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Dutch Gold Coast

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Dutch Gold Coast
historical country, colony
Di pilli ni1598 Mali niŋ
Yɛltɔɣa din nyɛ tuma ni diniDutch Mali niŋ
Dunia yaɣiliAfrica Mali niŋ
TinzuɣuFort Nassau, Ghana Mali niŋ
Territory claimed byDutch Empire Mali niŋ
Significant eventAnglo-Dutch Treaties of 1870–1871 Mali niŋ
Wuhigi,kpihimbu, dabisili1872 Mali niŋ

Dutch Gold Coast bee Dutch Guinea, din be gbana ni Dutch possessions on the Coast of Guinea (Dutch: Nederlandse Bezittingen ter Kuste van Guinea) daa nyɛla Ghana yaɣ'shɛli Dutch nim ni daa kuli mɔri ni bɛ deei, yuuni 1612 piligu. Dutch daa pilila daabiligu ni maa ni niŋbu yuuni 1598, ka daa zaŋ bɛ maŋa pahi Portuguese nim baa daa pun niŋdi daabiligu ni 1400s zuɣu. Di ni daa kuli chana, Dutch Gold Coast daa niŋ Dutch biɛhigu sheei din niŋ talahi n zaŋti West Africa di ni daa niŋ ka Fort Elmina daa mɛ Portuguese nuuni yuuni 1637, amaa ka bɛ daa cheli labi dini daa niŋ ka daba daabiligu che 19th century. Anashaara goli 6 April 1872, Dutch Gold Coast daa nyɛla ban saɣiti Anglo-Dutch Treaties of 1870–71, din daa tabi United Kingdom.[1]

The Dutch settle on the Gold Coast

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Painting by Johannes Vingboons of both Fort São Jorge at Elmina and Fort Nassau at Moree

Portuguese n daa nyɛ tuuli Europe nim ban kpe Ghana. Zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1471, bɛ daa paai luɣ'shɛli bƐ ni daa boli Gold Coast ka bɛ daliri nyɛla salima n daa be ni. Portuguese daabiligu yaa zaa daa jendila salima, wan'nyina ni naanzua ka di daa pahi yuuni 1482, Portuguese daa mɛ bɛ tuuli daabiligu niŋbu sheei "western coast" din pa nyɛ bɛ ni booni shɛli Ghana zuŋɔ ŋɔ.[2]

Map of the main forts of the Dutch Gold Coast
Tɛmplet:Location map+
Place in Ghana Fort name[3] Founded/
Occupied		 Ceded Comments
Moree Fort Nassau 1598 (1612) 1868 The first Dutch trading post on the Gold Coast opened around 1598. In 1612, it was expanded to a fort. Capital of the Dutch Gold Coast between 1598 and 1637. Occupied between 1781 and 1785 by the British. Traded with the British in 1868.
Butri Fort Batenstein 1598 (1656) 1872 Second Dutch trading post on the Gold Coast. Expanded to Fort Batenstein in 1656. Site of the signing of the Treaty of Butre.
Elmina Fort Elmina 1637 1872 Captured from the Portuguese in the Battle of Elmina (1637). Capital of the Dutch Gold Coast between 1637 and 1872.
Elmina Fort Coenraadsburg 1637 (1665) 1872 Captured from the Portuguese together with Fort Elmina. Originally a reinforced chapel on Saint Jago Hill from which Fort Elmina could easily be attacked. For this reason reinforced by the Dutch after the capture of Elmina. Extended to a full fort in 1665.
Shama Fort San Sebastian 1640 1872 Captured from the Portuguese in 1640.
Axim Fort Santo Antonio 1642 1872 Captured from the Portuguese. Occupied between 1664 and 1665 by the British. Site of the signing of the Treaty of Axim.
Accra Fort Crèvecoeur 1642 1868 Situated near Fort Christiansborg (Danish), and Fort James (British). Occupied between 1781 and 1786 by the British. Traded with the British in 1868.
Sekondi Fort Orange 1642 (1690) 1872 Trading post established by the Dutch in 1642. Enlarged into a fort in 1690, and destroyed by the Ahanta in 1694. Restored afterwards.
Takoradi Fort Witsen 1665 1872 Originally built by the Swedes.
Cormantin Fort Amsterdam 1665 1868 First British fort (1631) on the Gold Coast, captured in 1665 by Engel de Ruyter. Occupied between 1781 and 1785 by the British. Traded with the British in 1868.
Senya Beraku Fort Goede Hoop 1667 1868 Occupied between 1781 and 1785 by the British, and occupied by the local Akim between 1811 and 1816. Traded with the British in 1868.
Akwidaa Fort Dorothea 1687 1872 Formerly part of the Brandenburger Gold Coast. First occupied by the Dutch in 1687 and finally bought in 1721.
Komenda Fort Vredenburgh 1682 1872 A trading post was established by the Dutch near this site around 1600, but abandoned soon afterwards. The fort was built in 1682. In 1687, the English Fort Komenda was built nearby. Occupied between 1781 and 1785 by the British.
Apam Fort Lijdzaamheid 1697 1868 Occupied between 1781 and 1785 by the British. Traded with the British in 1868.
Princess Town Fort Hollandia 1724 1872 Formerly part of the Brandenburger Gold Coast, bought in 1721 by the Dutch. Up until 1724 occupied by the local Jan Conny.


