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Osei Kofi Tutu I

Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
Osei Kofi Tutu I
Asantihini

1701 - 1717 - Opoku Ware I (en) Translate →
Dɔɣim yuliOsei Kofi Tutu
Anyinam (en) Translate, 1660
O ya TiŋgbaŋAshanti Empire (en) Translate
Kpibu shee1717
BaOwusu Panyin
MaMaanu Kotosii
Bia
Tizo
DaŋOyoko (clan) (en) Translate
Education
Bala yɛlibu, sabbu bee buɣisibukambonsili
Tuma
TumaAsantihini ni naa
King Asantehene Osei Tutu II of Ashanti-Asanteman
Ashanti King Otumfour Osei Tutu II

Osei Kofi Tutu I (c. 1660 – c. 1717) nyɛla ninvuɣ'shaba ban daa kpa Ashanti Empire la ni yino ka ŋun daa sɔŋ n daa nyɛ Okonfo Anokye, o buɣilana. O nyɛla ŋun daa gari tooni n-zaŋ Ashante nima n-daa tuhi Denkyira, "regional hegemon" ka daa nya nasara bɛ zuɣu, yuuni 1701 tɔbu shɛli be ni daa boli "battle of feyiase" la ŋuna n-daa nyɛ Naa n-zaŋ n-ti Kwaman State bin din gbaai yuuni 1680 mini yuuni 1701 sunsuuni n-ti pahi Ashanti Empire, bin din gbaai yuuni 1701 zaŋ hali ni yuuni 1717. O ni daa nyɛ Kanbonsi zaa Naa, o nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ Akan tiŋsi n-laɣim taba ka nyɛ ŋun daa piligi kariŋ zɔna zaŋ n-ti gominanti ka di nyɛ din daa beni kamani yuun' kɔbishii zuɣu.

Piligu biɛhigu

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Dɔɣim

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Osei Kofi Tutu Opemsoo nyɛla bɛ ni daa dɔɣi so c.yuuni 1660 tiŋa yuli booni Kokofu Anyinam ka di nyɛ din be Ashanti Region din bɛ Ghana.[1] O ba n-daa nyɛ Owusu Panyin, Akan bilichini ŋun daa yina Nyameani.[2] ka o ma mi daa nyɛ Maanu Kotosii ŋun daa nyɛ Omanhene n-zaŋ nti Kwaaman Oti Akenten mini ŋun daa nyɛ o fadira Obiri Yeboa tizopaɣa .[3][4]

Lahabali nyela din daa yina wuhi ni Osei Tutu ma nyela ŋun daa bi dɔɣira, ni o tizodoo Obiri Yeboa n-nye ŋun daa zaŋ o chaŋ buɣili din yuli daa booni Otutu ŋɔ ni ka di daa nye din be Akuapem.[4] Din daa niŋ ka Kotosii daa ti dɔɣi bia maa o daa nyela ŋun boli o Tutu, o daa zaŋ la buɣili maa yuli maa n-zaŋ n-ti bia maa yuli.[5] Pirim la Akan nima ni nye ban diri mayili fali la zuɣu, Osei Tutu n-nyɛ ŋun daa di Kwaaman nam fali.[4]

Saha shɛli puuni o ni daa na m be Denkyira kootu puuni

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Lahabali biɛla n-nye din bɛni n zaŋ n-ti Osei Tutu bilim ni saha ka lala lahabali ŋɔ nyɛ saha shɛli o ni daa ti paai yuuni pinaayɔbu, yuun' shɛli Akan dabba ni daa lɛbiri bidib'kpema. O ŋahiba, Oti Akenten nyɛla ŋun daa zaŋ o n-tahi Abankeseso, tiŋzuɣu zaŋ n-ti Denkyiraman.[6] Dinbɔŋɔ nyela din daa bi niŋ alahiʒiba dama Denkyira nyela ŋun daa tu ni o bɔhim nam maa yɛltɔɣa, dini n-daa lahi yɛn chɛ ka o bɔhim "statecraft" mini soojanima tɔbu tuhibu baŋsim.[5][4] O tuma maa puuni shɛli be daa ti chɛ ka o leeigi "shield-bearer" n zaŋ n-ti Denkyirahene.[7] O nyela ŋun daa gahim n yi o konko ka che Sehwi niriba maa amaa ka nyɛ ŋun daa yiɣisi Naa Boamponsem suhi dini daa ti niŋ ka o zaɣisi ni o ku zaŋ li n-ti o.[8]

