released.

1500–1700

Date	Jurisdiction	Description
1503	Tɛmplet:Country data Crown of Castile Castile	Native Americans allowed to travel to Spain only on their own free will.^[28]
1512	Tɛmplet:Country data Crown of Castile Castile	The Laws of Burgos establish limits to the treatment of natives in the Encomienda system.
1518	Spain	Decree of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V establishing the importation of African slaves to the Americas, under monopoly of Laurent de Gouvenot, in an attempt to discourage enslavement of Native Americans.
1528		Charles V forbids the transportation of Native Americans to Europe, even on their own will, in an effort to curtail their enslavement. Encomiendas are banned from collecting tribute in gold with the reasoning that Natives were selling their children to get it.^[29]
1530		Outright slavery of Native Americans under any circumstance is banned under the New laws.
1536		The Welser family is dispossessed of the Asiento monopoly (granted in 1528) following complaints about their treatment of Native American workers in Venezuela.
1537	New World	Pope Paul III forbids slavery of the indigenous peoples of the Americas and any other population to be discovered, establishing their right to freedom and property (Sublimis Deus).^[30]
1542	Spain	The New Laws ban slave raiding in the Americas and abolish the slavery of natives, but replace it with other systems of forced labor like the repartimiento. Slavery of Black Africans continues.^[16] New limits are imposed to the Encomienda.
1549		Encomiendas banned from using forced labor.
1550-1551		Valladolid Debate on the innate rights of indigenous peoples of the Americas.
1552		Bartolomé de las Casas, "the first to expose the oppression of indigenous peoples by Europeans in the Americas and to call for the abolition of slavery there."^[31]
1562	Mughal Empire	Akbar I restricted enslavement by his soldiery.^[32]
1570	Portugal	King Sebastian of Portugal bans the enslavement of Native Americans under Portuguese rule, allowing only the enslavement of hostile ones. This law was highly influenced by the Society of Jesus, which had missionaries in direct contact with Brazilian tribes.
1574	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of England	Last remaining serfs emancipated by Elizabeth I.^[17]
1574	Philippines		Slavery abolished by royal decree.^[33]
1588	Lithuania	The Third Statute of Lithuania abolishes slavery.^[34]
1590	Japan	Toyotomi Hideyoshi bans slavery except as punishment for criminals.^[35]
1595	Portugal	Trade of Chinese slaves banned.^[36]
1602	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of England	The Clifton Star Chamber Case set a precedent, that impressing / enslaving children to serve as actors was illegal.
1609	Spain	The Moriscos, many of whom are serfs, are expelled from Peninsular Spain unless they become slaves voluntarily (known as moros cortados, "cut Moors") However, a large proportion avoid expulsion or manage to return.^[37]
1624	Portugal	Enslavement of Chinese banned.^[38]^[39]
1648	Tɛmplet:Country data Cossack Hetmanate	The system of serfdom was partially weakened, a part of serfs were freed. Manors of the Polish szlachta and the Catholic Church were given under the government control.
1649	Russia	The sale of Russian slaves to Muslims is banned.^[40]
1652	Providence Plantations	Roger Williams and Samuel Gorton work to pass legislation abolishing slavery in Providence Plantations, the first attempt of its kind in North America. It does not go into effect.^[41]
1660	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of England	Tenures Abolition Act 1660
1677	Maratha Empire	Shivaji I banned, freed and stopped import and export of all slaves under his Empire.^[42]^[43]^[44]
1679	Tɛmplet:Country data Russia	Feodor III converts all Russian field slaves into serfs.^[45]^[46]
1683	Spanish Chile	Slavery of Mapuche prisoners of war abolished.^[47]
1687	Spanish Florida	Fugitive slaves from the Thirteen Colonies granted freedom in return for conversion to Catholicism and four years of military service.
1688	Pennsylvania	The Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery is the first religious petition against African slavery in what would become the United States.

