Islamic views on slavery
Islamic views on slavery
| Facet of | slavery, Musulunsi  |
|---|---|
| Stack Exchange tag | https://islam.stackexchange.com/tags/slavery |
Islamic views on slavery zanimi ti tɛhi bɔbigu din jendi Musulinsi Adiini,[1][2] ka Musulinsi ADiini laɣinsi pam kahigiri bɛ tɛha zaŋ kpa di polo.[3] Daba dabu daa nyɛla din zooi pre-Islamic Arabia saha mini tiŋgbana din ba`gi li.[1][4] Quran mini hadith (Muhammad ni yɛli shɛm) nyɛla di darigi yɛligi daba yɛltɔɣa, ka nya ka di nyɛ din be bi~higu ni ka leei mali tarisi.[4] Islamic law rsaɣimi ti daba ban pa mMuslinima gbahibu bee bɛ ni daa shɛba ka di pa Musulinsi ni, bee ban nyɛ ban be dab'lim ni ni dɔɣi shɛba.[4][3]
Contemporary
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Zaŋ chaŋ 1950s–1960s, Musulinima pam daa saɣimi ti ni bɛ kari daba dabu.[5][6][7][6]
Yuuni 2014, ayatollah Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi daa chaŋ ya ti paai Pope Francis mini Adiini kpamba shɛba ni bɛ kari dab'tali dunia yaɣa pam yuuni 2020 mini kuli mali chana. Shi'ite mini Sunni Grand Imam of Al Azhar kpamba daa dihi di gbana.[14] Yuuni 1993, ayatollah Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi ni Musulinsi Adiini bo so' shɛŋa din yɛn kari dab'tali, amaa di bi wuhiri ni Musulunsi Adiini zaɣisi dabilim .[15][15][16][17] Iran ayatollah Mohsen Kadivar zaŋ Musulinsi Adiini so'chibi shɛli bɛ ni boli naskh aqli ni o wuhi ni Musulinsi adiini bi lahi saɣiti dab'tali.[18]
Notable enslaved people and freedmen
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Lihi pahi
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Kundivihira
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Notes
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]- 1 2 Brockopp, Jonathan E., "Slaves and Slavery", in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC.
- ↑ Brunschvig, R., “ʿAbd”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.
- 1 2 Lewis 1994, Ch.1 Archived 2001-04-01 at the Wayback Machine
- 1 2 3 Dror Ze’evi (2009). "Slavery". In John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2017-02-23. Retrieved 2017-02-23.
- ↑ Clarence-Smith 2006, p. 221.
- 1 2 Slavery in Islam (en-GB). BBC (2009-09-07).
- ↑ Khaled Abou El Fadl (2009). The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists. HarperOne. pp. 255–266.
- ↑ Dijit New Media, +44 20 7436 5222, www.dijit.net. Staff: Professor William Gervase Clarence-Smith (en).
- ↑ Clarence-Smith 2006, p. 188.
- ↑ Clarence-Smith, William Gervase. Islam and Slavery.
- ↑ Clarence-Smith 2006, p. 186.
- ↑ al-Shakhsiyah al-Islamiyyah (The Islamic Personality) by Taqiuddin al-Nabhani, Volume 3, Slavery Section
- ↑ "The Islamic view on Slaves and Slavery" Archived 2010-11-11 at the Wayback Machine, khilafah.com 13 May 2008
- ↑ Belardelli, Guilia (2 December 2014). "Pope Francis And Other Religious Leaders Sign Declaration Against Modern Slavery". Huffpost Religion. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/12/02/pope-francis-and-other-re_n_6256640.html.
- 1 2 see also: Rajaee, Farhang (2007). Islamism and Modernism: The Changing Discourse in Iran. Austin TX: University of Texas Press. p. 176. ISBN 9780292774360. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
Islam has devised solutions and strategies for ending slavery, but this does not mean that slavery is condemned in Islam. If, in a legitimate war, Muslims gain dominance over unbelievers and take them captive, in the hand of the victorious Muslims they are considered slaves and the ordinances of slavery apply to them. [source: Ettela'at, 10 Mehr 1372/October 1, 1993]
- ↑ Transcript of TV interview with Dr. Soroush by Dariush Sajjadi, Broadcast, Homa TV, 9 March 2006 Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 July 2009
- ↑ see also متن مصاحبه داريوش سجادی با دکتر سوش. Dr. Soroush.(in Persian)
- ↑ Jonathan A.C. Brown. Slavery and Islam. Oneworld Publications. pp. 219–220.
- ↑ Lister, Tim (6 May 2014). "Boko Haram: The essence of terror". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/06/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-analysis/.
- ↑ Ferran, Lee (5 May 2014). "Boko Haram: Kidnappers, Slave-Owners, Terrorists, Killers". ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/boko-haram-kidnappers-slave-owners-terrorists-killers/story?id=23598347.
- ↑ "Islamic State Seeks to Justify Enslaving Yazidi Women and Girls in Iraq" Archived 2014-11-01 at the Wayback Machine, Newsweek, 10-13-2014
- ↑ Allen McDuffee, "ISIS Is Now Bragging About Enslaving Women and Children" Archived 2017-08-30 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlantic, October 13, 2014
- ↑ Salma Abdelaziz, "ISIS states its justification for the enslavement of women" Archived 2017-06-21 at the Wayback Machine, CNN, October 13, 2014
- ↑ Richard Spencer, "Thousands of Yazidi women sold as sex slaves 'for theological reasons', says Isil" Archived 2018-04-09 at the Wayback Machine, The Daily Telegraph, 13 October 2014.