Trade of forts with Britain

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Yuuni 1868, United Kingdom mini Netherlands gba daa niŋ daabiligu lala "fort: nim ŋɔ ni.[4]

Place in Ghana Fort name Founded/
Occupied		 Ceded Comment
Beyin Fort Willem III 1868 1872 Previously British Fort Apollonia.
Dixcove Fort Metalen Kruis 1868 1872 Previously British Fort Dixcove.
Komenda Fort Komenda 1868 1872 Previously British Fort Komenda.
Sekondi Fort Sekondi 1868 1872 Previously British Fort Sekondi.

Temporarily held forts

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Place in Ghana Fort name Founded/
Occupied		 Ceded Comments
Cape Coast Cape Coast Castle 1637 1652
Anomabu Fort William 1640 1652
Egya Fort Egya 1647 1664 English trading post built in 1647, but conquered in the same year by the Dutch. Demolished in 1665 by the British after they had recaptured it in the year before.
Ankobra Fort Ruychaver 1654 1659 Built together with Fort Elise Carthago on the Ankobra River. Attacked by the local population and abandoned.
Ankobra Fort Elize Carthago 1702 1706 (?) Dutch trading post between 1650 and 1702.
Keta Fort Singelenburgh 1734 1737 Destroyed by the Dutch in 1737 after it was attacked by the local population. The Danish built Fort Prinsensten near the abandoned fort in 1784.
Sekondi Fort Sekondi 1782 1785 Captured from the British in the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War. Given back, but regained in 1868 as part of a forts trade with the United Kingdom (see above).
  1. ↑ Adhin 1961, p. 6
  2. ↑ McLaughlin & Owusu-Ansah (1994), "Early European Contact and the Slave Trade".
  3. ↑ Doortmont & Smit 2007, p. 325
  4. ↑ Foreign & Commonwealth Office - Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands for an Interchange of Territory on the Gold Coast of Africa
  • DeCorse, Christopher R. (2001). An archeology of Elmina: Africans and Europeans on the Gold Coast, 1400–1900. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 9781560989714.
  • Doortmont, Michel R.; Smit, Jinna (2007). Sources for the mutual history of Ghana and the Netherlands. An annotated guide to the Dutch archives relating to Ghana and West Africa in the Nationaal Archief, 1593-1960s. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15850-4.
  • Feinberg, H.M. (1976). "There Was an Elmina Note, But....". The International Journal of African Historical Studies 9 (4): 618–630. DOI:10.2307/217016.
  • Feinberg, H.M. (1989). Africans and Europeans in West Africa: Elminans and Dutchmen on the Gold Coast During the Eighteenth Century. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN 9780871697974.
  • Postma, Johannes M. (1990). The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600-1815. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36585-6.
  • Van Dantzig, Albert (1999). Forts and Castles of Ghana. Accra: Sedco Publishing. ISBN 9964-72-010-6.
  • Yarak, Larry W. (1986). "The "Elmina Note:" Myth and Reality in Asante-Dutch Relations". History in Africa 13 (1): 363–382. DOI:10.2307/3171552.
  • Yarak, Larry W. (2003). "A West African Cosmopolis: Elmina (Ghana) in the Nineteenth Century". Seascapes, Littoral Cultures, and Trans-Oceanic Exchanges.

In Dutch

Tɛmplet:Gold Coast Tɛmplet:Dutch colonies

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  • ^Note 1 Note that this office is quite different from the office of Director-General in the administration of the Dutch West India Company, the company's equivalent to this office being the bookkeeper-general.
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