1701–1799

Date	Jurisdiction	Description
1706	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of England	In Smith v. Browne & Cooper, Sir John Holt, Lord Chief Justice of England, rules that "as soon as a Negro comes into England, he becomes free. One may be a villein in England, but not a slave."^[48]^[49]
1711–1712	Imereti	Slave trade banned by Mamia I of Imereti.
1712	Spain	Moros cortados expelled.^[50]
1715	North Carolina South Carolina	Native American slave trade in the American Southeast reduces with the outbreak of the Yamasee War.
1723	Tɛmplet:Country data Russian Empire	Peter the Great converts all house slaves into house serfs, effectively making slavery illegal in Russia.
1723–1730	Qing Dynasty	The Yongzheng emancipation seeks to free all slaves to strengthen the autocratic ruler through a kind of social leveling that creates an undifferentiated class of free subjects under the throne. Although these new regulations freed the vast majority of slaves, wealthy families continued to use slave labor into the twentieth century.^[51]
1732	Georgia	Province established without African slavery in sharp contrast to neighboring colony of Carolina. In 1738, James Oglethorpe warns against changing that policy, which would "occasion the misery of thousands in Africa."^[52] Native American slavery is legal throughout Georgia, however, and African slavery is later introduced in 1749.
1738	Spanish Florida	Fort Mosé, the first legal settlement of free blacks in what is today the United States, is established. Word of the settlement sparks the Stono Rebellion in Carolina the following year.
1746	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Great Britain	Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746
1746	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Great Britain	Tenures Abolition Act 1746
1761	Portugal	The Marquis of Pombal bans the importation of slaves to metropolitan Portugal.^[53] encouraging instead the trade of African slaves to Brazil.^[54]^[55]^[56]^[57]
1766	Spain	Muhammad III of Morocco purchases the freedom of all Muslim slaves in Seville, Cádiz, and Barcelona.^[58]
1770	Tɛmplet:Country data Circassia	The Circassians of the Abdzakh region started a great revolution in Circassian territory in 1770. Classes such as slaves, nobles and princes were completely abolished. The Abdzakh Revolution coincides with the French Revolution. While many French nobles took refuge in Russia, some of the Circassian nobles took the same path and took refuge in Russia.^[59]
1771	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Sardinia Kingdom of Sardinia	Serfdom abolished in the lands ruled by the House of Savoy.^[60]
1772	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of England	Somersett's case rules that no slave can be forcibly removed from England. This case was generally taken at the time to have decided that the condition of slavery did not exist under English law in England and Wales.^[61]
1773	Portugal	A new decree by the Marquis of Pombal, signed by the king Dom José, emancipates fourth-generation slaves^[53] and every child born to an enslaved mother after the decree was published.^[62]
1774	East India Company	Government of Bengal passed regulations 9 and 10 of 1774, prohibiting the trade in slaves without written deed, and the sale of anyone not already enslaved.^[63]
1775	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Great Britain	Colliers and Salters (Scotland) Act 1775
	Pennsylvania	Pennsylvania Abolition Society formed in Philadelphia, the first abolition society within the territory that is now the United States of America.
	United States	Atlantic slave trade banned or suspended in the United Colonies during the Revolutionary War. This was a continuation of the Thirteen Colonies' non-importation agreements against Britain, as an attempt to cut all economic ties with Britain during the war.^[64]
1777	Madeira	Slavery abolished.^[65]
1777	Tɛmplet:Country data Vermont Republic	The Constitution of the Vermont Republic partially bans slavery,^[65] freeing men over 21 and women older than 18 at the time of its passage.^[66] The ban is not strongly enforced.^[67]^[68]
1778	Tɛmplet:Country data Scotland	Joseph Knight successfully argues that Scots law cannot support the status of slavery.^[69]
1779	British America	The Philipsburg Proclamation frees all slaves who desert the American rebels, regardless of their willingness to fight for the Crown.
1780	Pennsylvania	An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery passed, freeing future children of slaves. Those born prior to the Act remain enslaved for life. The Act becomes a model for other Northern states. Last slaves freed 1847.^[70]
1781	Tɛmplet:Country data Archduchy of Austria Archduchy of Austria	Joseph II abolishes personal bondage of serfs and allows their freedom of movement with the Serfdom Patent of 1781.
1783	Tɛmplet:Country data Russian Empire	Slavery abolished in the recently annexed Crimean Khanate.^[71]
	Massachusetts	Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court rules slavery unconstitutional, a decision based on the 1780 Massachusetts constitution. All slaves are immediately freed.^[72]
	Tɛmplet:Country data Austrian Empire	Joseph II abolishes slavery in Bukovina.^[73]
	New Hampshire	Gradual abolition of slavery begins.
	British America	After being settled into by Quakers, Beaver Harbour, New Brunswick becomes the first settlement in British North America to ban slavery, forbidding slave masters from entering.^[74]
1784	Connecticut	Gradual abolition of slavery, freeing future children of slaves, and later all slaves.^[75]
1784	Rhode Island	Gradual abolition of slavery begins.
1785	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Hungary	In response to the Revolt of Horea, Joseph II abolishes personal bondage and allows freedom of movement for peasants in Hungary with the urbarium of 22 August 1785.^[76]
1786	New South Wales	A policy of completely banning slavery is adopted by governor-designate Arthur Phillip for the soon-to-be established colony.^[77]
1787	United States	The United States in Congress Assembled passes the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, outlawing any new slavery in the Northwest Territories.
	Sierra Leone	Founded by Great Britain as a colony for emancipated slaves.^[78]
	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Great Britain	Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade founded in Great Britain.^[65]
1788	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Great Britain	Sir William Dolben's Act regulating the conditions on British slave ships enacted.
	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of France	Abolitionist Society of the Friends of the Blacks founded in Paris.
	Denmark	Limits imposed to serfdom under the Stavnsbånd system.
1789	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of France	Last remaining seigneurial privileges over peasants abolished.^[79]
1791	Tɛmplet:Country data Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth	The Constitution of May 3, 1791 introduced elements of political equality between townspeople and nobility, and placed the peasants under the protection of the government; thus, it mitigated the worst abuses of serfdom.
1791	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of France	Emancipation of second-generation slaves in the colonies.^[58]
1792	Tɛmplet:Country data Denmark-Norway	Transatlantic slave trade declared illegal after 1803, though slavery continues in Danish colonies to 1848.^[80]
1792	Saint Helena	The importation of slaves to the island of Saint Helena was banned in 1792, but the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies.^[81]
1793	Saint-Domingue	Commissioner Leger-Felicite Sonthonax abolishes slavery in the northern part of the colony. His colleague Etienne Polverel does the same in the rest of the territory in October.
1793	Tɛmplet:Country data Upper Canada	Importation of slaves banned by the Act Against Slavery.
1794	Tɛmplet:Country data French First Republic	Slavery abolished in all French territories and possessions.^[82]
	United States	The Slave Trade Act bans both American ships from participating in the slave trade and the export of slaves in foreign ships.^[64]
	Tɛmplet:Country data Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth	The Proclamation of Połaniec, issued during the Kościuszko Uprising, ultimately abolished serfdom in Poland, and granted substantial civil liberties to all peasants.
1798	Tɛmplet:Country data French First Republic French Malta	Slavery banned in the islands after their capture by French forces under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte.^[83]^[84]
1799	Tɛmplet:Country data New York	Gradual emancipation act freeing the future children of slaves, and all slaves in 1827.^[85]
1799	Tɛmplet:Country data Scotland	The Colliers (Scotland) Act 1799 ends the legal servitude or slavery of coal and salt miners that had been established in 1606.^[86]

1800–1829

Illustration from the book: The Black Man's Lament, Or, How to Make Sugar by Amelia Opie (London, 1826)