Nyaan'zubo mini zo n chaŋ Akwamu

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Noli lahabali taarihi nyɛla din wuhi ni Osei Tutu nyɛla ŋun daa viɛlli pam. O daa pili biehigu ni o tizopaɣa zaŋ Denkyirahene tizopaɣa nabipuɣigi ŋun yuli daa booni (Ohene nuabaa) Akobena Abensua. [5] Lahabali shɛli nyɛla din wuhi ni o mini Napaɣa zaŋ n-ti Nkawie, Adoma Akosua n-daa nyɛ ban daa laɣiri taba.[9] Di nyɛla din daa niŋ ninmohi din daa niŋ ka Nabipuɣingi ŋɔ daa ti zali tahima ka ŋuma ŋuma nyɛ din daa yina wuhiri lala bia ŋɔ ba ni nyɛ so. Di dabiɛm zuɣu Osei Tutu daa nyɛla ŋun daa yi n labi Akwamu.[5][4]

O Akwamu biɛhigu

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O ni daa paai Akwamu kootu kootu shɛli din yuli daa nyɛ ''court of Ansa Saseraku I'' din be Akwamufie, bɛ nyɛla ban daa taɣi bɛ nuhi ayi n deegi o ka be daliri daa nyɛla o viɛllim zuɣu,[5] bee o ni daa tabi Denkyira la zuɣu.[4] Osei Tutu nyɛla ŋun daa bɔhim soojanima tɔbu tuhibu baŋsim Akwamu, ban nyɛ ban daa mi lala soojanima ŋɔ tɔbu tuhibu baŋsim pam Akan state, ka nyɛ ban daa mali yaa pam n zaŋ n-ti musketmen.[10]

Neesim nyɛla din kani wuhiri ni Osei Tutu nyɛla ŋun daa laɣim ni Okomfo Anokye. Di ni tooi daa nyɛla Denkyira ka Anokye nyɛ ŋun daa chaŋ n-ti pahi Osei Tutu sani Kwaman,[11] bee bɛ daa laɣim la Akwamu.[5][12] Amaa saha shɛli Osei Tutu ni daa yi Akwamu, bɛ niriba ayi ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa pun laɣim n daa leei zori ni taba.[13]

O ni nyɛ Kwamanhene

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Kwamanhene daa nyɛla ŋun kpuɣi niya ni o ʒi taɣibu pam na o ʒileli ni, ka daa lihi niriba ban daa miri o kamani Denkyira mini Akwamu ka di kpaŋasiri o.[5][4][14] O niya daa nyɛla o kpa linjimannima ban mali yaa, ka daa lahi laɣimba ka bɛ niŋ zaɣi yini.[15]

Taɣibunima

Osei Tutu daa zaŋla binyɛr'shɛŋa din yɛn kpaŋsi biɛhigu pahi. Afotosanfoɔ n daa nyɛ ŋun sɔŋdi nam maa ni liɣiri.[16] Asokwa Batahene n daa guri li, Adwumfuohene ŋun daa nyɛ machela, ni Sanaa gba daa lahi nyɛla ŋun daa be liɣiri sɔŋsim ni.[17] Gyase daa nyɛla ŋun tumdi tuma nayili maa.[18]

