Slavery in Angola
Slavery in Angola daa nyɛla din beni n yuui pam pɔi ni 15th century bahigu ka Portugal naa yi ti niŋ ningbuna ni ninuɣ'shɛba daa be luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni pa booni Northwest lala tiŋgbani yaɣili ŋɔ, ka doli daabiligu soya pam lala teeku yaɣili ŋɔ. Lala niriba ŋɔ ni shɛba, kamani Imbangala[1] mini Mbundu,[2] daa nyɛla ba mali nimmohi pam slave traders zaŋti Slavery in Africa. Zaŋ chaŋ 16th century, Kingdom of Portugal daa nyɛ biɛhigu sheei Luanda, ka daa naan yi ti bo daabiligu soya Cuanza River n-ti lahi pahi Atlantic teeku south polo zaŋ hali ni Benguela. Daabiligu maa zaa yaa daa dalim la Atlantic slave trade.[3] Daba nahimbu daa zani tariga yuuni 1836, Portuguese kpamba n daa zali tariga.[4]
Taarihi
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Trade and conquest
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Portuguese Empire daa ŋmemi dee Mbundu nirba ban be Angola, ka zaŋ bɛ daabiligu kpehi Atlantic slave trade ni.[5] Yuuni 1610, Friar Luís Brandão, Portuguese zuɣulana Luanda Jesuit college, daa sabi ti Jesuit ŋun daa bɔhiri halisi tali din be Ango tiŋ'bihi daba gbahibu ni, ka yɛra, "Di maŋmaŋa biɛla din ni yuun pihinahi ka niriba pam bɔhim Brazil yaɣili. O daa yɛliya ni niriba bela ko n-yɛn bɛ ni sɔɣi gbahi dab'shɛba, ka Portuguese daa tooi mali ba leeri Dolodolo nima.[6] Angola daa zaŋdi daba kamani tuhi kɔbiga yiri yuuni 1612 yuuni kam.[7]Portuguese daa mɛla shitimanima zaashe palli Benguela yuuni 1616 ni di yɛligi Portugal soya ni Angola daba.[8] Yuuni 1617 zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1621, Luís Mendes de Vasconcellos gɔmnanti saha, kamani 50,000 Angolans ka bɛ daa gbahiri daba ka ʒiriba chani Americas.[9] Vergulde Valck, Dutch slave-traders,daa dala daba kɔbisiyɔbu ni pisopɔin ni anu daba tuhili shɛba bɛ ni daa kɔhi Angola yuuni 1660.[10][11]
Kamani 18th mini 19th centuries, Angola daba n daa kuli nyɛ bɛ ni mirisiri shɛba niŋdi Atlantic slave trade ni.[12]
After independence from Portugal
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Angola ni deei maŋsulinsi Portugal naai yuuni 1975, Angolan Civil War (1975–2002) ni, ban daa ka nam ni, (UNITA), ni gɔmnanti, daa ,malila bihi baa nyɛ linjimanima chani tɔbu ni. Bɛ buɣisiya ni kamani bihi tuhi pia ni yini daa chaŋ tɔbu maa ni.[13][14]
Lihi pahi
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Kundivihira
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]- ↑ African involvement in Atlantic Slave Trade. Kwaku Person-Lynn.
- ↑ Mbundu, Onwuka N. Njoku, PH D Njoku, The Rosen Publishing Group, 1997 ISBN 0-8239-2004-6 ISBN 978-0-8239-2004-4
- ↑ Joseph C. Miller, Way of Death: Merchant capitalism and the Angolan slave trade, Madison: Wisconsin University Press, 1996
- ↑ ANGOLA IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY - Slave Trading in the 1700s, "From the late sixteenth century until 1836, when Portugal abolished slave trafficking, Angola may have been the source of as many as 2 million slaves for the New World. More than half of these went to Brazil, nearly a third to the Caribbean, and from 10 to 15 percent to the Río de la Plata area on the southeastern coast of South America." countrystudies.com (Source: U.S. Library of Congress)
- ↑ Njoku, Onwuka N. (1997). Mbundu. Rosen Pub. pp. 38–39. ISBN 9780823920044.
- ↑ Alden, Dauril (1996). The Making of an Enterprise. p. 510.
- ↑ Stearns, Peter N.; William Leonard Langer (2001). The Encyclopedia of World History. p. 394.
- ↑ Newitt, Malyn D. D. (2005). A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400-1668. London and New York: Routledge. p. 170. ISBN 0-203-32404-8.
- ↑ Landers, Jane G.; Robinson, Barry M., eds. (2006). Slaves, Subjects, and Subversives: Blacks in Colonial Latin America. New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780826323972.
- ↑ Heywood, Linda Marinda; John Kelly Thornton (2007). Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660. p. 44.
- ↑ Vansina, Jan (1990). Paths in the Rainforests. p. 202.
- ↑ Archived copy.
- ↑ No-one fighting for Angola's child soldiers, BBC News
- ↑ Tɛmplet:Usurped