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Asiento de Negros

Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
Asiento de Negros
slave license, Asiento
SignatoryMonarchy of Spain Mali niŋ
 

Cover of the English translation of the Asiento contract signed by Britain and Spain in 1713 as part of the Utrecht treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession. The contract granted exclusive rights to Britain to sell slaves in the Spanish Indies.

Asiento de Negros daa nyɛla daabiligu shaawara din be Spanish Crown ban niŋ daabiligu ni daba gbahibu zaŋ chaŋ Spanish Americas.[1] Spanish Empire daa dii bi kperi transatlantic slave trade ni polo zaŋ chaŋ kamani Africa maŋmaŋa, ka leei niŋdi ningbuna ni tiŋgbayaɣ'shɛŋa din yuli duri dunia, dibahi bahindi kamani Portuguese mini Genoese, amaa Dutch, French, mini British daa ti nyɛla o ni zaŋ shɛŋa pahi.[2]

Aasiento, Spanish language balli ni, gbunni nyɛla samli, kamani yuuni zaŋ chaŋ yuma anahi sunsuuni, ka gbana ni ni Spanish crown laɣinsi ni daabihi sun suuni.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

The island of Cádiz by Blaeu in 1662.
San Juan de Ulúa, Spanish fort in Veracruz, Mexico (2008)

Background in the Spanish Americas

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Aasiento (gbunni Spanish bachiniŋdili sentar,gbunni nyɛla ʒinibu, din daa yina Latin sedere ni) Spanish ni "zaɣa" bee "ʒinahigu,pilibu."[9]

[10]

1518–1527: Laurent de Gouvenot (bɛ ni lahi booni so Lorenzo de Gorrevod bee Garrebod), ex-Governor zaŋti Bresse mini Mayordomo mayor zaŋti Charles I of Spain.[11][12]

Portuguese: 1595–1640

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Asientos dibaa ayɔbu daa nyɛ soli:

Jan Valckenburgh
  1. ↑ (2008) "The Asiento de Negros and International Law". Journal of the History of International Law 10 (2): 229–257. DOI:10.1163/157180508X359846.
  2. ↑ Schneider, Elena, The Occupation of Havana, University of North Carolina Press, 1977, p.23
  3. ↑ The strategy of Philip II against the Cortes in the 1575 crisis and the domestic credit market freeze Carlos Álvarez-Nogal and Christophe Chamley
  4. ↑ The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567–1659: The Logistics of ...by Geoffrey Parker, p. 125
  5. ↑ J Conklin (1998) The Theory of Sovereign Debt and Spain under Philip II
  6. ↑ A Nation upon the Ocean Sea: Portugal's Atlantic Diaspora and the Crisis of ... by Daviken Studnicki-Gizbert, pp. 112–113
  7. ↑ The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: From the Decline of the Roman empire by Sir John Harold Clapham, Eileen Edna Power, p. 372
  8. ↑ Carlos Álvarez Nogal (2002) THE ABILITY OF AN ABSOLUTE KING TO BORROW DURING THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. SPAIN DURING THE HABSBURG DYNASTY [sic], p. 7, 30
  9. ↑ Postma, Johannes, The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600–1815 (Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 29.
  10. ↑ Shelly, Cara. "Asiento" in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 1, p. 218. New York: Charles Scribner's and Sons 1996, p. 218.
  11. ↑ Thomas, Hugh (1997) The Slave Trade. Simon and Schuster
  12. 1 2 Dalla Corte, Gabriela (2006) Homogeneidad, Diferencia y Exclusión en América. Edicions Universitat Barcelona,
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ngou-Mve 1994, p. 97
  14. ↑ Portada del Archivo Histórico Nacional (es).
  15. ↑ The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History, Volume 5 by Oxford University Press
  16. 1 2 A Forgotten Chapter in the History of International Commercial Arbitration: The Slave Trade's Dispute Settlement System by ANNE-CHARLOTTE MARTINEAU DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156518000158 Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 March 2018
  17. ↑ C N Trueman "Economy Under Phillip III" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. 3 Oct 2020.
  18. ↑ Thomas, Hugh (1997). The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440 – 1870. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0684835657.
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    • Newson, Linda A (2007). From Capture to Sale: The Portuguese Slave Trade to Spanish South America in the Early Seventeenth Century. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004156791.
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    • Ribeiro da Silva, Filipa (2011). Dutch and Portuguese in Western Africa: Empires, Merchants and the Atlantic System, 1580–1674. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004201514.
    • Richardson, David (2014). Networks and Trans-Cultural Exchange: Slave Trading in the South Atlantic, 1590–1867. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004280588.
    • Saraiva, António José (2001). The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536–1765. BRILL. ISBN 9004120807.
    • Goslinga, C. Ch. (1985). The Dutch in the Caribbean and in the Guianas 1680–1791. Assen: Van Gorcum. ISBN 90-232-2060-9.
    • David Marley (ed.), Reales asientos y licencias para la introduccion de esclavos negros a la America Espagnola (1676-1789), ISBN 0-88653-009-1 (Windsor, Canada. 1985).
    • Postma, J. M. (2008). The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600–1815. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36585-7.

    Tɛmplet:Spanish Empire

    1. ↑ Reinel introduced 25,000 slaves to Brazil in the following six years. This agreement introduced well-defined characteristics in this type of contract. According to its clauses, Reynel was obliged to introduce 4,250 African slaves annually into the Indies; he could grant "licences" to anyone who wanted them and he would be in charge of completing the required total if necessary.
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