Osei Tutu daa nyɛla ŋun zaŋ dɛma taɣi Kwaman nam linjima nam maa, ka taɣa Denkyira linjima biɛhigu.[5] O daa namla linjimanim kparobɔɣiri ayopɔin, ka waligi ka che naama din daa pun beni. Linjimanima ban daa ʒi kuɣu maa zuɣu n daa gari tooni ka di niŋ: linjima kpamba ban daa beni, doo (adonten), ŋun daa tumdi tiri naa maa (gyase), (kyidom), ŋun daa za nuzaa polo (benkum), ŋun daa za nudirigu polo (nifa), ni kpem ŋun daa pahiri ayi (akwamuhene).[19][20] Osei Tutu daa lahi bo ban pe n-gili Akwamu musketmen, ni ban daa lahi be Oyoko zuiyanim ni.[21]

Yɛligibu

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Lala taɣibunim ŋɔ ni daa pili, Osei Tutu daa niŋ nimmohi ni o yɛligi o tiŋgbani. O ni daa zaŋ yuma ata mali shili naai, o daa chaŋmi n-ti liri Dormaa ka daa tuhi nyaŋba.[11][22] Zaŋ hali ka 1680s daa ti naai, o daa lahi laɣim Tafo, Kaase, Offinso, Sehwi ni Anakrom, ka zaŋ o talahinima n ti ban nyɛ Oyoko nima tiŋgbani ni 'Amantoo' tinsi ni - Kokofu, Nsuta, Bekwai, Juaben, nti pahi Mampong.[23][24][21] Osei Tutu's niya daa nyɛmi ni o yɛligi bilichiinsi n-ti sokam, ka bɛ doli bɛ so ni pii shɛli - dina n daa ti niŋ talahi pam Asante zalisi ni.[25]

Denkyira nahingiu saha, daabiligu daa bi yɛligi pam bɛ zuliya ni. Zaŋ chaŋ 1690s sunsuuni Kwaman daa mali shili ni bɛ tuhi bɛ naa maa.[26][27] Kwaman yaa daa nyɛla niriba ni baŋ shɛli yɛla.


Asante nagbanyini niŋbu

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Kwaman ni daa fa Dormaa daa nyɛla sɔŋsim n-ti Denkyirahe ni Ntim Gjakari, di ni daa niŋ ka tiŋgbana di tuhiri maa zaa nyɛ Denkyira nima maa.[28] Di lahi yina n-nyɛ Osei Tutu daa bola gubu n-ti Oduro Agyensamoo zaŋti Assin yaɣili, bɛ ni daa bɔri do' so Abankeseso ni bɛ bɔhi binshɛɣu din niŋ Denkyirahene Boamponsem kpibu ni.[29] Ka labi mali Osei Tutu tumtumsa zali ni o yaa polo, Gyakari daa ti niriba Kwaman. o ni daa bori shƐm n-nyɛ:

  • Salima pam
  • nyingokɔriti, binshɛɣu din nyɛ kali bini ka wuhiri ni paɣa filim o maŋ ti o yidana
  • Osei Tutu bihi puuni yino ddebu
  • Osei Tutu mini o kpa,mabaliba piigi bɛ paɣaba yino-yino n-ti Abankeseso[29][26]

Asante zalisi yi daa zalimi ni tuhi Denkyira beei ka lala, Denkyirahene ni daa labisi shɛm ni, tɔbu maa nyaaŋa din yɛn niŋ bi yi polo, amaa bɛ niya daa kuli nyɛla yim. Oyoko nanim ban daa laɣiu daa zaɣisi lala turi ŋɔ, ka daa va kuɣa pali kpalinsi maa ka di pa salimanima.[30][26] Osei Tutu daa na maagi o maŋa ka Denkyira bɛri bɔhibu daa nyɛla di laɣim Amantoo zuliyanim o nam ni.[21] O daa moliya ni Onyeame buɣili puhi o la tuun kara: ni o laɣim Asante. Anokye alizama noi wuhi shɛm, binshɛŋa din daa yina sagbana ni, sagban sabila ni, ni pɔhim din daa chani ka ʒiri tankpaɣu, salima kuɣu din daa chani ka di yaɣili nyɛ salima. Di daa lula Osei Tutu naba tiŋli. Lala kuɣu ŋɔ malila sunsum (shia/nyevuli) zaŋti Ashanti tiŋgbani, ni bɛ yaa, alaafee, haŋkali zinli, ni bɛri-suŋ.[31][32][33] Osei Tutu daa leei Asantehene, ni kpɛm zaŋti Amantoo tiŋgbana.[27][15]