- ↑ "To have and to hold: Jihadists boast of selling captive women as concubines" Archived 2017-08-29 at the Wayback Machine, The Economist, October 18, 2014
Citations
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]Sources
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]- Ali, Kecia (2 February 2004). Islam and Slavery. The Feminist Sexual Ethics Project, Brandeis University.
- Ali, Kecia (2010). Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674059177. OCLC 705930348. Archived from the original on 2018-11-04. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
- Chase, Kenneth Warren (2003). Firearms: A Global History to 1700 (in English). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82274-9.
- Clarence-Smith, Willian Gervase (2006). Islam and the Abolition of Slavery. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-522151-0.
- Esposito, John (1998). Islam: The Straight Path. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511233-4. – First Edition 1991; Expanded Edition : 1992.
- Gordon, Murray (1987). Slavery in the Arab World. New York: New Amsterdam Press. ISBN 9780941533300.
- Hazelton, Jacqueline L. (2010). Beyond Slavery: Overcoming Its Religious and Sexual Legacies. Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-11389-3.
- Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1996). A Dictionary of Islam. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-0672-2.
- Ingrams, W. H. (1967). Zanzibar. UK: Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-1102-6.
- Khalil bin Ishaq (1919). Mukhtasar tr. Guidi and Santillana. Milan.
- Lapidus, Ira M. (2014). A History of Islamic Societies (in English). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51430-9.
- Lewis, Bernard (1990). Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry (in English). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505326-5.
- Lewis, Bernard (1990). Race and Slavery in the Middle East. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505326-5.
- Levy, Reuben (1957). The Social Structure of Islam. UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521091824.
- Lovejoy, Paul E. (2000). Transformations in Slavery. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-78430-1.
- Manning, Patrick (1990). Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34867-6.
- Mendelsohn, Isaac (1949). Slavery in the Ancient Near East. New York: Oxford University Press. OCLC 67564625.
- Tucker, Judith E.; Nashat, Guity (1999). Women in the Middle East and North Africa. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21264-2.
- Sachau (1897). Muhammedanisches Recht [cited extensively in Levy, R 'Social Structure of Islam']. Berlin, Germany.
- Schimmel, Annemarie (1992). Islam: An Introduction. US: SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-1327-6.
- Segal, Ronald (2002). Islam's Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora (in English). Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-374-52797-6.
- Sikainga, Ahmad A. (1995). "Shari'a Courts and the Manumission of Female Slaves in the Sudan 1898–1939". The International Journal of African Historical Studies 28 (1): 1–24. DOI:10.2307/221303.
- Sikainga, Ahmad A. (1996). Slaves Into Workers: Emancipation and Labor in Colonial Sudan. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-77694-2.
- Smiley, Will (2018). From Slaves to Prisoners of War: The Ottoman Empire, Russia and International Law. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198785415.
- Sonn, Tamara (2015). Islam: History, Religion, and Politics. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118972311.
Further reading
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]- Habeeb Akande, Illuminating the Darkness: Blacks and North Africans in Islam (Ta Ha 2012)
- Al-Hibri, Azizah Y. (2003). "An Islamic Perspective on Domestic Violence". 27 Fordham International Law Journal 195.
- P.J. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). "Abd". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Brill Academic Publishers. ISSN 1573-3912.
- Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila (2002). Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09422-1.
- Davis, Robert C. (2004). Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-4551-9.
- (2012) "The Children of the Desert and the Laws of the Sea: Austria, Great Britain, the Ottoman Empire and the Mediterranean Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century". American Historical Review 117 (2): 410–444. DOI:10.1086/ahr.117.2.410.
- Javed Ahmed Ghamidi (2001). Mizan. Lahore: Al-Mawrid. OCLC 52901690.
- Hasan, Yusuf Fadl; Gray, Richard (2002). Religion and Conflict in Sudan. Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa. ISBN 9966-21-831-9.
- Holt, P. M; Lambton, Ann; Lewis, Bernard, eds. (1977). The Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29137-2.
- Jok, Jok Madut (2001). War and Slavery in Sudan. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1762-4. OCLC 1132022782.
- Juynboll, Theodor Willem (1910). Handbuch des Islämischen Gesetzes (in German). Leiden: Brill. OCLC 1045985910.
- Martin, Vanessa (2005). The Qajar Pact. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-85043-763-7.
- Montana, Ismael (2013). The Abolition of Slavery in Ottoman Tunisia. University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0813044828.
- Nasr, Seyyed (2002). The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. US: HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-009924-0.
- Pankhurst, Richard (1997). The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century. The Red Sea Press. ISBN 0-932415-19-9.
- Toledano, Ehud (2014). The Ottoman Slave Trade and its Suppression. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691613932.
External links
[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Media related to Slavery in Islam at Wikimedia Commons
 |
Wikiquote has quotations related to Islamic views on slavery. |
- Race and Slavery in the Middle East by Bernard Lewis
- BBC Documentary, Religion and Ethics – Islam and Slavery
- Arab Slave Trade
- Slavery: Historic Perspective & Islamic Reforms
- When Europeans Were Slaves: Research Suggests White Slavery Was Much More Common Than Previously Believed (via the WayBack Machine)
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