Yiɣi chaŋ yɛligu maŋamaŋa puuni

Gunubu

Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
Gunubu
Bia Gunubu Asia c. 1865Tɛmplet:Endash1872
SpecialtyDulim yaɣili, dabba dotali yaɣili

Gunubu nyɛla gbaŋ shɛli din pa doo tooni yihibu[1][2] Bi yi yɛn guni nira, bi zaŋdila suwa beei piliŋ n paagi gbaŋ shɛli din be o yo zuɣu ni, ka ŋmaagi n yihi lala gbaŋ maa. Gunubu sheei, bi niŋdi la kpam n bobili tooni maa poi din yɛn che ka bini gundi so maa bi wum biɛrim pam. Amaa shɛbi bi niŋdi lala.[3]Di zooya ka bi gundi bihi ka di nyɛla din doli shɛba kali beei adiini.[4] Amaa di yi kana alaafeei bomma yaɣali, gunubu nyɛla tibbu soli zaŋti doriti kamani yo zuɣu morilim ni din pahi, di yi ti niŋ ka tibbu soya dabam nye din koŋ nasara, di lahi malili n soŋ di tibiri dulim doriti din yuugi ka zaɣasi garibu.[5][6] Saha shɛŋa di yi niŋ ka niri tooni mali yɛli gola, di bi tu ni bi guni lala niri maa, bee niri ŋun ka sabita.[1][6]

Duniya yaanga zuɣu alaafeei bomma tuma duri nyɛla ban ŋme nagban kpeeni zaŋ kpa gunubu polo, shɛba yɛliya ni di nyɛla din ka soŋsim zaŋti bihi daalaafei, ka lahi nye bin shɛli din mali yɛligola pam, beei din ni tooi n tahi barina na, ka shɛba gba yeli ni di nyɛla din mali soŋsim nti alaafeei, ka di soŋsim maa yaa gari yɛligoli shɛŋa dini ni tooi tahi na.[7] Alaafeei tuma duu kpeni hali yini bi zaya ni di gunimi dabba zaa, bi mii bi lahi zaya ni di chɛli gunibu.[7] Yɛla pam nyɛla niriba ni zaŋ soŋ zaŋ jɛndi bihi gunubu, ka shɛba yeli ni di nyɛla din birigiri zaligu di yi niŋ ka bi gunu bia ka di pa ni alaafie bomma soli zuɣu, dama bia maa ka hankali ni o piigi piibu zaŋkpa lala yɛlli ŋo maa polo.[8][9]

Dabaa gunubu nyɛla din baligiri doo ni yɛn nya HIV doro shɛm laɣambu sheei, di bahi bahandi dabba ban be gban sabila tingbana ni.[10][11] Duniya yaanga zuɣu alaafeei tuma duu (WHO) wuhiya ni di gunumi niriba ban be yaɣa shɛli HIV doro ŋo ni niŋ bayana, din yen soŋ ka di gu ka taɣi li.[12] Amaa di yi kana tingban'shɛŋa din lɛbigi, gunubu zaŋ gu ka taɣi HIV doro ŋo nyɛla din bi neei nti.[13] amaa shahira beei vihigu biɛni n wuhi ni gunubu nyɛla din baligiri niri ni yɛn nya HIV doro ŋo shɛm , balleei, di yi kana dabba ban laɣindi bi dabi taba.[14] Gunubu lahi nyɛla din soŋdi guri ka taɣiri "human papillomavirus" bali shɛŋa din tahiri yoɣu na,[15][16] ni dulim soli doriti.[3] Di lahi nyɛla din baligiri yoɣu din kpɛri doo tooni, ka di bi tooi gbaari dabba yiriŋ.[3] Di bahi bahandi di nyɛla din ni soŋ n gu ka taɣi dori shɛŋa maa zaa yoli, di bi wuhi ni di gunimi bihi yiriŋ , di yi kana tiggbana ban lɛbigi ni.[5] Di yi lahi lihi dabba ni paɣaba laɣimbu doriti la, di wuhiya ni gunubu nyɛla din taɣiri niri ka chɛri dori shɛŋa, nti pahi dori shɛŋa din yiri na doo ni doo laɣambu ni.[17] Yuuni 2010, vihigu daa wuhiya ni alaafeei tumtumdiba ni daa guni shɛba ka yɛli gola daa niŋ nyɛla kobigi puuni vaabu yim ni pirigili (1.5%) bihi ni, ni kobigi puuni vaabu dibaayobu bikura beei ninkura ni, ka ban daa mali yɛligola pam bi galisi.[18] Ʒi yiri biɛɣu, doro nti pahi gbaŋ maa paabu yaɣi n nye yɛligola shɛŋa din i tooi kana.[18] Saha shɛŋa biɛni, di che ka dulim di doli so shɛli yiri doo tooni maa bi yoori viɛnyela, dini n ye di yɛligoli kpeeni.[19] Yɛligola ŋo nyɛla din galisi di yi niŋ ka niri ŋun dii bi mi di yɛltoɣa guni nira, beei ka o zaŋ su shɛli din ka kasi, beei di yi niŋ ka bi gundi ninkura.[18] Di yi niŋ ka bi guni nira, di pala bin shɛli din mali yɛli muɣisirili beei yɛlgola di yi niŋ ka o yi yen laɣim paɣa, beei di ni boori doo kpaŋmaŋa laɣimbu sheei.[20]

