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Methamphetamine

Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
Tɛmplet:Infobox drug/title
An image of the methamphetamine compound
Names
Pronunciation/ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəmiːn/
Trade namesDesoxyn, Methedrine, others
Other namesN-methylamphetamine, N,α-dimethylphenethylamine, desoxyephedrine
Clinical data
Drug classAmphetamine
WHO AWaReScript error: No such module "WDfetch".
Dependence riskPhysical: None; Psychological: High
Addiction riskHigh
Pregnancy
category		Tɛmplet:Infobox drug/pregnancy category
Routes of
use		By mouth
Onset of actionRapid[1]
Duration of action10–20 hours[1]
External links
AHFS/Drugs.comTɛmplet:Drugs.com
Legal
[[Regulation of therapeutic goods |Tɛmplet:Engvar data]]Tɛmplet:Infobox drug/licence
Legal statusTɛmplet:Infobox drug/legal status
Pharmacokinetics
BioavailabilityBy mouth: 70%[2]
IV: 100%[2]
Protein bindingVaries widely[3]
MetabolismCYP2D6[4][5] and FMO3[6][7]
Elimination half-life5–30 hours[8]
ExcretionPrimarily kidney
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
PubChem SID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
PDB ligand
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ATC code
Chemical and physical data
FormulaTɛmplet:Infobox drug/chemical formula
Molar massTɛmplet:Chem molar mass
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
Melting point170 °C (338 °F) [9]
Boiling point212 °C (414 °F) at 760 mmHg[9]

Tɛmplet:Infobox drug/maintenance categories

Methamphetamine nyɛla tila' shɛli din kpurisira daam zuɣupuri ni hankali bɛ ni vaani shɛli ni kpaŋsi suhupiɛlli amaa ka bɛ dii bɛ lahi mali li tibiri attention deficit hyperactivity disorder bee narcolepsy bee ŋmɛlimbu.[10][11]

Tim ŋɔ n zaŋ tibi ŋmɛlimbu nyɛla baŋdibu ni bɛ lahi sahi n ti shɛli.[12] Nira yi vali tilaa ŋɔ nɔlini, di zaŋdila minti pihita n tumdi tuma ka di yaa ni tooi na bɛni hali ni dabsilii muni.[13][14]

Tilaa ŋɔ valibu barinanima shɛŋa n nye ʒiduli, palpitations bee suhupiɛlli, gbihibu yɛlmuɣisira, binsaa n ti paɣa ni doo bɔbu shee yɛlmuɣisira[12] Barinanima shɛŋa din gba pahi n nye yinyari bee kpilinkpiɣi bee ʒiduli [15][16]

Tim ŋɔ yiriŋ valibu bɛ tɔ; hali din kuli niŋ ka kum din jandi di valibu bɛ yaɣi lala.[17][18] Tim ŋɔ ni tooi mali barina n ti bilɛri di yi niŋ ka paɣa puulana vaani li bee vaanili ka mɔɣisiri bia ka ŋa nye bɛ ni bi saɣi n ti shɛli[19][20] Di nyɛla din pahi amphetamine tilaa zuliya puuni[12]

Methamphetamine nyɛla bɛ ni yihi ti' shɛli na yuuni 1893 ka di tuuli malibu daa niŋ yuuni 1919.[21][22] Di nyɛla din tooi zooi ka bɛ ni li luɣi shɛŋa fukumsinima ni bɛ sahi n ti ni bƐ mali tima tiŋduya. Di nyɛla nira ni tooi vali bee n nyɔɣim bee n-chibi n niŋ ʒisɔya ni bee nyuli kamani nyɔɣi.[11] Di nyɛla ti' shɛli din gba pahi Schedule II controlled substance tima ni.[11] Di malibu ni kɔhibu nyɛla fukumsinima ni bɛ sahi n ti tiŋsi pam ni[23] tim ŋɔ daa ni tooi paai Ghana shiiri 896 gram kam zuɣuni.[24] Kamani salo ban kalinli paai miliyon pishi ni ayopɔi nyɛla ban be amphetamine tima dibu ni di bahi bahindi methamphetamine, yuuni 2019 puli ni[25]

