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Lake Tanganyika

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Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
Lake Tanganyika
lake
Pahi laAfrican Great Lakes, Rift Valley lakes Mali niŋ
Zuliya wuhibuIkiyaga ca Tanganyika, Ziwa Tanganyika, Lake Tanganyika, lac Tanganyika Mali niŋ
Zo n-kpeRuzizi Mɔɣili, Malagarasi Mɔɣili, Kalambo River, Mulobozi Mɔɣili Mali niŋ
Biɛŋ yibuLukuga Mɔɣili Mali niŋ
Drainage basinCongo Basin Mali niŋ
Tiŋgbani din kom nyuuraBurundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Zambia Mali niŋ
TiŋaTanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Zambia Mali niŋ
Tiŋgbaŋ yaɣili calinli6°6′0″S 29°30′0″E Mali niŋ
Lowest pointunknown value Mali niŋ
Heritage designationTentative World Heritage Site Mali niŋ
World Heritage soli(viii), (ix), (x) Mali niŋ
Category for maps or plansCategory:Maps of Lake Tanganyika Mali niŋ
Map
 
Lake Tanganyika eastern shore in Kagongo Ward, Kigoma Region, Tanzania

Lake Tanganyika (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə, -ɡæn-/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -⁠gan-;[1] Ikiyaga ca Tanganyika) nyɛla gbaŋsabila mɔɣ'titali.[2] Di ni nyɛ dunia zaa lake din pahiri ayi mɔɣa din mali kom pam ka nyɛ din lahi pahiri ayi di yi ka mɔɣa din ʒilimi puuni, di nyɛla din doli Lake Baikal din be Siberia nyaaŋa.[3][4] Di ni nyɛ dunia zaa lakenima din waɣa gari di taba maa zaa.[3] Di lahi nyɛla din do buyobu zuɣu dunia Lakenima puuni di yi kana galisim polo.[5] Lake ŋɔ nyɛla din kpɛ tiŋgbana anahi ni Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo ( DRC), Burundi, n-ti pahi Zambia—ka Tanzania nyɛ din mali li kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinahi ni ayobu ka DRC mali kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihinahi. Di nyɛla din ʒiri Lukuga Mɔɣili chani nti luri Congo Mɔɣili ka di nyɛ din laɣim taba chaŋ nti lu Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Atlantic Ocean.[6]

Kom nahingbana

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Clear water lake of Lake Tanganyika in Kagongo Ward, Kigoma Region, Tanzania

Lake ŋɔ kom nyɛla "alkaline" ni pH kamani dibaa awɔi ʒiliŋ kamani 0–100 m (0–330 ft).[7] Din bɔŋɔ gbunni zaŋ chaŋ nyɛla 8.7, ka nyɛ din tooi boori labirina kamani 8.3–8.5 kom maa ni yaɣa pam zaŋ n-ti Tanganyika.[7] Lala niŋsim ŋɔ ŋmahinli nyɛla din be niɣilim buɣim yaɣili maa bin din gbaai kamani 670 μS/cm mɔɣili maa zuɣusaa zaŋ chaŋ 690 μS/cm mɔɣili ŋɔ gbunni.[7]

Di zuɣusaa tulim nyɛla kamani 24 °C (75 °F) mɔɣili maa wulinluhili polo Silimiin goli August piligu ka nyɛ 28–29 °C (82–84 °F) saa mibu saha bin din gbaai Silimin goli March zaŋ chaŋ Silimiin goli April.[8] Mɔɣili maa ʒiliŋ din gari 400 m (1,300 ft), tulim maa nyɛla din zaya 23.1–23.4 °C (73.6–74.1 °F).[9] Kom maa nyɛla din tula tum 19th century ka din bɔŋɔ daliri nyɛ dunia zaa tulim tum yuuni 1950s.[10]

Mɔɣili maa nyɛla din tooi kpɛri kom pam shiɣuni amaa ka di ʒiliŋ nyɛ din bi boori paari 150 m (490 ft).[8][11][12] Din bɔŋɔ nyɛla din wuhiri ni di ka pɔhim di gbuuni pam yaɣa ni ka di nyɛ din ka anfaani zaŋ n-ti zahim mini binshɛŋa din bori pohim ka be kom maa puuni ni. Di wulinpuhili polo ʒiliŋ nyɛla 240–250 m (790–820 ft).[13][14] [15]

Zahim din pahi

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The Tanganyika killifish (Lamprichthys tanganicanus) is the only member of its genus[35]

Lake Tanganyika nyɛla yiŋa zaŋ n-ti zahim balibu din gari pihinii zaŋ n-ti "non-cichlid" zahim ka mali kamani kɔbigi puuni vaabu pihiyobu zahim zaŋ n-ti cichlid .[13][36][37][38]