Osei Tutu daa bo tiŋzuɣu zaɣ'palli n-ti Asante Confederation, tiŋ shɛli bɛ ni boli Kumasi, bɛ ni zaŋ "kum tia shɛli yuli boli" Tutu ni daa ʒini ti'shɛli gbunni ka gbaai shaawara ni di zali.[4][27] ŋuna n daa lahi pili Odwira chuɣu, din nyɛ nyuli dibu chuɣu ka laɣimdi Kumasi ka bɛ ŋmeri nupuɣu tiri Asantehene, ka kuri zaba, ka kpaŋsiri suhudoo Asante yaɣili.[34]

Bɛ tɔbu tuhibu ni Denkyira

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Denkyiran Defections

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Osei Tutu mini Anokye daa pili taba feebu kampeei, ka mɔri ni bɛ gbahi Denkyrian tɔbu bihi. Anokye daa ŋmela nyɔɣu ni o tima nyɛla din yɛn tooi taɣi Denkyiran tɔbu tuhiriba haŋkaya ka bɛ taɣi yaaɣili.[35] Lahabali wuhiya ni tiŋ shɛli ban daa daŋ yaɣili taɣibu n daa nyɛ Ntim Gyakari n daa taɣi labi Osei Tutu yaɣili ban daa nyɛ Abooso niriba.[35] Abooso daa nyɛla tiŋa din be Adanse Akrokeri yaɣili ka bɛ booni bam be din ni Bontwumafo -yaɣi-ʒeei yaɣilinima. Di ni daa niŋ ka bɛ yoiɣisi Denkyirahene suhu Adanse yaɣili fabu saha, bɛ daa galimba ni bɛ ni salinima kɔri mali buɣa ni yi ti noiŋ ka ŋun yina nam zuliya ni kpi. Bɛ daa booni ba la tankpa-ʒɛɣu ni nima di daa yi ti niŋ ka bɛ yɛn zaŋba mali buɣa, bɛ daa yi malila bɛ ʒim gariti tankpaɣu ka mali ʒɛri kpiimba maa. Di ni daa niŋ ka Ntim Gyakari ma, Akobena Abensua, daa ti gbaai doro din daa dam o haŋkali, Bontwumafo mini ban daa be lala yaɣili maa daa chaŋya ni bɛ ti bo faako Osei Tutu sani Kumasi. Bɛ daa niŋba maraaba ka lahi ti ba tiŋgbani, ka bɛ daa lahi ti bɛ kpamba zaashɛhi Asante nam ni.[36]

Di ni daa yi polo ni wuhi ni Bontwumafo daa nyɛla Osei Tutu ni deei so, ban gba daa pahi be Denkyira pam daa doli nyaaŋa. Anwianwia mini Asabi laɣinsi, ban daa zaɣisiri Gyakari sulinsi, daa mali ʒini Ahafo. Awu Dawu, niriba ban daa tumdi tiri Denkyirahene, nyɛla bɛ ni daa yihi shɛba ka zaŋ ba ti Amankwatia, shɛba daa lahi chaŋ Denkyiran ŋun daa pa nyɛ kpɛma n zaŋti Kontihene mini Bantamahene.[37] Ban gba daa lahi yina Ntim Gyakari kja nyɛ tumtumdiba ka bɛ kariba daa nyɛla Akwadan mini Nuamoa niriba, gbe-pɛbiriba toondana zaŋti Denkyirahene. Bɛ daa kana Kumase sani ni bɛ salima-gberi mini bɛ nyaandoliba. Bɛ daa lahi labi ʒini Akuropon ka bɛ daa naan yi ti zaŋ ba labi na Kumasi di ni daa nIŋ ka Osei Tutu daa nam Asokwa kuɣu n zaŋ ti ba ni di sɔŋsi ka bɛ be o daabihi ni ka lahi be o gbe-pɛbiriba ni.[38] Lala n lahi nyɛli, Denkyirahene dali-ŋmɛrra gba daa lahi zo n-kuli Osei Tutu sani ni o tizopaɣa mini o nyaandoliba tuhili.[35][39] Osei Tutu daa piigi o Nkukuwafohene. Niriba mini tinsi pam daa taɣi yaɣili.[39]