Date	Jurisdiction	Description
1800	Joseon	State slavery banned in 1800. Private slavery continued until being banned in 1894.
	Malta	Despite being in rebellion against the French, the National Congress confirms the validity of Napoleon's 1798 abolition of slavery, and Alexander Ball issues a proclamation to this effect.^[84]
	United States	American citizens banned from investment and employment in the international slave trade in an additional Slave Trade Act.
1802	Tɛmplet:Country data French First Republic	Napoleon re-introduces slavery in sugarcane-growing colonies.^[87]
1802	Ohio	State constitution abolishes slavery.
1803	Tɛmplet:Country data Denmark-Norway	Abolition of Danish participation in the transatlantic slave trade takes effect on 1 January.
1804	Tɛmplet:Country data New Jersey	Slavery abolished.^[88]
1804	Tɛmplet:Country data Haiti	Haiti declares independence and abolishes slavery.^[65]
1805	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	A bill for abolition passes in House of Commons but is rejected in the House of Lords.
1806	United States	In a message to Congress, Thomas Jefferson calls for criminalizing the international slave trade, asking Congress to "withdraw the citizens of the United States from all further participation in those violations of human rights ... which the morality, the reputation, and the best of our country have long been eager to proscribe."
1807	United States	International slave trade made a felony in Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves; this act takes effect on 1 January 1808, the earliest date permitted under the Constitution.^[89]
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	Abolition of the Slave Trade Act abolishes slave trading throughout the British Empire. Captains fined £100 per slave transported. Patrols sent to the African coast to arrest slaving vessels. The West Africa Squadron (Royal Navy) is established to suppress slave trading; by 1865, nearly 150,000 people freed by anti-slavery operations.^[90]
	Warsaw	Constitution abolishes serfdom.^[91]
	Tɛmplet:Country data Prussia	The Stein-Hardenberg Reforms abolish serfdom.^[91]
	Michigan Territory	Judge Augustus Woodward denies the return of two slaves owned by a man in Windsor, Upper Canada. Woodward declares that any man "coming into this Territory is by law of the land a freeman."^[92]
1808	United States	Importation and exportation of slaves made a crime.^[93]
1810	New Spain	Independence leader Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla proclaimed the abolition of slavery three months after the start of the Independence of Mexico from Spain.
1811	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	Slave trading made a felony punishable by transportation for both British subjects and foreigners.
	Spain	The Cortes of Cádiz abolish the last remaining seigneurial rights.^[58]
	British East India Company	The Company issued regulations 10 of 1811, prohibiting the transport of slaves into Company territory, adding to the 1774 restrictions.^[63]
	Chile	The First National Congress approves a proposal of Manuel de Salas that declares Freedom of Wombs, freeing the children of slaves born in Chilean territory, regardless of their parents' condition. The slave trade is banned and the slaves who stay for more than six months in Chilean territory are automatically declared freedmen.
1812	Malta Protectorate	British protectorate authorities issue a proclamation declaring that "negroes cannot be considered as objects of trade" in response to reports of African slaves being imported into Malta from North Africa, despite slavery having previously been abolished on Malta in 1798.^[84]
1812	Spain	The Cortes of Cádiz pass the Spanish Constitution of 1812, giving citizenship and equal rights to all residents in Spain and her territories, excluding slaves. During deliberations, Deputies José Miguel Guridi y Alcocer and Agustín Argüelles unsuccessfully argue for the abolition of slavery.^[58]
1813	New Spain	Independence leader José María Morelos y Pavón declares slavery abolished in Mexico in the documents Sentimientos de la Nación.
1813	United Provinces	Law of Wombs passed by the Assembly of Year XIII. Slaves born after 31 January 1813 will be granted freedom when they are married, or on their 16th birthday for women and 20th for men, and upon their manumission will be given land and tools to work it.^[94]
1814	United Provinces	After the occupation of Montevideo, all slaves born in modern Uruguayan territory are declared free.
1814	Netherlands	Slave trade abolished.
1815	Tɛmplet:Country data French First Republic	Napoleon abolishes the slave trade.
	Portugal	Slave trade banned north of the Equator in return for a £750,000 payment by Britain.^[95]
	Florida	British withdrawing after the War of 1812 leave a fully armed fort in the hands of maroons, escaped slaves and their descendants, and their Seminole allies. Becomes known as Negro Fort.
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Portugal Sweden-Norway Tɛmplet:Country data Bourbon Restoration Austria Tɛmplet:Country data Russia Spain Tɛmplet:Country data Prussia	The Congress of Vienna declares its opposition to the slave trade.^[96]
1816	Estonia	Serfdom abolished.
	Florida	Negro Fort destroyed in the Battle of Negro Fort by U.S. forces under the command of General Andrew Jackson.
	Algeria	Algiers bombarded by the British and Dutch navies in an attempt to end North African piracy and slave raiding in the Mediterranean. 3,000 slaves freed.
1817	Courland	Serfdom abolished.
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Spain	Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade.^[97]
	Spain	Ferdinand VII signs a cedula banning the importation of slaves in Spanish possessions beginning in 1820,^[58] in return for a £400,000 payment from Britain.^[95] However, some slaves are still smuggled in after this date. Both slave ownership and internal commerce in slaves remained legal.
	Venezuela	Simon Bolivar calls for the abolition of slavery.^[58]
	Tɛmplet:Country data New York	4 July 1827 set as date to free all ex-slaves from indenture.^[98]
	United Provinces	Constitution supports the abolition of slavery, but does not ban it.^[58]
1818	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Portugal	Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade.^[99]
	Tɛmplet:Country data Bourbon Restoration	Slave trade banned.
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Netherlands	Bilateral treaty taking additional measures to enforce the 1814 ban on slave trading.^[99]
1819	Livonia	Serfdom abolished.
	Upper Canada	Attorney-General John Robinson declares all black residents free.
	Tɛmplet:Country data Hawaii	The ancient Hawaiian kapu system is abolished during the ʻAi Noa, and with it the distinction between the kauwā slave class and the makaTɛmplet:Okinaāinana (commoners).^[100]
1820	United States	The Compromise of 1820 bans slavery north of the 36º 30' line; the Act to Protect the Commerce of the United States and Punish the Crime of Piracy is amended to consider the maritime slave trade as piracy, making it punishable with death.
	Indiana	The supreme court orders almost all slaves in the state to be freed in Polly v. Lasselle.
	Spain	The 1817 abolition of the slave trade takes effect.^[101]
1821	Tɛmplet:Country data First Mexican Empire	The Plan of Iguala frees the slaves born in Mexico.^[58]
	United States Spain	In accordance with Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, Florida becomes a territory of the United States. A main reason was Spain's inability or unwillingness to capture and return escaped slaves.
	Peru	Abolition of slave trade and implementation of a plan to gradually end slavery.^[58]
	Tɛmplet:Country data Gran Colombia	Emancipation for sons and daughters born to slave mothers, program for compensated emancipation set.^[102]
1822	Tɛmplet:Country data Haiti Haiti	Jean Pierre Boyer annexes Spanish Haiti and abolishes slavery there.
	Liberia	Founded by the American Colonization Society as a colony for emancipated slaves.
	Tɛmplet:Country data Muscat Muscat and Oman United Kingdom	First bilateral treaty limiting the slave trade in Zanzibar (Moresby Treaty).
1823	Chile	Slavery abolished.^[65]
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	The Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions (Anti-Slavery Society) is founded.
	Greece	Prohibition of slavery is enshrined in the Greek Constitution of 1823, during the Greek War of Independence.^[103]
1824	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	Slave Trade Act 1824
	Mexico	The new constitution effectively abolishes slavery.
	Tɛmplet:Country data Federal Republic of Central America Central America	Slavery abolished.^[104]
1825	Uruguay	Importation of slaves banned.
1825	Tɛmplet:Country data Haiti Haiti	France, with warships at the ready, demanded Haiti compensate France for its loss of slaves and its slave colony
1827	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Sweden-Norway	Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade.^[99]
	Tɛmplet:Country data New York	Last vestiges of slavery abolished. Children born between 1799 and 1827 are indentured until age 25 (females) or age 28 (males).^[105]
	Saint Helena	Phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves, some six years before the British parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in all colonies.^[81]
1829	Mexico	Last slaves freed just as the first president of partial African ancestry (Vicente Guerrero) is elected.^[65]

1830–1849

An anti-slavery map with an unusual perspective centered on West Africa, which is in the light, and contrasting the Americas and Europe in the dark. By Julius Rubens Ames, 1847.

