Slavery in Haiti
Slavery in Haiti ni pili saha shɛli bi yi polo amaa di tiŋ'bihi n-nyɛ ban daa pili li di ni daa niŋ ka European kpe ni yuuni 1492. European nim daa nyɛla ban mali lala tiŋ ŋɔ nim tumdi tuma ka di pa la bɛ suhuyurilim puuni hali ka dori bimbirili daa ti lu ni. Lala zaŋ tuma tuma ŋɔ nyaaŋa, daba shɛba bɛ ni daa gbahi nyɛla bɛ ni daa zaŋ shɛba duri tiŋ'duya 16th century. Zaŋ chaŋ 17th century piligu Saint-Domingue (saha ŋɔ bɛ ni booni shɛli Haiti) daa nyɛla daba tiŋa, ka ban daa be din ni pam daa nyɛ ban be da'lim ni.[1]
Haiti n-nyɛ tiŋa din do buyi zuɣu dab'tali polo.[2]
Taarihi
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Spanish Hispaniola (1492–1625)
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Taino tiŋ'bihi ban be island maa ni ka bɛ ni tooi boli ba Hispaniola daa taɣi deei Christopher Columbus mini o niriba saha shɛli bɛ ni daa paai island maa ni Anashaara goli October 1492.[3] Pre-Columbian era saha, Caribbean bali shɛba daa liriti la island n-gbahiri daba.[4] European nim daa zaŋli mi n-niŋ daabiligu .[5]
European daa ti pa malila daba ŋɔ kɔri boraade ni lache nima zaa.[6]Bɛ daa lahi mirisiriba mi ka bɛ gbiri salimanima.[7]
Bɛ nahimbu ŋɔ ni, bɛ shɛba daa ti nyɛla ban yina ŋme ka fa bi maŋa.[8][9] Spanish nim ŋɔ daa zaŋ di samyoo ti bɛ ni daa na gbubi shɛba bɛ nuuni lka di nyɛla bɛ daa chami ka bɛ gberi kum.[8] Yuuni 1495, Spaniards daa lahi ʒi ni tiŋ'bihi paai kɔbisinu chaŋ Spain n-ti gbubi ba daba, amaa niriba kɔbishi daa bi tooi tiligi lala dabilim ŋɔ ni, ka bɛ shɛba daa kpi din nyaaŋa.[10][11]
Taino niriba ban daa be island pɔi ka Columbus ti kpe ni kalinli bi yi polo –buɣisibu wuhila tuhi gbaliŋ zaŋ chaŋ miliyɔŋ dibaa anii [12] Yuuni 1492 zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1494 sunsuuni, salo maa vaabu ban daa be island daa nyɛla ban kpi ka zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1514, vaabu 92% ban daa be island daa kpi.[6][13]
Spanish missionary Bartolomé de las Casas spoke out against enslavement of the natives and the brutality of the Spaniards.[14] Las Casas' campaign led to an official end of the enslavement of Tainos in 1542; however, it was replaced by the African slave trade.[14]
Saint Domingue (1625–1789)
Reparations for slavery in Haiti
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Yuuni 2004, Haitian gɔmnanti daa ʒimi ni France labi yo Haiti doola miliyɔŋ gbaliŋ bini din gbaai yuuni 1825 mini yuuni 1947 sunsuuni.[18]
Lihi pahi
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Kundivihira
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]- ↑ Kevin Filan (2007). The Haitian Vodou Handbook. Destiny Books. p. 14.
- ↑ Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements (en-US).
- 1 2 Meltzer 1971, p. 105.
- ↑ Rodriguez 2007, p. 227.
- ↑ Blackburn 1998, p. 137.
- 1 2 Rodriguez 2007, p. 499.
- ↑ Rodriguez 2007, pp. 227–228.
- 1 2 Meltzer 1971, p. 106.
- ↑ Rodriguez 2007, p. 500.
- ↑ Chrisp 2006, p. 34.
- ↑ Thomas, Hugh (16 April 2013). The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440–1870. Simon and Schuster. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-4767-3745-4.
- ↑ Rodriguez 1997, p. 606, 626.
- ↑ Accilien et al. 2003, p. 2.
- 1 2 Ferguson 1988, pp. 1–2.
- ↑ Henley, Jon (14 January 2010). Haiti: a long descent to hell (en).
- ↑ Clammer, Paul, (2016) Bradt Travel Guide – Haiti, p. 13
- ↑ When Haiti paid France for freedom: The greatest heist in history (2 July 2020).
- ↑ Copied from the article External debt of Haiti
Maŋmaŋ lahabali
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]- Abbott, E. (2011). Haiti: A Shattered Nation. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1-4683-0160-1. Retrieved 21 February 2013 – via Google Books.
- Abbot, E. (2010). Sugar: A Bittersweet History. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1-59020-772-7. Retrieved 5 March 2013 – via Google Books.
- Accilien, Cécile; Adams, Jessica; Méléance, Elmide (2006). Revolutionary Freedoms: A History of Survival, Strength and Imagination in Haiti. Educa Vision Inc. ISBN 978-1-58432-293-1. Retrieved 21 February 2013 – via Google Books.
- Adamson, E.M. (2007). MUDHA: History of Haitian and Dominican-Haitian Women's Organizing in the Dominican Republic. ISBN 978-0-549-13413-8. Retrieved 27 February 2013 – via Google Books.
- Blackburn, R. (1998). The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern,1492–1800. Verso Books. p. 459. ISBN 978-1-85984-195-2 – via Google Books.
- Chrisp, P. (2006). DK Discoveries: Christopher Columbus. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-7566-8616-1. Retrieved 5 March 2013 – via Google Books.
- Dubois, L. (2012). Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books.
- Ferguson, J. (1988). Papa Doc, Baby Doc: Haiti and the Duvaliers. John Wiley & Sons, Limited. ISBN 978-0-631-16579-8. Retrieved 22 February 2013 – via Google Books.
- Ferrer, A. (2014). Freedom's Mirror: Cuba and Haiti in the Age of Revolution. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-14799-3 – via Google Books.
- Loewen, J.W. (2008). Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. The New Press. ISBN 978-1-59558-326-0. Retrieved 21 February 2013 – via Google Books.
- Meltzer, M. (1971). Slavery: A World History. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80536-3. Retrieved 21 February 2013 – via Google Books.
- Nicholls, D. (1996). From Dessalines to Duvalier: Race, Colour, and National Independence in Haiti. Rutgers University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8135-2240-1.
- Palmiotto, M.J. (2014). Combating Human Trafficking: A Multidisciplinary Approach. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4822-4039-9 – via Google Books.
- Reinhardt, C.A. (2008). Claims to Memory: Beyond Slavery and Emancipation in the French Caribbean. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-84545-412-8. Retrieved 19 March 2013 – via Google Books.
- Renda, M.A. (2001). Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U.S. Imperialism, 1915-1940. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-6218-6. Retrieved 21 February 2013 – via Google Books.
- Rodriguez, J.P. (1997). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. 1. A - K. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-87436-885-7. Retrieved 2 October 2015 – via Google Books.
- Rodriguez, J.P. (2007). Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33272-2. Retrieved 3 March 2013 – via Google Books.
- Skinner, E.B. (2008). A Crime So Monstrous: Face-to-Face with Modern-Day Slavery. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-9007-4 – via Google Books.
- Sommerfelt, T.; Pederson, J. (2011). "Child labor in Haiti". In Hindman, H.D. (ed.). The World of Child Labor: An Historical and Regional Survey. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-2647-9. Retrieved 22 February 2013 – via Google Books.