Yiɣi chaŋ yɛligu maŋamaŋa puuni

Danube

Pahimi soya
Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia

The Danube (/ˈdæn.juːb/ DAN-yoob; di yuli n lahi nyɛ ) Mɔɣili din pahi buyi n nyɛ Mɔɣi karili Europe tingbanni, mɔɣili din yuli booni Volga ka be Russia la nyaanga, dini n nya din paya galisim polo. Di nyɛla din zɔri kpari Central mini Southeastern Europe, n yirina Black Forest n kuni mɔɣili din yuli booni Black Sea la ni . Di nyɛla Mɔɣi kurili din mali taarihi, ka na min nyɛ silimiingi ni bɔli shɛli ni frontier la n-ti Roman Empire.[1]

Sahaŋɔ balishɛŋa zaa bɛ ni yari Danube basin tingbanni zaa nyɛla din pilla nyɛ din yina Latin yuli Danubius puuni:

Language Name Pronunciation (IPA) Flow sequence[lower-alpha 1]
Latin Danubius, Dānuvius N/A
German Donau de 1 Germany
2 Austria
Bavarian Doana N/A
Silesian Dōnaj N/A
Upper Sorbian Dunaj hsb N/A
Czech Dunaj cs N/A
Slovakian Dunaj sk 3 Slovakia
Polish Dunaj pl N/A
Hungarian Duna hu 4 Hungary
Slovenian Donava sl N/A
Serbo–Croatian Dunav / Дунав sh 5 Croatia
6 Serbia
Macedonian Дунав sh N/A
Romanian Dunăre,
definite form Dunărea		 ro, definite form ro[2] 7 Romania
9 Moldova
Bulgarian Дунав (Dúnav) bg 8 Bulgaria
Ukrainian Дунай (Dunáj) uk 10 Ukraine
Greek Δούναβης (Doúnavis) el N/A
French Danube fr N/A
Italian Danubio it N/A
Portuguese Danúbio pt N/A
Spanish Danubio es N/A
Russian Дунай (Dunáj) ru N/A
Turkish Tuna / طونه tr N/A
Romansh Danubi N/A
Albanian Danub,
definite form: Danubi[3]		 N/A

[4]

Flow
seq.		 Country Basin
area[4]		 Local
name		 Points of interest
1 Germany 7.0% Donau Donaueschingen – source
2 Austria 10.0% Donau Vienna – capital
3 Slovakia 5.9% Dunaj Bratislava – capital
4 Hungary 11.6% Duna Budapest – capital
5 Croatia 4.4% Dunav
6 Serbia 10.2% Dunav Belgrade – capital
7 Romania 29.0% Dunărea Danube Delta – Black Sea
8 Bulgaria[lower-alpha 2] 5.9% Dunav
9 Moldova 1.6% Dunărea
10 Ukraine 3.8% Дунай

[5][6][7][8]