Aboabo, tiŋ'shɛli din daa miri Oda River, nyɛla luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni daa deei Denkyirahene tɔbu tiuhiriba ban daa gbubi bɛ tɔbiri nɛma din guba (Akyamfuo). Zali daa lu bɛ mini Akyamfuo tinkpanbihi sunsuuni, ka tinkpannima daa ku lala tɔb'bihi ŋɔ shɛba. Ntim Gyakari daa gahi nuu boli tiŋkpannima maa ni bɛ kana. Tinkpannima daa suhi ya bo faabahi, ka yɛli ni lala niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa zu ba. Naa maa daa yɛliya ni bɛ kum bɛ mini bɛ daŋ zaa. Tinkpannima maa mini ban daa miri Aboabo zaa daa zoya kuli Asante. Shɛba daa labi bɛ biɛhisi sheei ka suhi Denkyriahene ni o che m-paŋba, amaa ka o daa ku ba.[40]

Ban daa taɣi biɛhisi sheei maa pam n daa nyɛ ‘Inkwayulaes bee Nkawie niriba, bɛ yibu maa daa nyɛla din labisi Denkyira nyaaŋa. Nkawie, maali pishi zaŋ yi north yaɣili Abankeseso, n daa nyɛ tiŋ din gba kpa talahi pahi buyi ka be Denkyira yaɣili. Denkyirahene ŋun daa su kuɣu maa yaa n daa gbubi lala yaɣili ŋɔ. Di paɣaba kuɣu gba nyɛla Denkyirahene ŋahinsi ni daa su shɛli, paɣaba ban daa yɛn tooi niŋ na'paɣa n-ti Denkyira. Yuuni 1694, di ni daa niŋ ka King Boa Amponsem I kpi n naai, Ntim Gyakari daa di nasara Asenso Kufuor zuɣu zabili ni. Ntim Gyakari daa gbaai Asenso Kufuor mini o tizopaɣa Adoma ban daa be Abankeseso n-niŋ o sulinsi ni. Still, Asenso Kufuor daa bɔhi o suhi labi Osei Tutu polo ka zo n-tili labi Kwaaman.O ni daa nyɛ ŋu gba ni tooi deei Denkyirahene mini Gyakari yaa maa zuɣu, o daa chanimi ni o kpambaliba mini o salima nim ni o nyaandoliba zaa.[41]

Zabili

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Zaŋ kana Anashaara goli November yuuni 1698, zabili daa niŋ bayana. Wassa, Twifo, ni Aowin daa pahi Asante nim ni ka bɛ mɔŋ Denkyiran ka bɛ ku lahi tooi nya tɔb'bina Europe daabihi ban niŋdi daabiligu bɛ teeku yaɣili.[26] Denkyira, gba nyɛla Dutch mini ŋun daa nyɛ Dampong naa ni daa sɔŋdi shɛba.[30] Akyem, daa naai noli ni Denkyira, ka liri Asante nim ban daa be Akwamu, ka daa tuhi ni yuuni 1699.[26]