Di yi pu duniya yaanga zuɣu dabba buta, vaabu yim nyɛla bi ni guni shɛba.[4][18][21] Gunubu nyɛla din niŋ bayaana musulinima , di yaahuudaawanima ni , ka di nyɛla adiini zuɣu, ni United States, nti pahi Southeast Asia ni Afrika.[4][22] Luɣ'shɛŋa gunibi ni bi doli adiini n nye : Europe, Latin America, Southern Africa yaɣa shɛŋa , ni Asia yaɣa pam.[4] Gunubu ni pili shɛli bi neei ti, amaa bini tuu nya sabbu ka gunibu be dini, lala sabbu ŋo daa nyɛla din yi Egypt na.[4][23] Baŋsim yaɣa pam nyɛla ban sabi wuhi di ni ni tooi niŋ ka gunubu pili luɣ'shɛli, ka shɛbi yeli ni di nyɛla maligu adiini puuni, beei soli din wuhiri ni bidib'bila ba leegi doo.[24] Di nyɛla din pahi adiini zalilsi puuni , di yi kana Judaism adiini ni.[25] ka lahi nyɛ binshɛli musulinima ni zoogi ka bi niŋda , dolodolonima shɛba gba.[4][26] Di yi lɛbigi gunubu sliminsili, lala bachi maa nyɛla din yi Latin yeltoɣa ni "circumdere" din gbinni nye "n ŋmaagi gili".[4]