Year Mean annual discharge in m3/s (cu ft/s)
Reni

Isaccea

 Silistra Pristol Batina

Bezdan

 Nagymaros Szob Bratislava

Wolfsthal

 Untergries-bach
2000 6,580.6 (232,390) 6,198.1 (218,880) 5,585.9 (197,260) 2,669.4 (94,270) 2,627.2 (92,780) 2,337.9 (82,560) 1,667.2 (58,880)
2001 6,304.3 (222,630) 5,919.4 (209,040) 5,421.8 (191,470) 2,432.5 (85,900) 2,382.3 (84,130) 2,231.3 (78,800) 1,627.6 (57,480)
2002 6,837.1 (241,450) 6,100.1 (215,420) 5,392 (190,400) 2,824.9 (99,760) 2,855.6 (100,840) 2,683 (94,700) 1,803.9 (63,700)
2003 5,021 (177,300) 4,571 (161,400) 3,825 (135,100) 1,786 (63,100) 1,722 (60,800) 1,647 (58,200) 1,153 (40,700)
2004 6,524 (230,400) 6,088 (215,000) 5,233 (184,800) 2,025 (71,500) 2,013 (71,100) 1,852 (65,400) 1,213 (42,800)
2005 8,711 (307,600) 7,659 (270,500) 6,396 (225,900) 2,420 (85,000) 2,329 (82,200) 2,115 (74,700) 1,359 (48,000)
2006 8,428 (297,600) 7,370 (260,000) 6,616 (233,600) 2,110 (75,000) 2,503 (88,400) 2,186 (77,200) 1,396 (49,300)
2007 5,626 (198,700) 5,195 (183,500) 4,512 (159,300) 2,182 (77,100) 2,136 (75,400) 1,916 (67,700) 1,287 (45,400)
2008 5,909 (208,700) 5,358 (189,200) 4,736 (167,300) 2,163 (76,400) 2,079 (73,400) 1,876 (66,300) 1,339 (47,300)
2009 6,492 (229,300) 5,990 (212,000) 5,412 (191,100) 2,607 (92,100) 2,441 (86,200) 2,186 (77,200) 1,433 (50,600)
2010 9,598 (339,000) 8,515 (300,700) 7,424 (262,200) 2,879 (101,700) 2,615 (92,300) 2,130 (75,000) 1,420 (50,000)
2011 5,303 (187,300) 2,000 (71,000)
2012 5,053 (178,400) 2,240 (79,000)
2013 7,164 (253,000) 6,558 (231,600) 5,946 (210,000) 2,863 (101,100) 2,684 (94,800) 2,417 (85,400) 1,671 (59,000)
2014 7,446 (263,000) 6,901 (243,700) 5,756 (203,300) 2,198 (77,600) 2,036 (71,900) 1,788 (63,100) 1,237 (43,700)
2015 6,138 (216,800) 5,722 (202,100) 4,971 (175,500) 2,030 (72,000) 1,903 (67,200) 1,629 (57,500) 1,240 (44,000)
2016 6,465 (228,300) 5,993 (211,600) 5,339 (188,500) 2,261 (79,800) 2,196 (77,600) 1,944 (68,700) 1,412 (49,900)
2017 5,202 (183,700) 4,813 (170,000) 4,270 (151,000) 2,143 (75,700) 2,041 (72,100) 1,844 (65,100) 1,307 (46,200)
2018 6,487.8 (229,110) 5,875.5 (207,490) 4,891 (172,700) 1,906.3 (67,320) 1,808.1 (63,850) 1,644.1 (58,060) 1,227.8 (43,360)
2019 5,579 (197,000) 5,168 (182,500) 4,593 (162,200) 2,253 (79,600) 2,114 (74,700) 1,962 (69,300) 1,446 (51,100)
2020 4,893.5 (172,810) 4,659 (164,500) 4,095 (144,600) 2,215 (78,200) 2,026 (71,500) 1,841 (65,000) 1,285 (45,400)
2021 5,998 (211,800) 5,505 (194,400) 4,696 (165,800) 2,178 (76,900) 2,028 (71,600) 1,838 (64,900) 1,304 (46,100)
2022 5,753 (203,200) 2,180 (77,000)
2023 6,623.8 (233,920) 2,240 (79,000)
2024 5,776.4 (203,990)

[9][10]