Denkyiran zab'zabiriba maa daa tuui di nasara. Tobiri din daa tuhi Adunku, Aputuogya, ni Abuontem, Ntim Gyakari daa moya n labisi Asante tɔb'tuhiriba bɛ biɛhigu sheei. Maali yini zaŋ chaŋ Aputuogya "north" polo o daa chirigi Osei Tutu nirba ban daa nyɛ bɛ ni zaŋ shɛba zali Feyiase, luɣ'shɛli Asante ni daa di nasara.[42]

Bɛ ni daa gbahiba naai, saha shɛŋa, bɛ ni daa ku shɛba daa nyɛla Ntim Gyakari. Dwaben Asafo (Dwaben yaɣili din nyɛ Amantoo linjimanima ka Dwabenhene maŋmaŋa daa nyɛ bɛ toondana) daa nyɛ ka Gyakari tɔri salima wali ni o paɣa, ka bɛ mi binshɛɣu din daa niŋdi tɔbu maa ni. Soya nim pam beni wuhiri Ntim ni daa kpi shɛm. Shɛli wuhiya ni o ni daa mɔri ni o tiligi ka che gbaabu nyaaŋ, luɣ'shɛli Dwabenhene maŋmaŋa ni daa liri Gyakari n-ti gbaagi o, bɛ daa gbaagi o ka ʒi o kuli ti ti Osei Tutu. Gyakari daa moya, ka bɛ daa ku o Feyiase.[43]Lahabali shɛŋa mi wuhiya ni Adakwayiadom, Dwaben kpɛma zaŋti Asante tɔbu tuhiri nudirigu yaɣili, daa ŋmala Ntim zuɣu ni.[44] Asante tɔb'bihi gba daa lahi gbahi Dutch ŋarima dibaanu ka daa ʒili kuli Kumasi ka di ti wuhi ni bɛ kpuɣu jaasheei.[12]

Din nyaaŋa

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Bɛ ni daa nyaŋba Feyiase nyaaŋa, ban daa kpalim Denkyiran tɔb'tuhiriba ni daa kuli Ofin River south polo. Asante linjimanim daa kari Abankeseso zaazaa biɛɣu pinaanu sunsuuni, ka daa kpuɣi Denkyirahene salimanim zaa labi Kumasi.[42] O daa piila Boadu Akufu, Ntim Gyakari ŋahinga, ka o nyɛ kpambali palo n zaŋti Denkyirahene.[45]

Osei Tutu daaa piri tiŋgbana maa n-ti o mini ban tabiri sɔŋdi o, ka Denkyiran yaakoronim daaa ʒini Asante yaɣa, ka Amantuo daa nyɛ yaa daa lahi kpaŋsi.[46]Asumegya niriba daa pili Dominase mini Agyemasu tiŋkpansi, ka Osei Tutu daa labi ʒini Bontwumafo din be Atwima (din pa nyɛ Atwima Mponua mini Atwima Nwabiagya tiŋgbani yaɣa) ka bɛ daa zaŋ Atwimahene ti bɛ kpɛma.


O ni nyɛ Asantehene

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Akim

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Di mini nasara dibu ni Denkyira nim zuɣu nyɛ din gabiri maa zaa yoli , Akyem, Denkyiran bɔŋ, daa na kuli tuhirimi.[47] Lala n lahi nyɛli, Denkyiran tɔbu-tihiriba ban daa kuli south daa na kuli nyɛla varisigu. Yuuni 1702, niriba ayi ŋɔ daa ti nyaŋ Asante tɔbu ni.[48] Yuuni 1706, Boadu Akufu daa lo tɔbu. Asante kpɛma Boansi Kofo, ni so sɔŋsim, daa libigi Denkyiran tɔbu tuhibu yaa sheei n daa ti wurimba, ka daa gbaai Akafu n daa ti ku o.[49]