References

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  1. 1 2 Riviello RJ (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7637-4462-5. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
  2. 1 2 (2015) "The neuroprotective potential of low-dose methamphetamine in preclinical models of stroke and traumatic brain injury". Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 64: 231–6. DOI:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.013. PMID 25724762. “In humans, the oral bioavailability of methamphetamine is approximately 70% but increases to 100% following intravenous (IV) delivery (Ares-Santos et al., 2013).”
  3. ↑ "Toxicity". Methamphetamine. PubChem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Archived from the original on 2015-01-04. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  4. ↑ (2000) "Mimicking gene defects to treat drug dependence". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 909 (1): 233–246. DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06685.x. PMID 10911933. “Methamphetamine, a central nervous system stimulant drug, is p-hydroxylated by CYP2D6 to less active p-OH-methamphetamine.”
  5. ↑ Adderall XR Prescribing Information 12–13. Shire US Inc (December 2013). Archived 30 Silimin gɔli December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ↑ (June 2005) "Mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenases: structure/function, genetic polymorphisms and role in drug metabolism". Pharmacol. Ther. 106 (3): 357–387. DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.01.001. PMID 15922018.
    Table 5: N-containing drugs and xenobiotics oxygenated by FMO Archived 16 Silimin gɔli September 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ (March 1999) "N-oxygenation of amphetamine and methamphetamine by the human flavin-containing monooxygenase (form 3): role in bioactivation and detoxication". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 288 (3): 1251–1260. PMID 10027866.
  8. ↑ (August 2010) "The clinical toxicology of metamfetamine". Clinical Toxicology 48 (7): 675–694. DOI:10.3109/15563650.2010.516752. ISSN 1556-3650. PMID 20849327.
  9. 1 2 "Chemical and Physical Properties". Methamphetamine. PubChem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Archived from the original on 2015-01-04. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  10. ↑ (March 2015) "Recent advances in methamphetamine neurotoxicity mechanisms and its molecular pathophysiology". Behav. Neurol. 2015: 103969. DOI:10.1155/2015/103969. PMID 25861156. “In 1971, METH was restricted by US law, although oral METH (Ovation Pharmaceuticals) continues to be used today in the USA as a second-line treatment for a number of medical conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and refractory obesity.”
  11. 1 2 3 Methamphetamine. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (8 January 2015). “The term metamfetamine (the International Non-Proprietary Name: INN) strictly relates to the specific enantiomer (S)-N,α-dimethylbenzeneethanamine.”
  12. 1 2 3 Methamphetamine Monograph for Professionals (en).
  13. ↑ Methamphetamine Monograph for Professionals (en).
  14. ↑ Methamphetamine. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (8 January 2015). “The term metamfetamine (the International Non-Proprietary Name: INN) strictly relates to the specific enantiomer (S)-N,α-dimethylbenzeneethanamine.”
  15. ↑ Methamphetamine Monograph for Professionals (en).
  16. ↑ Methamphetamine.
  17. ↑ Methamphetamine Monograph for Professionals (en).
  18. ↑ Methamphetamine. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (8 January 2015). “The term metamfetamine (the International Non-Proprietary Name: INN) strictly relates to the specific enantiomer (S)-N,α-dimethylbenzeneethanamine.”
  19. ↑ Methamphetamine Monograph for Professionals (en).
  20. ↑ Methamphetamine. National Library of Medicine (US) (2006).
  21. ↑ Mack, Avram H.; Brady, Kathleen T.; Frances, Richard J.; Miller, Sheldon I. (12 May 2016). Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders, Fourth Edition (in English). Guilford Publications. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-4625-2169-2. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  22. ↑ Methamphetamine. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) (8 January 2015). “The term metamfetamine (the International Non-Proprietary Name: INN) strictly relates to the specific enantiomer (S)-N,α-dimethylbenzeneethanamine.”
  23. ↑ Lilley, Linda Lane; Collins, Shelly Rainforth; Snyder, Julie S. (20 January 2017). Pharmacology for Canadian Health Care Practice (in English). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-77172-022-9. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  24. ↑ Infographic: amphetamine, methamphetamine, seizures, price, purity in the EU, 2018 | www.emcdda.europa.eu.
  25. ↑ World Drug Report 2021 (PDF). United Nations. 2021. ISBN 9789211483611. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
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