Station Discharge (m3/s) Discharge (cu ft/s)
Min Mean Max Min Mean Max
Ceatal Izmail 1,889 6,489 14,673 66,700 229,200 518,200
Reni, Isaccea 1,805 6,564 14,820 63,700 231,800 523,000
Zimnicea, Svishtov 1,411 6,018 14,510 49,800 212,500 512,000
Orșova 1,672 5,572 13,324 59,000 196,800 470,500
Veliko Gradište 1,461 5,550 14,152 51,600 196,000 499,800
Pančevo 1,454 5,310 13,080 51,300 188,000 462,000
Bogojevo 959 2,889 8,153 33,900 102,000 287,900
Bezdan, Batina 749 2,353 7,043 26,500 83,100 248,700
Mohács 667 2,336 7,227 23,600 82,500 255,200
Nagymaros, Szob 628 2,333 7,057 22,200 82,400 249,200
Bratislava 633 2,059 7,324 22,400 72,700 258,600
Vienna 506 1,917 6,062 17,900 67,700 214,100
Krems an der Donau 596 1,845 5,986 21,000 65,200 211,400
Linz 468 1,451 4,783 16,500 51,200 168,900
Hofkirchen 211 638 1,943 7,500 22,500 68,600
Regensburg 128 444 1,330 4,500 15,700 47,000
Ingolstadt 83 312 965 2,900 11,000 34,100
Ulm 6 38 153 210 1,300 5,400
Period (CE) Scenario P T Q S
mm in °C °F m3/s cu ft/s metric tons
(millions) 		short tons
(millions)
LIA
1530–1540 Cool/dry 79431.3 9.048.2 6,207219,200 72.980.4
1650–1660 Cool/wet 88534.8 8.447.1 7,929280,000 67.374.2
1709–1719 Warm/wet 86133.9 8.346.9 7,616269,000 52.958.3
1770–1780 Warm/dry 86534.1 8.948.0 7,728272,900 74.181.7
Modern
1940–1950 Cool/dry 77830.6 8.948.0 7,209254,600 55.060.6
1960–1970 Cool/wet 85033 8.847.8 7,399261,300 73.080.5
1975–1985 Warm/wet 81832.2 9.048.2 7,186253,800 77.885.8
1990–2000 Warm/dry 79031 9.549.1 5,068179,000 73.881.4

[11][12][13][14][8]