Tuhi fa din pahi pahi

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O ni daa tuhi nyaŋ Denkyira, Asante daa pa zaŋla Denkyiran ni ka bɛ nyɛ ban tumdi tiri ba. Assin, Sehwi, ni Twifo, amaa, bɛ daa lahi mali haŋkali pari shɛŋa pahi, ka din niŋ yuun gbaliŋ Osei Tutu tɔbu tuhibu ni o tooi yɛli o tiŋgbani ŋɔ.[50] Yuuni 1711 Tutu daa kuli north polo ni o ti tuhi Wenchi, ka daa kari Ahwenekokoo kpɛma ka pili Asante ka zaŋ o nuu pa north zaŋ chaŋ Bonoman mini Begho daabiligu soya zuɣu. Bini din gbaai yuuni 1713 mini yuuni 1715 o daa kpa south polo, n daa ti deei Twifo, Wassa, ni Aowin .[47] Osei Tutu daa naai noli ni Nzema ni d soŋ ka o tooi baŋ teeku yaɣili daabiligu soya.[51]

Kampeei bahigu mini kpibu

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Yuuni 1716 bee yuuni 1717, Agona niriba ban daa be teeku yaɣili daa kuhi boli Asante ni o ti sɔŋsi ba bɛ tɔbu tuhibu ni Akyem nim ni. Akwamu daa nyɛla ban galisi Kumasi yaɣili, amaa ka daa lahi nyɛ Agona kpamba ka daa ka nintiɣili ni Asante nuu timbu. Di zuɣu daa che ka bɛ che ka Asante chaŋ gili bɛ yaɣa, amaa ka daa ŋma soli zaŋ yi Akyem, ka o daa bo soya gbahiba yɔɣu maa ni. Bɛ daa gili linjimanim maa, ni bindirigu bela.[52][53]

Anashaara goli October yuuni 1717 Osei Tutu, saha ŋɔ o nyɛla ŋun ni kurigi, daa moya ni oʒi o niriba maa yi ka di nyɛla bɛ daa yɛn dula River Pra, a maa bɛ daa liriba bɛ chandi ni.[52] Bɛ daa Ʒiri o mi zuɣu saa, nanima nachiinsi nam goro la shɛŋa ni ka malifa kukɔla daa nyɔɣu, bɛ daa nyɛla malifa ŋmɛri biinsi ban ŋmɛri katiŋa la n ti pahi ban Ŋmɛri yɔmyɔm la n daa nye ban tum tuuni ŋɔ, ka di nyɛla ti' zimsima ka bɛ sɔɣi bɛ maŋa. Piriŋ la o ni daa ku tooi lahi tuɣi ba n tooi yi kɔm maa ni zuɣu, Asanteman toondana maa daa kɔŋ la o nyɛvuli ka o niriba daa bɛ tooi bo n nya o ningbuno ni bɛ sɔɣi.[54]


Yuli zalibu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

O daa malila tim ni siyaasa baŋsim n tumda, ka linjimanima daa lahi sɔŋdi o, Osei Tutu daa nyɛla ŋun yɛligi Kumasi kamani buta zuɣu ka daa lahi pili "Empire of Ashanti" lala saha ŋɔ.[55][56]

Buɣili din be Anyinam wuhirila Osei Tutu dɔɣibu, ka di nyɛ di leei ninliha lihi ka yo sheei.[57]