Date	Jurisdiction	Description
1830	Coahuila y Tejas	Mexican President Anastasio Bustamante attempts to implement the abolition of slavery. To circumvent the law, Anglo-Texans declare their slaves "indentured servants for life".^[106]
1830	Tɛmplet:Country data Ottoman Empire	The Firman of 1830 theoretically emancipates all white slaves in the Ottoman Empire.^[107]
1830	Uruguay	Slavery abolished.
1831	Bolivia	Slavery abolished.^[65]
1831	Tɛmplet:Country data Empire of Brazil Brazil	Law of 7 November 1831, abolishing the maritime slave trade, banning any importation of slaves, and granting freedom to slaves illegally imported into Brazil. The law was seldom enforced prior to 1850, when Brazil, under British pressure, adopted additional legislation to criminalize the importation of slaves.
1832	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Greece	Slavery abolished with independence.
1832	Coahuila y Tejas	Anahuac Disturbances: Juan Davis Bradburn, American-born Mexican officer at Anahuac, Texas, confronts slave-owning American settlers, enforcing Mexican abolition of slavery and refusing to hand over two escaped slaves.
1834	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 comes into force, abolishing slavery throughout most of the British Empire but on a gradual basis over the next six years.^[108] Legally frees 700,000 in the West Indies, 20,000 in Mauritius, and 40,000 in South Africa. The exceptions are the territories controlled by the East India Company and Ceylon.^[109]
1834	Tɛmplet:Country data July Monarchy	French Society for the Abolition of Slavery founded in Paris.^[110]
1835	Tɛmplet:Country data Principality of Serbia	Freedom granted to all slaves in the moment they step on Serb soil.^[111]
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Tɛmplet:Country data July Monarchy	Bilateral treaties abolishing the slave trade.^[99]
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Denmark	Bilateral treaties abolishing the slave trade.^[99]
	Peru	A decree of Felipe Santiago Salaverry re-legalizes the importation of slaves from other Latin American countries. The line "no slave shall enter Peru without becoming free" is taken out of the Constitution in 1839.^[112]
1836	Portugal	Prime Minister Sá da Bandeira bans the transatlantic slave trade and the importation and exportation of slaves to or from the Portuguese colonies south of the equator.
1837	Spain	Slavery abolished outside of the colonies.^[58]
1838	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	Most slaves in the colonies become free after a period of forced apprenticeship following the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions (now London Anti-Slavery Society) winds up.
1839	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	The British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (after several changes, now known as Anti-Slavery International) is founded.
	East India Company	The Indian indenture system is abolished in territories controlled by the company, but this is reversed in 1842.
	Tɛmplet:Country data Papal States Catholic Church	Pope Gregory XVI's In supremo apostolatus resoundingly condemns slavery and the slave trade.
1840	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Venezuela	Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade.
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	First World Anti-Slavery Convention meets in London.
	Tɛmplet:Country data New Zealand	Taking slaves banned by Treaty of Waitangi.^[113]
1841	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Tɛmplet:Country data July Monarchy Tɛmplet:Country data Russia Tɛmplet:Country data Prussia Tɛmplet:Country data Austrian Empire Austria	Quintuple Treaty agreeing to suppress the slave trade.^[65]
1841	United States	United States v. The Amistad finds that the slaves of La Amistad were illegally enslaved and were legally allowed, as free men, to fight their captors by any means necessary.
1842	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Portugal	Bilateral treaty extending the enforcement of the slave trade ban to Portuguese ships south of the Equator.
1842	Paraguay	Law for the gradual abolition of slavery passed.^[58]
1843	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	Slave Trade Act 1843
	East India Company	The Indian Slavery Act, 1843, Act V abolishes slavery in territories controlled by the company.
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Uruguay	Bilateral treaties abolishing the slave trade.^[99]
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Mexico
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Chile
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Bolivia
1844	Tɛmplet:Country data Moldavia	Mihail Sturdza abolishes slavery in Moldavia.
	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Hungary	The serfs were given the Right to Property. But until the April Laws, they were subject to different taxes and legal procedures (jus gladii) than burghers.^[114]
	Paraguay	Slave trade abolished.^[58]
	Dominican Republic	Dominican Republic declares independence from Haiti; abolition of slavery reinforced.^[115]
1845	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	36 Royal Navy ships assigned to the Anti-Slavery Squadron, making it one of the largest fleets in the world.
1845	Illinois	In Jarrot v. Jarrot, the Illinois Supreme Court frees the last indentured ex-slaves in the state who were born after the Northwest Ordinance.^[116]
1846	Tunisia	Slavery abolished in Tunisia under Ahmed Bey rule.^[117]
1847	Tɛmplet:Country data Ottoman Empire	Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf: slave trade from Africa (via the Persian Gulf route) abolished.^[118]
	Saint Barthélemy	Last slaves freed.^[119]
	Tɛmplet:Country data Pennsylvania	The last indentured ex-slaves, born before 1780 (fewer than 100 in the 1840 census^[120]) are freed.
	Danish West Indies	Royal edict ruling the freedom of children born from female slaves and the total abolition of slavery after 12 years. Dissatisfaction causes a slave rebellion in Saint Croix the next year.
1848	Hungary	The April laws completely abolished serfdom in Hungary (excluding Transylvania) and Croatia.
	Tɛmplet:Country data Austrian Empire Austria	Serfdom abolished.^[121]^[122]^[123]
	Tɛmplet:Country data French Second Republic	Slavery abolished in the colonies. Gabon is founded as a settlement for emancipated slaves.
	Danish West Indies	Governor Peter von Scholten declares the immediate and total emancipation of all slaves in an attempt to end the slave revolt. For this he is recalled and tried for treason, but the charges are later dropped.^[65]^[119]^[124]
	Denmark	Last remains of the Stavnsbånd effectively abolished.
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Tɛmplet:Country data Muscat Muscat and Oman	Bilateral treaties abolishing the slave trade.^[99]
1849	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Tɛmplet:Country data Trucial States	Bilateral treaties abolishing the slave trade.^[99]
1849	Sierra Leone	The Royal Navy destroys the slave factory of Lomboko.

1850–1899

Medical examination photo of Gordon showing his scourged back, widely distributed by Abolitionists to expose the brutality of slavery