Year m3/s cu ft/s Year m3/s cu ft/s Year m3/s cu ft/s Year m3/s cu ft/s Year m3/s cu ft/s Year m3/s cu ft/s
Reconstructed
1742 5,780204,000 1751 6,760239,000 1761 6,470228,000 1771 9,700340,000 1781 5,830206,000 1791 5,540196,000
1743 5,355189,100 1752 7,090250,000 1762 6,510230,000 1772 6,050214,000 1782 6,470228,000 1792 6,930245,000
1744 5,370190,000 1753 4,980176,000 1763 5,950210,000 1773 4,600160,000 1783 7,930280,000 1793 7,800280,000
1745 4,940174,000 1754 6,330224,000 1764 6,280222,000 1774 6,150217,000 1784 8,400300,000 1794 5,230185,000
1746 7,140252,000 1755 6,840242,000 1765 6,130216,000 1775 6,060214,000 1785 7,610269,000 1795 6,530231,000
1747 5,850207,000 1756 6,370225,000 1766 8,530301,000 1776 6,320223,000 1786 6,570232,000 1796 6,460228,000
1748 6,840242,000 1757 6,830241,000 1767 6,850242,000 1777 5,530195,000 1787 6,980246,000 1797 6,700240,000
1749 6,690236,000 1758 8,410297,000 1768 8,400300,000 1778 7,470264,000 1788 5,860207,000 1798 6,560232,000
1750 5,180183,000 1759 5,520195,000 1769 5,720202,000 1779 6,600230,000 1789 7,190254,000 1799 9,590339,000
1760 6,840242,000 1770 10,700380,000 1780 6,990247,000 1790 6,940245,000 1800 6,150217,000
5,905 (208,500) 6,597 (233,000) 7,154 (252,600) 6,547 (231,200) 6,978 (246,400) 6,749 (238,300)
1801 7,310258,000 1811 8,220290,000 1821 6,390226,000 1831 6,670236,000 1841 6,210219,000 1851 7,350260,000
1802 6,590233,000 1812 5,230185,000 1822 5,700200,000 1832 4,820170,000 1842 5,340189,000 1852 6,550231,000
1803 6,870243,000 1813 6,680236,000 1823 6,520230,000 1833 5,350189,000 1843 6,710237,000 1853 7,800280,000
1804 6,220220,000 1814 7,290257,000 1824 6,420227,000 1834 6,470228,000 1844 6,960246,000 1854 5,060179,000
1805 7,010248,000 1815 6,640234,000 1825 8,040284,000 1835 7,040249,000 1845 7,440263,000 1855 7,020248,000
1806 6,830241,000 1816 8,090286,000 1826 5,800200,000 1836 9,740344,000 1846 6,750238,000 1856 5,390190,000
1807 7,000250,000 1817 8,650305,000 1827 6,650235,000 1837 6,770239,000 1847 7,070250,000 1857 4,880172,000
1808 5,600200,000 1818 6,920244,000 1828 8,140287,000 1838 10,440369,000 1848 5,620198,000 1858 5,580197,000
1809 7,150252,000 1819 6,470228,000 1829 8,280292,000 1839 9,960352,000 1849 5,360189,000 1859 5,630199,000
1810 8,430298,000 1820 6,560232,000 1830 7,790275,000 1840 5,560196,000 1850 7,360260,000 1860 7,220255,000
6,901 (243,700) 7,075 (249,900) 6,973 (246,200) 7,282 (257,200) 6,482 (228,900) 6,248 (220,600)
1861 5,980211,000 1871 8,860313,000 1881 8,320294,000 1891 5,440192,000 1901 5,570197,000 1911 5,120181,000
1862 5,040178,000 1872 5,970211,000 1882 5,130181,000 1892 5,620198,000 1902 5,650200,000 1912 6,940245,000
1863 3,340118,000 1873 5,150182,000 1883 7,590268,000 1893 5,710202,000 1903 5,490194,000 1913 6,410226,000
1864 6,150217,000 1874 4,680165,000 1884 5,250185,000 1894 4,770168,000 1904 4,940174,000 1914 6,560232,000
1865 5,690201,000 1875 5,360189,000 1885 5,430192,000 1895 6,240220,000 1905 6,100220,000 1915 9,540337,000
1866 3,780133,000 1876 7,520266,000 1886 5,660200,000 1896 6,470228,000 1906 6,190219,000 1916 7,550267,000
1867 6,350224,000 1877 6,660235,000 1887 5,340189,000 1897 7,700270,000 1907 6,770239,000 1917 6,410226,000
1868 5,660200,000 1878 7,040249,000 1888 6,800240,000 1898 4,550161,000 1908 4,400160,000 1918 4,300150,000
1869 5,370190,000 1879 8,300290,000 1889 6,530231,000 1899 4,500160,000 1909 5,590197,000 1919 7,410262,000
1870 7,470264,000 1880 5,660200,000 1890 4,650164,000 1900 6,900240,000 1910 7,450263,000 1920 6,720237,000
5,483 (193,600) 6,520 (230,000) 6,070 (214,000) 5,790 (204,000) 5,815 (205,400) 6,770 (239,000)
Observed
1921 3,906137,900 1931 6,706236,800 1941 9,916350,200 1951 6,368224,900 1961 5,860207,000 1971 5,272186,200
1922 6,530231,000 1932 6,181218,300 1942 7,266256,600 1952 5,850207,000 1962 6,628234,100 1972 6,160218,000
1923 6,430227,000 1933 6,344224,000 1943 4,308152,100 1953 6,117216,000 1963 6,047213,500 1973 5,766203,600
1924 6,700240,000 1934 5,644199,300 1944 7,190254,000 1954 6,168217,800 1964 5,259185,700 1974 7,258256,300
1925 5,255185,600 1935 5,718201,900 1945 5,870207,000 1955 8,834312,000 1965 8,400300,000 1975 7,190254,000
1926 8,144287,600 1936 6,392225,700 1946 4,684165,400 1956 7,100250,000 1966 7,954280,900 1976 6,567231,900
1927 5,990212,000 1937 8,325294,000 1947 5,418191,300 1957 6,254220,900 1967 7,500260,000 1977 7,073249,800
1928 5,005176,700 1938 6,867242,500 1948 6,357224,500 1958 6,340224,000 1968 5,660200,000 1978 7,120251,000
1929 5,330188,000 1939 6,310223,000 1949 4,301151,900 1959 5,375189,800 1969 7,710272,000 1979 7,747273,600
1930 5,197183,500 1940 9,533336,700 1950 5,130181,000 1960 6,514230,000 1970 9,602339,100 1980 8,767309,600
5,888 (207,900) 6,802 (240,200) 6,044 (213,400) 6,492 (229,300) 7,062 (249,400) 6,892 (243,400)
1981 8,172288,600 1991 6,274221,600 2001 6,304.3222,630 2011 5,303187,300 2021 6,018212,500
1982 6,700240,000 1992 5,710.8201,670 2002 6,837.1241,450 2012 5,053178,400 2022 5,753203,200
1983 5,543195,700 1993 4,873172,100 2003 5,021177,300 2013 7,164253,000 2023 6,623.8233,920
1984 6,325223,400 1994 6,031.8213,010 2004 6,524230,400 2014 7,446263,000 2024
1985 6,449227,700 1995 6,223.7219,790 2005 8,711307,600 2015 6,138216,800 2025
1986 6,257221,000 1996 7,035.8248,470 2006 8,428297,600 2016 6,465228,300 2026
1987 6,619233,700 1997 6,684.2236,050 2007 5,626198,700 2017 5,202183,700 2027
1988 6,383225,400 1998 6,804.6240,300 2008 5,909208,700 2018 6,487.8229,110 2028
1989 5,448192,400 1999 7,951.5280,800 2009 6,492229,300 2019 5,579197,000 2029
1990 4,194148,100 2000 6,580.6232,390 2010 9,598339,000 2020 4,893.5172,810 2030
6,209 (219,300) 6,417 (226,600) 6,945 (245,300) 5,973 (210,900) 6,131.6 (216,540)
Multiannual average discharge 1742 to 2022: ~ 6,500 m3/s (230,000 cu ft/s)
The Tisza is the longest tributary of the Danube.
  1. Iller (entering at Ulm)
  2. Lech
  3. Altmühl (entering at Kelheim)
  4. Naab (entering at Regensburg)
  5. Regen (entering at Regensburg)
  6. Isar
  7. Inn (entering at Passau)
  8. Ilz (entering at Passau)
  9. Enns
  10. Morava (entering near Devín Castle)
  11. Rába (entering at Győr)
  12. Váh (entering at Komárno)
  13. Hron (entering at Štúrovo)
  14. Ipeľ
  15. Sió
  16. Drava (entering near Osijek)
  17. Vuka (entering at Vukovar)