References

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  1. 1 2 Rudolph C, Rudolph A, Lister G, First L, Gershon A (18 March 2011). Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Incorporated. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-07-149723-7. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016.
  2. ↑ Sawyer S (November 2011). Pediatric Physical Examination & Health Assessment. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 555–556. ISBN 978-1-4496-7600-1. Archived from the original on 2016-01-18.
  3. 1 2 3 American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Circumcision (2012). "Technical Report". Pediatrics 130 (3): e756–e785. DOI:10.1542/peds.2012-1990. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 22926175.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Male circumcision: Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability. World Health Organization (2007).
  5. 1 2 Lissauer T, Clayden G (October 2011). Illustrated Textbook of Paediatrics, Fourth edition. Elsevier. pp. 352–353. ISBN 978-0-7234-3565-5. Although routine neonatal circumcision is still common in some Western countries such as the USA, the arguments generally used to justify on medical grounds have been discredited and no national or international medical association currently advocates routine neonatal circumcision.
  6. 1 2 Hay W, Levin M (25 June 2012). Current Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics 21/E. McGraw Hill Professional. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-07-177971-5. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016.
  7. 1 2 Jacobs, Micah; Grady, Richard; Bolnick, David A. (2012). "Current Circumcision Trends and Guidelines". In Bolnick, David A.; Koyle, Martin; Yosha, Assaf (eds.). Surgical Guide to Circumcision. London: Springer. pp. 3–8. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_1. ISBN 978-1-4471-2857-1. Outside of strategic regions in sub-Saharan Africa, no call for routine circumcision has been made by any established medical organizations or governmental bodies. Positions on circumcision include "some medical benefit/parental choice" in the United States, "no medical benefit/parental choice" in Great Britain, and "no medical benefit/physical and psychological trauma/parental choice" in the Netherlands.
  8. ↑ Pinto K (August 2012). "Circumcision controversies". Pediatric Clinics of North America 59 (4): 977–986. DOI:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.05.015. PMID 22857844.
  9. ↑ Caga-anan EC, Thomas AJ, Diekema DS, Mercurio MR, Adam MR (8 September 2011). Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: A Case-Based Textbook. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-521-17361-2. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016.
  10. ↑ Krieger JN (May 2011). "Male circumcision and HIV infection risk". World Journal of Urology 30 (1): 3–13. DOI:10.1007/s00345-011-0696-x. PMID 21590467.
  11. ↑ Siegfried, N (2009). "Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD003362. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003362.pub2. PMID 19370585.
  12. ↑ WHO and UNAIDS announce recommendations from expert consultation on male circumcision for HIV prevention. World Health Organization (March 2007).
  13. ↑ Kim, Howard H (November 2010). "Male circumcision: Africa and beyond?". Current Opinion in Urology 20 (6): 515–9. DOI:10.1097/MOU.0b013e32833f1b21. PMID 20844437.
  14. ↑ Sharma, SC (12 December 2017). "Male Circumcision for the Prevention of HIV Acquisition: A Meta-Analysis". BJU International 121 (4): 515–526. DOI:10.1111/bju.14102. PMID 29232046.
  15. ↑ (November 2011) "Male circumcision and human papillomavirus infection in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis". J. Infect. Dis. 204 (9): 1375–90. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jir523. PMID 21965090.
  16. ↑ Rehmeyer C, CJ (2011). "Male Circumcision and Human Papillomavirus Studies Reviewed by Infection Stage and Virus Type". J Am Osteopath Assoc 111 (3 suppl 2): S11–S18. PMID 21415373.
  17. ↑ Yuan, Tanwei (April 2019). "Circumcision to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data". The Lancet Global Health 7 (4): e436–e447. DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30567-9. ISSN 2214-109X. PMID 30879508.
  18. 1 2 3 4 Weiss, HA (2010). "Complications of circumcision in male neonates, infants and children: a systematic review". BMC Urol 10: 2. DOI:10.1186/1471-2490-10-2. PMID 20158883.
  19. ↑ Selekman, Rachel; Copp, Hillary (2020). "Urologic Evaluation of the Child". In Partin, Alan (ed.). Campbell Walsh Wein Urology (12th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 388–402. ISBN 9780323672276.
  20. ↑ Morris, BJ (November 2013). "Does male circumcision affect sexual function, sensitivity, or satisfaction?--a systematic review". The Journal of Sexual Medicine 10 (11): 2644–57. DOI:10.1111/jsm.12293. PMID 23937309.
  21. ↑ Neonatal and child male circumcision: a global review. World Health Organization (2010).
  22. ↑ Owings, Maria. Products - Health E Stats - Trends in Circumcision Among Male Newborns Born in U.S. Hospitals: 1979–2010. The Centers for Disease Control.
  23. ↑ Doyle D (October 2005). "Ritual male circumcision: a brief history". The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 35 (3): 279–285. PMID 16402509.
  24. ↑ (May 2004) "Neonatal circumcision: a review of the world's oldest and most controversial operation". Obstet Gynecol Surv 59 (5): 379–95. DOI:10.1097/00006254-200405000-00026. PMID 15097799.
  25. ↑ Glass JM (January 1999). "Religious circumcision: a Jewish view". BJUI 83 Suppl 1: 17–21. DOI:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1017.x. PMID 10349410.
  26. ↑ Clark M (10 March 2011). Islam For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-118-05396-6. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016.
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