Date	Jurisdiction	Description
1850	United States	The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 requires the return of escaped slaves to their owners regardless of the state they are in.
1850	Tɛmplet:Country data Empire of Brazil Brazil	Eusébio de Queirós Law (Law 581 of 4 September 1850) criminalizing the maritime slave trade as piracy, and imposing other criminal sanctions on the importation of slaves (already banned in 1831).^[125]
1851	Tɛmplet:Country data Empire of Brazil Brazil Uruguay	Bilateral treaty of 12 October, Uruguay accepts returning to Brazil the escaped slaves from that country. Brazilians who owned land in Uruguay were allowed to have slaves in their properties.
	Taiping Heavenly Kingdom	Slavery nominally abolished along with opium, gambling, polygamy and foot binding.^[126]^[127]^[128]
	New Granada	Slavery abolished.^[102] After years of laws that only purported a partial advancement towards abolition, President José Hilario López pushed Congress to pass total abolition on 21 May. Former owners were compensated with government issued bonds.^[129]
	Ecuador	Slavery abolished in the country by José María Urvina.^[130]
	Lagos	Reduction of Lagos: The British capture the city of Lagos and replace King Kosoko with Akitoye because of the former's refusal to ban the slave trade.
1852	Tɛmplet:Country data Hawaii Hawaii	1852 Constitution officially declared slavery illegal.^[131]
1852	United Kingdom Lagos	Bilateral treaty banning the slave trade and human sacrifice.
1853	Argentina	Slavery abolished with the sanction of a new federal Constitution.^[132]
1854	Peru	Slavery abolished by Ramón Castilla.^[133]^[65]
	Tɛmplet:Country data Ottoman Empire	The Firman of 1854 prohibit the Circassian slave trade.^[107]
	Venezuela	Slavery abolished.^[65]^[102]
1855	Tɛmplet:Country data Moldavia	Slavery abolished.
1856	Tɛmplet:Country data Wallachia	Slavery abolished.
1857	United States	Dred Scott v. Sandford rules that black slaves and their descendants cannot gain American citizenship and are not entitled to freedom even if they live in a free state for years.
1857	Egypt	Firman of 1857 banning the trade of Black African (Zanj) slaves.^{[citation needed]}
1857	Tɛmplet:Country data Ottoman Empire	The Firman of 1857 prohibit the African slave trade.^[107]
1858	United Kingdom	British government takes direct control of all land owned by the East India Company, making previously East India Company directly managed territory subject to the slavery laws applicable in the rest of the British Empire.
1859	Atlantic Ocean	Definitive suppression of the transatlantic slave trade.
	United States	The Wyandotte Constitution establishes the future state of Kansas as a free state, after four years of armed conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups in the territory. Southern dominance in the U.S. Senate delays the admission of Kansas as a state until 1861.
	Tɛmplet:Country data Russia	Kazakhs banned from having slaves, although slavery persists in some areas through the rest of the century.^[134]Tɛmplet:Better source needed
1860	United States	Last known slave ship to unload illegally on U.S. territory, the Clotilda.
1861	Tɛmplet:Country data Russia	The Emancipation reform of 1861 abolishes serfdom.^[135]
	United States	The election of Abraham Lincoln leads to the attempted secession of eleven slaveholding states and the American Civil War.
	United Kingdom British India	Indian Penal Code explicitly prohibits slavery in British administered territory.
1862	United States	Congress passes the District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act, freeing all slaves in the District of Columbia.^[136]
	United States Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade (African Slave Trade Treaty Act).^[99]
	Spanish Cuba	Slave trade abolished.^[65]
	United States	Nathaniel Gordon becomes the only person hanged in U.S. history "for being engaged in the slave trade".
1863	Netherlands	Slavery abolished in the colonies, emancipating 33,000 slaves in Surinam, 12,000 in Curaçao and Dependencies,^[137] and an indeterminate number in the East Indies.
	United States	Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all slaves in Confederate-controlled areas. Most slaves in "border states" are freed by state action, and a separate law frees the slaves in Washington, D.C.
	Iceland	Exemptions introduced to serfdom under the Vistarband system.
	Tɛmplet:Country data Chatham Islands	Slavery abolished.^[138]
1864	Congress Poland	Serfdom abolished.^[139]
1865	United States	Slavery and involuntary servitude abolished, except as punishment for crime, by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. It frees all remaining slaves, about 40,000, in the border slave states that did not secede.^[140] Thirty out of thirty-six states vote to ratify it; New Jersey, Delaware, Kentucky, and Mississippi vote against. Mississippi does not officially ratify it until 2013.^[141]
	Tɛmplet:Country data Republic of Texas	Juneteenth: U.S. General Gordon Granger proclaims the end of slavery in Galveston.
	Spain	Spanish Abolitionist Society founded in Madrid by Julio Vizcarrondo, José Julián Acosta and Joaquín Sanromá.^[58]
1866	Tɛmplet:Country data Oklahoma Oklahoma	Slavery abolished.^[142] U.S. government treaties with the Five Tribes that governed the Indian Territory, which previously allied with the Confederacy, required them to abolish slavery for renewed U.S. recognition of their continued independence.
	Iowa	Thirteenth Amendment ratified.
	Tɛmplet:Country data New Jersey	Thirteenth Amendment ratified.
1867	Spain	Law of Repression and Punishment of the Slave Trade.^[58]
1867	United States	Peonage Act of 1867, mostly targeting use of Native American peons in New Mexico Territory. Slavery among native tribes in Alaska was abolished after the purchase from Russia in 1867.^[143]
1868	Spanish Cuba	Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and other independence leaders free their slaves and proclaim the independence of Cuba, starting the Ten Years War.
1869	Portugal	Louis I abolishes slavery in all Portuguese territories and colonies.
1869	Paraguay	Slavery abolished.
1870	Spain	Amidst great opposition from the Cuban and Puerto Rican planters, Segismundo Moret drafts a "Law of Free Wombs" that frees children of slaves, slaves older than 65 years, and slaves serving in the Spanish Army, beginning in 1872.^[58]
1870	Tɛmplet:Country data Republic of Texas	Thirteenth Amendment ratified.
1871	Tɛmplet:Country data Empire of Brazil Brazil	Rio Branco Law (Law of Free Birth) declares the children born to slave mothers free.^[144]
1871	Japan	Abolition of the han system or Japanese feudalism.
1873	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	Slave Trade Act 1873
	Puerto Rico	Slavery abolished.
	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Zanzibar Madagascar	Triple treaty abolishing the slave trade.^[99]
1874	Tɛmplet:Country data Gold Coast	Slavery abolished.^[145]
1877	Tɛmplet:Country data Khedivate of Egypt Egypt	The Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention abolishes the slave trade gradually in 1877–1884. This also gradually abolishes slavery itself over the next decades.
1879	Bulgaria	Slavery abolished with independence. The Constitution states that any slave that enters Bulgarian territory is immediately freed.
1880	Tɛmplet:Country data Ottoman Empire	The Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880 prohibit the Red Sea slave trade and give the British the right to stop all slave ships in Ottoman waters.^[107]
1882	Tɛmplet:Country data Ottoman Empire	A firman emancipates all slaves, white and black.^[146]
1884	Tɛmplet:Country data Cambodia	Slavery abolished.
1885	Tɛmplet:Country data Empire of Brazil Brazil	Saraiva-Cotegipe Law passed, freeing all slaves over the age of 60 and creating other measures for the gradual abolition of slavery, such as a Manumissions Fund administered by the State.
1886	Spanish Cuba	Slavery abolished.^[65]
1888	Tɛmplet:Country data Empire of Brazil Brazil	Slavery abolished.^[147]
1889	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Italy Italy	An Italian court finds that Josephine Bakhita was never legally enslaved according to Italian, British, or Egyptian law and is a free woman.
1889	Tɛmplet:Country data Ottoman Empire	The Kanunname of 1889 prohibit the African slavery and slave trade in the Ottoman Empire.^[148]
1890	Tɛmplet:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland France Germany Portugal Tɛmplet:Country data Congo Free State Congo Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Italy Italy Spain Netherlands Belgium Tɛmplet:Country data Russia Tɛmplet:Country data Austria-Hungary Sweden-Norway Denmark United States Tɛmplet:Country data Ottoman Empire Zanzibar Persia	Brussels Conference Act – a collection of anti-slavery measures to put an end to the slave trade on land and sea, especially in the Congo Basin, the Ottoman Empire, and the East African coast.
1894	Tɛmplet:Country data Korean Empire Korea	Slavery abolished, but it survives in practice until 1930.^[149]
1894	Iceland	Vistarband effectively abolished (but not de jure).
1895	Tɛmplet:Country data Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan is annexed by Japan, where slavery has been abolished.
1895	Egypt	Slavery abolished.^[150]
1895	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Italy	First slaves freed^[151]
1896	Madagascar	Slavery abolished.
1897	Zanzibar	Slavery abolished^[152] except in the case of concubines (abolished in 1909^[153]).
	Tɛmplet:Country data Thailand Siam	Slave trade abolished.^[154]
	Tɛmplet:Country data Ottoman Empire Bassora	Children of freedmen issued separate certificates of liberation to avoid enslavement and separation from their parents.^{[citation needed]}
1899	Ndzuwani	Slavery abolished.