18. Tisza (entering near Titel)
19. Sava (entering at Belgrade)
20. Timiș (river) (entering at Pančevo)
21. Great Morava (entering near Smederevo)
22. Mlava (entering near Kostolac)
23. Karaš (entering near Banatska Palanka)
24. Jiu (entering at Bechet)
25. Iskar (entering near Gigen)
26. Olt (entering at Turnu Măgurele)
27. Osam (entering near Nikopol, Bulgaria)
28. Yantra (entering near Svishtov)
29. Argeș (entering at Oltenița)
30. Ialomița
31. Siret (entering near Galați)
32. Prut (entering near Galați)

3-color confluence of (from left to right) Inn, Danube, and Ilz in Passau
Danube in Linz, Austria
The Danube in Bratislava, Slovakia
Basilica of Esztergom, Hungary
Petrovaradin Fortress overlooking the Danube and Novi Sad, regional capital of Vojvodina in Serbia
Confluence of river Sava into the Danube beneath Fortress in Belgrade, capital of Serbia
Danube at Nikopol, Bulgaria in winter
The Danube in Sulina, Romania
Panorama of the Danube in Vienna
The Danube Bend is a curve of the Danube in Hungary, near the city of Visegrád. The Transdanubian Mountains lie on the right bank (left side of the picture), while the North Hungarian Mountains on the left bank (right side of the picture).
Panorama of the Danube in Budapest with the Hungarian Parliament (left)
Budapest at night
Panorama of the Danube in Novi Sad from Petrovaradin Fortress, Serbia
The confluence of the Sava into the Danube at Belgrade. Pictured from Belgrade Fortress, Serbia
Panoramic image of the Danube and Sava river from Kalemegdan, Belgrade Serbia
The Danube entering the Iron Gate at the South-Western end of the Carpathian Mountains. Romania on the left side, Golubac Fortress and Serbia on the right side.
Aerial view of Margaret Island, Budapest, Hungary. There are 15 bridges over the Danube in Budapest.
Great War Island in Belgrade, Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube.
The Ada Kaleh island in the Danube was forgotten during the peace talks at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, which allowed it to remain a de jure Turkish territory and the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II's private possession until the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 (de facto until Romania unilaterally declared its sovereignty on the island in 1919 and further strengthened it with the Treaty of Trianon in 1920).[15][16] The island was submerged during the construction of the Iron Gates hydroelectric plant in 1970.