Fishing Boat in Kagongo Ward, Kigoma District
Fishermen on Lake Tanganyika

Lihimi m pahi

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Kundivihra

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  1. ↑ Tɛmplet:Cite LPD
  2. ↑ Burton, Richard Francis (1965). Richards, Charles (ed.). Burton and Lake Tanganyika. Dar Es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau. OCLC 180480726.
  3. 1 2 Lake Tanganyika. www.zambiatourism.com.
  4. ↑ Lewis, R. (16 May 2010). Brown Geologists Show Unprecedented Warming in Lake Tanganyika. Brown University.
  5. ↑ World’s largest lakes | Description, Area, & Facts | Britannica (en).
  6. ↑ A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "asdf".
  7. 1 2 3 (2005) "Bacterial Community Composition in Lake Tanganyika: Vertical and Horizontal Heterogeneity". Appl Environ Microbiol 71 (9): 5029–5037. DOI:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005. PMID 16151083.
  8. 1 2 (1993) "Nutrient chemistry of the water column of Lake Tanganyika". Limnol. Oceanogr. 38 (4): 725–738. DOI:10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725.
  9. ↑ (August 14, 2003) "Climate change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa". Nature 424 (6950): 766–768. DOI:10.1038/nature01833. PMID 12917682.
  10. ↑ Jensen, M.R. (8 August 2016). Lake Tanganyika Fisheries Declining From Global Warming. University of Arizona.
  11. ↑ (2003) "Recent research in the African Great Lakes: Fisheries, biodiversity and cichlid evolution". Freshwater Forum 20 (1): 4–64.
  12. ↑ Hutter; Yongqi; and Chubarenko (2011). Physics of Lakes, volume 1: Foundation of the Mathematical and Physical Background. P. 11. ISBN 978-3-642-15178-1.
  13. 1 2 Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.
  14. ↑ Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. ISBN 0-521-28064-8.
  15. ↑ (2017) "Variation in Taphonomic Character of Shell Beds in Lake Tanganyika, Africa: Paleoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Implications of Shell Beds in Lakes". DOI:10.1130/abs/2017am-304608.
  16. ↑ (2012) "Evolutionary History of Lake Tanganyika's Predatory Deepwater Cichlids". International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2012. DOI:10.1155/2012/716209. PMID 22675652.
  17. ↑ (2015) "Lake Tanganyika—A 'Melting Pot' of Ancient and Young Cichlid Lineages (Teleostei: Cichlidae)?". PLOS ONE 10 (7). DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0125043. PMID 25928886.
  18. 1 2 (2015) "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 83: 56–71. DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009. PMID 25433288.
  19. ↑ (2008) "Description of a new cichlid fish species of the genus Benthochromis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika". Journal of Fish Biology 72 (3): 603–613. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01727.x.
  20. ↑ The 10 biggest cichlids. Practical Fishkeeping (13 June 2016).
  21. ↑ (2003) "New species of Cyphotilapia (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika, Africa". Copeia 2003 (4): 824–832. DOI:10.1643/ia03-148.1.
  22. ↑ Bigirimana, C. (2006). "Cyprichromis microlepidotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006. DOI:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60487A12363286.en.
  23. 1 2 Smith, M.P. (1998). Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids, pp. 9–10. ISBN 0-7641-0615-5
  24. ↑ Ophthalmotilapia nasuta.
  25. ↑ Tɛmplet:FishBase
  26. ↑ Species in the Tanganyika.
  27. ↑ (2009) "Fisheries and cichlid evolution in the African Great Lakes: progress and problems". Freshwater Reviews 2 (2): 131–151. DOI:10.1608/frj-2.2.2.
  28. ↑ Julidochromis marlieri (Marlier's Julie).
  29. ↑ Bigirimana, C. (2006). "Gnathochromis permaxillaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006. DOI:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60493A12364587.en.
  30. ↑ (2010) "Evolution of a unique predatory feeding apparatus: functional anatomy, development and a genetic locus for jaw laterality in Lake Tanganyika scale-eating cichlids". BMC Biology 8 (1). DOI:10.1186/1741-7007-8-8. PMID 20102595.
  31. ↑ Ntakimazi, G. (2006). "Oreochromis tanganicae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006. DOI:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60625A12387918.en.
  32. ↑ Begon, M.; and A.H. Fitter (1995). Advances in Ecological Research, vol. 26, p. 203. ISBN 0-12-013926-X
  33. ↑ (2006) "Colour-assortative mating among populations of Tropheus moorii, a cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa". Proc Biol Sci 273 (1584): 257–266. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2005.3321. PMID 16543167.
  34. ↑ Tropheus Genus Evolution (2017).
  35. ↑ Tɛmplet:FishBase genus
  36. ↑ Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia (28 February 2001).
  37. ↑ (2011) "Pectoral fin loss in the Mastacembelidae: a new species from Lake Tanganyika". Journal of Zoology 284 (4): 286–293. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x.
  38. ↑ (2012) "Systematic revision of the formerly monotypic genus Tanganikallabes (Siluriformes: Clariidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (1): 121–142. DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x.
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