Slave ship
Slave ships daa nyɛla " cargo ships" kara ka bɛ daa mali li 17th zaŋ chaŋ 19th century ka di nyɛla daba ka bɛ daa mali li n-vara. Bɛ daa lahi booni la lala shitimanima ŋɔ "Guineamen" ka di nyɛla daabiligu maa ni daa lahi chani ni nisalinima fitiina niŋbu Guinea coast din be West Africa.[2]
Atlantic slave trade
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Zaŋ chaŋ 17th century, di daa gari yuun pia Europeans ni daa chaŋ Americas,[3] n-ti bɔri ni bɛ mali dab n tumdi tuma. Atlantic slave trade daa nyɛla di du zuɣussaa 18th century bahigu polo, Kongo Civil War saha mini di naabu nyaaŋa.[4]
Bɛ ni daa yɛn niŋ shɛ ka nyɔri be din ni, ban daa su shitimanima maa daa pirila tuma maa bu shɛm, ka bɛ ni tooi ʒi daba pam bɛ yaa tariga, dehydration, dysentery, ni scurvy daa kurila daba pam kamani vaabu pinaanu[5] ni kamani bɛ ni daa gbahi shɛba buta ni.[6]
Shitimanima maa soya pam daa yila north-western mini western teeku polo Africa zaŋ chaŋ South America mini south-east teeku yaɣili din nyɛ bɛ ni pa booni shɛli United States, ni Caribbean. Kamani Africa miliyɔŋ pishi ka bɛ daa mali shitima maa ʒira.[7]
Lihi pahi
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Kundivihira
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]- ↑ Walvin 2011, p. 27.
- ↑ "Guineaman" at Oxford English Dictionary; retrieved 24 October 2017
- ↑ Native Americans Prior to 1492. Historycentral.com. Retrieved on 3 December 2015.
- ↑ Thornton, John (1998). Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1800 (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 304–5. ISBN 978-0-521-62217-2.
- ↑ Mancke, Elizabeth and Shammas, Carole. The Creation of the British Atlantic World. 2005, pages 30–1
- ↑ History: The Middle Passages. The Middle Passage – A Slave Ship Speaks: The Wreck of the Henrietta Marie.. Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Society, Inc..
- ↑ Shillington, Kevin (2007). "Abolition and the Africa Trade". History Today 57 (3): 20–27.
Further reading
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]- Baroja, Pio (2002). Los pilotos de altura. Madrid: Anaya. ISBN 978-84-667-1681-9.
- Costello, R. (2012). Black salt : seafarers of African descent on British ships. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-1-84631-767-5. OCLC 801365216.
- Hochschild, Adam (2006). Bury the chains : the British struggle to abolish slavery. London: Pan. ISBN 0-330-48581-4. OCLC 62225209.
- Rediker, Marcus (2007). The Slave Ship: A Human History. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-01823-9. Archived from the original on 31 March 2012.
- Walvin, James (2011). The Zong : a massacre, the law and the end of slavery. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-18075-6. OCLC 758389538.
External links
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ] |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Slave ships. |
- Paper on German Transatlantic trade, including list of slave ships (in German)
- Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice
- UNESCO — The Slave Route
- Voyages — The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database
- Slave Ships and the Middle Passage
- The Slave Trade
- Bristol UK Slave Ship Muster Roles
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