The Iron Gate, on the Serbian-Romanian border (Iron Gates natural park and Đerdap national park)

Important national parks

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Lua bi niŋ dede:bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal')

  • Lóczy, Dénes. The Danube: Morphology, Evolution, and Environmental Issues. In Avijit Gupta, ed., Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management. 2nd Ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2022, pp. 335–367. ISBN 9781119412601
  • Sommerwerk, Nike, Jurg Bloesch, Christian Baumgartner, Thomas Bittl, Dubravka Cerba, Bela Csanyi, Grigore Davideanu, Martin Dokulil, Georg Frank, Iulia Grecu, Thomas Hein, Vladimir Kovac, Ilulian Nichersu, Tibor Mikuska, Karin Pall, Momir Paunovic, Carmen Postolache, Maja Rakovic, Cristina Sandu, Martin Schneider-Jacoby, Katharina Stefke, Klement Tockner, Ion Toderas, and Laurentia Ungureanu. The Danube River Basin. In Klement Tockner, Christiane Zarfl, and Christopher T. Robinson (eds.), Rivers of Europe, 2nd Ed. Cambridge, MA: Elsevier, 2022, pp. 83–181. ISBN 978-0-08-102612-0
  1. ↑ Abel-Rémusat, Jean-Pierre (1829). Nouveaus Mélanges Asiatiques. 2. Paris: Schubart and Heidelhoff. pp. 96–97.
  2. ↑ Vékony, Gábor (2000). Dacians, Romans, Romanians. Matthias Corvinus Publishing. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-882785-13-1.
  3. ↑ Kozma Vasili; Arsen Mustaqi, eds. (1981), Lirika popullore [Folk lyrics], Folklor Shqiptar (in Albanian), 4, Tirana: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS te Shqiperise, Instituti i Kultures Popullore, Sektori i Prozes dhe Poezise, p. 624, Tunë-a lumi i Danubit
  4. 1 2 Countries of the Danube River Basin. International Commission for the protection of the Danube River.
  5. ↑ A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ICPDR
  6. ↑ Republički hidrometeorološki zavod.
  7. ↑ ICPDR-International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River.
  8. 1 2 DIAGNOZA ŞI PROGNOZA PENTRU DUNĂRE.
  9. ↑ Pekárová, Pavla; Miklánek, Pavol (2019). Flood Regime of Rivers in the Danube River Basin. doi:10.31577/2019.9788089139460. ISBN 978-80-89139-46-0. S2CID 131234947.
  10. ↑ Points of view expressed by the Romanian authorities and scientific research on the Ukraine's document "Annotated Report on Scientific Research – Complex Environmental Monitoring for the Danube – Black Sea Deep Water Navigation Canal operation in 2017–2018. The Sea Approach Canal Zone". unece.org.
  11. ↑ (2023) "The first tree-ring reconstruction of streamflow variability over the last ~250 years in the Lower Danube". Journal of Hydrology. DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129150.
  12. ↑ INHGA.
  13. ↑ Annual Reports.
  14. ↑ IPCC.
  15. ↑ Treaty of Peace with Turkey signed at Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland: World War I Document Archive, 24 July 1923, retrieved 6 December 2014
  16. ↑ Ada Kaleh.

    Tɛmplet:EB1911 poster

    1. ↑ Flow sequence from the source confluence in Germany to final discharge into the Black Sea via the Danube Delta in Romania and Ukraine.
      See also Contents > Geography.      A chirim ya: &It;ref> tuma maa yi laɣingu din yuli nyɛ "lower-alpha", ka lee bi saɣiritiri $It;references group ="lower-alpha"/> tuka maa bon nya
    2. ↑ Note that the port city of Vidin in Bulgaria is downstream from the town of Moldova Nouă in Romania.A chirim ya: &It;ref> tuma maa yi laɣingu din yuli nyɛ "lower-alpha", ka lee bi saɣiritiri $It;references group ="lower-alpha"/> tuka maa bon nya
    Di yila "https://dag.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danube&oldid=103490"