1900–1949

Date	Jurisdiction	Description
1900	Guam	Slavery abolished 22 February 1900, by proclamation of Richard P. Leary.^[155]
1901	Tɛmplet:Country data Delaware	Thirteenth Amendment ratified.
1902	Cameroon	Gradual abolition of slavery.^[156]
1903	Tɛmplet:Country data French Sudan	"Slave" no longer used as an administrative category.
1904	United Kingdom Germany Denmark Spain France Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Italy Italy Netherlands Portugal Tɛmplet:Country data Russia	International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic signed in Paris. Only France, the Netherlands and Russia extend the treaty to the whole extent of their colonial empires with immediate effect, and Italy extends it to Eritrea but not to Italian Somaliland.^[157]
1904	British East Africa	Slavery abolished.^[158]
1905	Tɛmplet:Country data French West Africa	Slavery formally abolished. Though up to one million slaves gain their freedom, slavery continues to exist in practice for decades afterward.
1906	Tɛmplet:Country data Qing Dynasty	Slavery abolished beginning on 31 January 1910. Adult slaves are converted into hired laborers and the minors freed upon reaching age 25.^[159]
1906	Tɛmplet:Country data Barotseland	Slavery abolished.^[160]
1908	Tɛmplet:Country data Ottoman Empire	The Young Turk Revolution eradicates the open trade of Zanj and Circassian women from Constantinople.^[161]
1908	Tɛmplet:Country data Congo Free State	Belgium annexes the Congo Free State, ending the practice of slavery there.
1912	Tɛmplet:Country data Thailand Siam	Slavery abolished.^[154]
1915	Tɛmplet:Country data Malaysia British Malaya	Slavery abolished.^[162]
1917	Tɛmplet:Country data British Raj	Indian indenture system abolished.^[163]
1918	United States	Supreme Court rules in Arver v. United States that the 13th Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude does not apply to conscription. The government can constitutionally force people to serve in the military against their will.
1919	Tɛmplet:Country data Tanganyika	Slavery abolished.^[158]
1922	Morocco	Slave trade abolished, slave holding remained legal.^[164]
1923	Afghanistan	Slavery abolished.^[165]
	Tɛmplet:Country data Florida	Convict lease abolished after the death of Martin Tabert, who was whipped for being too ill to work.^{[citation needed]}
	Tɛmplet:Country data British Hong Kong	Slavery of Mui tsai abolished.
1924	Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Iraq Iraq	Slavery abolished.^[166]
	Anglo-Egyptian Sudan	Slavery abolished^[167]
	Tɛmplet:Country data League of Nations	Temporary Slavery Commission appointed.
	Turkey	Slavery abolished^[168]
1926	Tɛmplet:Country data Nepal	Slavery abolished.^[169]
	Tɛmplet:Country data League of Nations	Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery.
	British Burma	Slavery abolished.^[162]
	United Kingdom	Law of Property Act 1925.
1927	Spain	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1927	United Kingdom Tɛmplet:Country data Nejd Nejd Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Hejaz	Treaty of Jeddah (1927) abolishing the slave trade.
1928	Sierra Leone	Abolition of domestic slavery practised by local African elites.^[170] Although established as a place for freed slaves, a study found practices of domestic slavery still widespread in rural areas in the 1970s.^{[citation needed]}
1928	Tɛmplet:Country data Alabama	Convict lease abolished, the last state in the Union to do so.
1929	Tɛmplet:Country data Persia	Slavery abolished and criminalized.^[171]
1930	Tɛmplet:Country data League of Nations	Forced Labour Convention.
		Forced Labour (Indirect Compulsion) Recommendation
		Forced Labour (Regulation) Recommendation
1932	Tɛmplet:Country data League of Nations	Committee of Experts on Slavery appointed.
1934	Tɛmplet:Country data League of Nations	Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery appointed.
1935	Tɛmplet:Country data Ethiopian Empire Ethiopia	The invading Italian General Emilio De Bono claims to have abolished slavery in the Ethiopian Empire.^[172]
1936	Tɛmplet:Country data League of Nations	Elimination of Recruiting Recommendation
1936	Northern Nigeria	Slavery abolished.^[173]
1936	Bechuanaland	Slavery abolished.^[174]
1937	Bahrain	Slavery abolished.^[175]
1937	Tɛmplet:Country data League of Nations	Public Works (International Co-operation) Recommendation
1941	United States	Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Circular 3591 abolishing all forms of convict leasing.
1945	Occupied Germany	Millions of forced labourers and slaves are freed after the fall of the Third Reich; see forced labour under German rule during World War II.
1945	Tɛmplet:Country data Japanese Empire	Millions of forced labourers and sex slaves are freed after the defeat of the Japanese Empire; see comfort women, rōmusha, East Asia Development Board.
1946	Occupied Germany	Fritz Sauckel, Nazi official responsible for procuring forced labor in occupied Europe during World War II, is convicted of crimes against humanity and hanged.^[176]
1946	Tɛmplet:Country data French Sudan	Beginning of large slave defections encouraged by the French Fourth Republic and the Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally party.
1948	Tɛmplet:Country data United Nations	Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares slavery contrary to human rights.^[177]
1949	Tɛmplet:Country data Kuwait	Slavery abolished.^[175]