Kundivihira

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  1. ↑ Birthplace of Opensuo cited as potential Tourist Site. Ghana News Agency.
  2. ↑ Wilks 1993, p. 102.
  3. ↑ Marfo, Kofi (1999). An Introduction to Ghanaian Literature. str. 48. "Osei Tutu was born of an Adanse father called Owusu Panyin from Akrokyere and of an Oyoko princess and sister of Oti Akenten called Maanu Kotosii."
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sapong, Nana Yaw B. (2011-01-01). "Tutu, Osei (1650–1717)". In Gates, Henry Louis; Emmanuel Akyeampong; Steven J. Niven (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography (in English). Oxford University Press. p. 85-6. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pavanello, Mariano (2016-12-08). Perspectives on African Witchcraft (in English). Taylor & Francis. p. 28-29. ISBN 978-1-315-43991-4.
  6. ↑ Wilks 1993, p. 103.
  7. ↑ Reindorf 1895, p. 48.
  8. ↑ Wilks 1993, p. 104.
  9. ↑ McCaskie 2007, p. 18.
  10. ↑ McCaskie 2007, p. 10.
  11. 1 2 Reindorf 1895, p. 50.
  12. 1 2 McCaskie, T. C. (1986). "Komfo Anokye of Asante: Meaning, History and Philosophy in an African Society". The Journal of African History 27 (2): 315–339. DOI:10.1017/S0021853700036690. ISSN 0021-8537.
  13. ↑ Okomfo Anokye (en).
  14. ↑ Chazan 1988, p. 65.
  15. 1 2 Chazan 1988, p. 73.
  16. ↑ (2016) "Engaging Modernity: Asante in the Twenty-First Century" (in en). Maize Books. DOI:10.3998/maize.14689915.0001.001.
  17. ↑ Hagan 1971, p. 45.
  18. ↑ Hagan 1971, p. 49.
  19. ↑ Chazan 1988, p. 74.
  20. ↑ Hagan 1971, p. 44.
  21. 1 2 3 Arhin 1967, p. 68-9.
  22. ↑ Wilks 1993, p. 105.
  23. ↑ Sapong, Nana Yaw B. (2011-01-01). "Tutu, Osei (1650–1717)". In Gates, Henry Louis; Emmanuel Akyeampong; Steven J. Niven (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography (in English). Oxford University Press. p. 85-6. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  24. ↑ Chazan 1988, p. 66.
  25. ↑ Reindorf 1895, p. 51.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 Fynn 1974, p. 5.
  27. 1 2 3 Page, Willie; Davis, R. Hunt, eds. (2005). Encyclopedia of African History and Culture (vol III). New York: Facts on File. p. 216.
  28. ↑ McCaskie 2007, p. 11.
  29. 1 2 McCaskie 2007, p. 12.
  30. 1 2 Reindorf 1895, p. 53.
  31. ↑ Wilks 1993, p. 115.
  32. ↑ McCaskie 2007, p. 20.
  33. ↑ Chazan 1988, p. 70.
  34. ↑ Arhin 1967, p. 82.
  35. 1 2 3 Wilks 1993, p. 111.
  36. ↑ McCaskie 2007, p. 14-16.
  37. ↑ McCaskie 2007, p. 16.
  38. ↑ McCaskie 2007, p. 17.
  39. 1 2 McCaskie 2007, p. 16-7.
  40. ↑ McCaskie 2007, p. 19.
  41. ↑ McCaskie 2007, p. 17-9.
  42. 1 2 McCaskie 2007, p. 3.
  43. ↑ Prempeh 2022, p. 176.
  44. ↑ Reindorf 1895, p. 56.
  45. ↑ Prempeh 2022, p. 180.
  46. ↑ McCaskie 2007, p. 21-22.
  47. 1 2 Boahen, A. Adu (2005). "Akan states: Bono, Denkyira, Wassa, Akyem, Akwamu, Fante, Fifteenth to Seventeenth centuries". In Shillington, Kevin (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 33-34.
  48. ↑ Fynn 1974, p. 7.
  49. ↑ Prempeh 2022, p. 182.
  50. ↑ Arhin 1967, p. 72.
  51. ↑ Arhin 1967, p. 71.
  52. 1 2 Priestley & Wilks 1960, p. 88.
  53. ↑ Boahen, A. Adu. “When did Osei Tutu Die?” Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana, vol. 16, no. 1, 1975, pp. 87–92. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41406582. Accessed 6 May 2025.
  54. ↑ Priestley & Wilks 1960, p. 89.
  55. ↑ Osei Tutu (en). Britannica.
  56. ↑ A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EAHC2
  57. ↑ Birthplace of Opensuo cited as potential Tourist Site. Ghana News Agency.

Karim pahi

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