1950–1999

Date	Jurisdiction	Description
1950	Tɛmplet:Country data United Nations	Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery.
1952	Tɛmplet:Country data Qatar	Slavery abolished.^[178]^[179]
1953	Australia Canada Liberia Tɛmplet:Country data New Zealand South Africa Switzerland United Kingdom	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1954	Afghanistan Austria Cuba Denmark Egypt Tɛmplet:Country data Finland India Italy Mexico Tɛmplet:Country data Monaco Sweden Tɛmplet:Country data Syria
1955	Ecuador Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Greece Greece Tɛmplet:Country data Kingdom of Iraq Iraq Tɛmplet:Country data Israel Netherlands Tɛmplet:Country data Pakistan Philippines		Tɛmplet:Country data Republic of China Turkey
1956	Tɛmplet:Country data United Nations	Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery.
1956	Tɛmplet:Country data Byelorussian SSR Byelorussia^[180] Soviet Union United States South Vietnam	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1957	Tɛmplet:Country data United Nations	The Abolition of Forced Labour Convention eliminates some exceptions admitted in the 1930 Forced Labour Convention.
1957	Albania Tɛmplet:Country data Libya Tɛmplet:Country data Burma Tɛmplet:Country data Norway Romania Tɛmplet:Country data Sudan	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1958	Tɛmplet:Country data Bhutan	Slavery abolished.^[181]
1958	Hungary Tɛmplet:Country data Ceylon	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1959	Tɛmplet:Country data Jordan Morocco Tɛmplet:Country data Ukrainian SSR Ukraine^[182]	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1960	Tɛmplet:Country data Niger	Slavery abolished.^[183]
1960	Mali	First president Modibo Keita makes the effective abolition of slavery a prominent goal of the government. However, his efforts are largely abandoned during the dictatorship of Moussa Traoré (1968–1991).
1961	Nigeria	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1961	Morocco	Slavery abolished under Moroccan Constitution, although domestic slave practices continued.^[164]
1962	Tɛmplet:Country data Saudi Arabia	Slavery abolished.^[178]
	Tɛmplet:Country data North Yemen	Slavery abolished.^[178]
	Belgium Sierra Leone Tɛmplet:Country data Tanganyika (1961–1964)	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1963	Algeria France Guinea Tɛmplet:Country data Kuwait Tɛmplet:Country data Nepal	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1964	Tɛmplet:Country data Trucial States	Slavery abolished.^{[lower-alpha 1]}
1964	Tɛmplet:Country data Jamaica Tɛmplet:Country data Madagascar Tɛmplet:Country data Niger Uganda	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1965	Tɛmplet:Country data Malawi
1966	Brazil Malta Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia
1966	Tɛmplet:Country data United Nations	International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
1966	Tɛmplet:Country data United Nations	First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
1967	Tɛmplet:Country data South Yemen	Slavery abolished.^[185]
1968	Tɛmplet:Country data Mongolia	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1969	Tɛmplet:Country data Ethiopian Empire Ethiopia Tɛmplet:Country data Mauritius	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1970	Oman	Slavery abolished.^[186]
1972	Tɛmplet:Country data Fiji	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1973	West Germany Mali Tɛmplet:Country data Saudi Arabia Tɛmplet:Country data Zambia
1974	Tɛmplet:Country data Lesotho
1976	Tɛmplet:Country data Bahamas Tɛmplet:Country data Barbados
1976	Tɛmplet:Country data Kentucky	Thirteenth Amendment ratified.
1981	Mauritania	Slavery abolished,^[187]^[188] though the ban was not enforced and many people continued to be held as slaves.^[189]
1981	Tɛmplet:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Tɛmplet:Country data Solomon Islands	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1982	Tɛmplet:Country data Papua New Guinea
1983	Bolivia Guatemala
1984	Cameroon
1985	Tɛmplet:Country data Bangladesh
1986	Tɛmplet:Country data Cyprus Mauritania Tɛmplet:Country data Nicaragua
1987	Tɛmplet:Country data North Yemen
1990	Tɛmplet:Country data Bahrain Tɛmplet:Country data Saint Lucia
1992	Tɛmplet:Country data Croatia
1993	Tɛmplet:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina
1994	Tɛmplet:Country data Dominica
1995	Chile
1995	Tɛmplet:Country data Mississippi	The Mississippi Legislature unanimously votes to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution after a clerk discovers it never had. It is the last eligible state in the union to do so. However, state officials fail to send the required documentation to the state register.^[190]
1996	Azerbaijan	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1997	Tɛmplet:Country data Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
1998	Ghana	Forced ritual servitude of girls in Ewe shrines banned.
1998	Tɛmplet:Country data United Nations	Rome Statute

2000–zaŋ kana zuŋɔ

Date	Jurisdiction	Description
2001	Tɛmplet:Country data Serbia and Montenegro Yugoslavia Uruguay	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
2003	Tɛmplet:Country data Niger	Slavery criminalized.^[183]
2006	Tɛmplet:Country data Montenegro	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
2006	Mali	Temedt, an organization against slavery and the discrimination of former slaves, is founded in Essakane.
2007	Mauritania	Slavery criminalized.^[191]
2007	Paraguay	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
2008	Kazakhstan	1926 Slavery Convention ratified.
2009	United Kingdom	Section 71 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.^[192]
2010	Tɛmplet:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Slavery criminalized.^[193]
2013	Tɛmplet:Country data Mississippi	Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment legally recorded.^[190]
2014	Tɛmplet:Country data United Nations	Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention
2014	Tɛmplet:Country data United Nations	Forced Labour (Supplementary Measures) Recommendation
2015	United Kingdom	Modern Slavery Act 2015.^[194]
2017	Navajo Nation	Criminalization of human trafficking.^[195]
2017	Tɛmplet:Country data Chad	Slavery criminalized.^[196]
2018	Tɛmplet:Country data Colorado	Prison exception removed from Colorado's constitutional ban on slavery.^[197]
2019	Iraq Tɛmplet:Country data Syria	Defeat and debellatio of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant leads to the freeing of thousands of slaves, including Yazidi and Christian sex slaves.^[198]^[199]^[200]
2020	Tɛmplet:Country data Utah Tɛmplet:Country data Nebraska	Prison exception removed from both states' constitutional ban on slavery.^[201]^[202]
2022	Tɛmplet:Country data Alabama Tɛmplet:Country data Oregon Tɛmplet:Country data Tennessee Tɛmplet:Country data Vermont	Prison exception removed from the states' constitutional ban on slavery.^[203]
Present	Worldwide	Although slavery is now abolished de jure in all countries,^[204]^[205] de facto practices akin to it continue today in many places throughout the world,^[206]^[207]^[208]^[209] almost exclusively in Asia and Africa.^{[citation needed]}

Noosi

↑ Maps | Global Slavery Index.
↑ Isidore Singer, Joseph Jacobs: SLAVE-TRADE jewishencyclopedia.com, accessed 30 August 2019
↑ Paul Fouracre, Richard A. Gerberding (1996), Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720, Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-7190-4791-9, p. 97–99 & 111.
↑ Denzinger, Heinrich P. (2012). Compendium of Creeds, Definitions, and Declarations on Matters of Faith and Morals. Santa Francisco, California: Ignatius Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-89870-746-5.
↑ Novel 59 of Leo VI the Wise, D. Karampelas (ed.), Legal History Resources, Patakis Publishers, 2008 [Δ. Καράμπελας (επιμ.), Πηγές Ιστορίας του Δικαίου, Εκδόσεις Πατάκη, 2008], p. 68-69
↑ Junius P. Rodriguez (1 January 1997). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. ABC-CLIO. pp. 392–393. ISBN 978-0-87436-885-7.
↑ Breuker, Remco E. Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918–1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty. BRILL. p. 150. ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4.
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↑ "Four states voted to abolish slavery, but not Louisiana. Here's why" (en-GB). BBC News. 2022-11-10. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63578133.
↑ Kevin Bales (2004). New Slavery: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-85109-815-6.
↑ Shelley K. White; Jonathan M. White; Kathleen Odell Korgen (27 May 2014). Sociologists in Action on Inequalities: Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality. SAGE Publications. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4833-1147-0.
↑ 30 million people still live in slavery, human rights group says. NBC News (17 October 2013).
↑ Modern-day slavery: an explainer (3 April 2013).
↑ Ethics – Slavery: Modern Slavery. BBC.
↑ Aziz, Omer; Hussain, Murtaza (5 January 2014). "Qatar's Showcase of Shame". https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/06/opinion/qatars-showcase-of-shame.html.

References

External links

Timeline – What happened before 1807? The Royal Naval Museum
Timeline – What happened after 1807? The Royal Naval Museum
Slavery and Abolition The National Archives
American Abolitionists and Antislavery Activists, comprehensive list of abolitionist and anti-slavery activists and organizations in the United States, including US and international anti-slavery timelines.

↑ Except Abu Dhabi, the rest of the Trucial States officially abolished slavery by a joint declaration in 1956. Abu Dhabi officially abolished it in 1963.^[184]

A chirim ya: &It;ref> tuma maa yi laɣingu din yuli nyɛ "lower-alpha", ka lee bi saɣiritiri $It;references group ="lower-alpha"/> tuka maa bon nya

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[key-175] 1 2 Key dates in chronology of abolitions.

[176] The trial of German major war criminals : proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting at Nuremberg Germany.

[177] Universal Declaration of Human Rights. United Nations (10 December 1948). “Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948 ... Article 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

[1962abolition-178] 1 2 BBC – Religions – Islam: Slavery in Islam. BBC.

[179] Hay, Rupert (1952). "(Draft) Ala'n on Slavery". FO 371/98464: Abolition of slavery in Qatar; Saudi Arabia's request for return of runaway slaves; Sultan of Oman's protest over Buraimi slave trade; no formal abolition of slavery in Trucial States. Code EA file 2181. Bahrain. p. 7. And whereas it is our intention to ensure an equitable social system of life to all our subjects, We, Ali bin Abdullah bin Jasim al Thani, Ruler of Qatar hereby proclaim that – 1. Slavery shall be abolished in all territories under our jurisdiction as from the 10th day of April, 1952

[180] The Byelorussian SSR and the USSR had separate representation at the UN.

[181] "Bhutan: Things you may not have known about the country". BBC News. 14 April 2016. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36041907.

[182] The Ukrainian SSR and the USSR had separate representation at the UN.

[NigerSlavery-183] 1 2 Niger slavery: Background (28 October 2008).

[184] T. F., Brenchley (27 May 1965). "The Trucial States". FO 371/179785: Slavery in the Persian Gulf. p. 8. Retrieved 4 July 2022.

[186] Miers, Suzanne (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Rowman Altamira. ISBN 9780759103405. Retrieved 17 May 2019.

[187] Miers, Suzanne (21 March 2018). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Rowman Altamira. ISBN 9780759103405. Retrieved 21 March 2018 – via Google Books.

[188] Slavery in Mauritania Archived 23 Silimin gɔli March 2010 at the Wayback Machine

[189] Bales, Kevin (2004). Disposable People. University of California Press. ISBN 0520243846.

[190] "Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law". BBC News. 9 August 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6938032.stm.

[calendar.eji.org-191] 1 2 Mar. 16, 1995 | Mississippi Ratifies Abolition of Slavery, 130 Years After its Adoption.

[192] Slavery's last stronghold. CNN.com (16 March 2012). Retrieved 20 March 2012.

[193] Coroners and Justice Act 2009.

[194] Human rights in Tindouf refugee camp.

[195] Modern Slavery Act 2015.

[196] Navajo Sign Law Criminalizing Human Trafficking – Indian Country Media Network.

[197] Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. Refworld | 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report – Chad.

[198] Colorado Abolishes Prison Slavery in Huge Win for Prisoners Rights. Microsoft News (7 November 2018).

[199] Life Under Islamic State: Child Slaves (12 November 2019).

[200] Callimachi, Rukmini (27 July 2017). "Freed From ISIS, Yazidi Women Return in 'Severe Shock'". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/27/world/middleeast/isis-yazidi-women-rape-iraq-mosul-slavery.html.

[201] Five years a slave of Islamic State.

[202] Rose, Josh (3 November 2020). "Utahns vote to remove slavery as a punishment for a crime from constitution". ABC4. https://www.abc4.com/news/election/utahns-vote-to-remove-slavery-as-a-punishment-for-a-crime-from-constitution/.

[203] Ulcinaite, Ruta (4 November 2020). "Nebraska votes to remove slavery language from state constitution". News Now Omaha. https://www.3newsnow.com/news/election-2020/nebraska-votes-to-remove-slavery-language-from-state-constitution.

[204] "Four states voted to abolish slavery, but not Louisiana. Here's why" (en-GB). BBC News. 2022-11-10. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63578133.

[205] Kevin Bales (2004). New Slavery: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-85109-815-6.

[206] Shelley K. White; Jonathan M. White; Kathleen Odell Korgen (27 May 2014). Sociologists in Action on Inequalities: Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality. SAGE Publications. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4833-1147-0.

[207] 30 million people still live in slavery, human rights group says. NBC News (17 October 2013).

[208] Modern-day slavery: an explainer (3 April 2013).

[209] Ethics – Slavery: Modern Slavery. BBC.

[210] Aziz, Omer; Hussain, Murtaza (5 January 2014). "Qatar's Showcase of Shame". https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/06/opinion/qatars-showcase-of-shame.html.

[185] Except Abu Dhabi, the rest of the Trucial States officially abolished slavery by a joint declaration in 1956. Abu Dhabi officially abolished it in 1963.^[184]

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